Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 22 November 2021
Youth Ministries is the lifeblood of the Church today. This ministry is also designed to assist youth within and youth in the communities. The Seventh day Adventist World Church membership is mainly composed of young people with an estimate of 75%. Young people have been and continue to take leadership roles in the local church. Yet, the Church’s challenge of losing young people and failure to uphold Christian standards has been discovered to be increasing day by day. The degrading standards and morals within church youth hinder one of Adventist youth Ministries’ objectives, which is ‘Youth working for other youth.’ It is further discovered that the neglect of mentoring programmes which provide opportunities for youth to develop spiritually and mentally and the absence of spiritual and mentally matured mentors in the local churches is the cause for either the loss of young people or poor decision making by youth in matters relating to life. This article seeks to discover and display the use of mentorship programs at Veeplaas church of Seventh day Adventist as means to retain youth, reduce or prevent moral degeneration and providing counseling and guidance among them. Literature is used to review, define and critically look at mentoring as a discipline effective for youth development.
Page(s): 06-11 Date of Publication: 22 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51101The pandemic has altered the lives and activities of people all across the world in ways that no one could have predicted. The once-in-a-lifetime circumstance presented both problems and opportunities to all segments of the community and society. The key purpose of this descriptive qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the personal stories of students in the modular distance learning first experiences in SY 2020-2021. Insights, opinions, and ideas were sought from six (6) low performing students through Key Informant Interview. Considering the lockdown problems, data were gathered through phone calls, and video calls and were recorded, transcribed, coded analyzed, and categorized responses into themes. Five emergent themes were generated, are as follow: (1) Poor reading comprehension level (2) Lack alternative learning materials (3) No strict daily learning routine (4) No constant communication from parents and teachers for support (5) Unmotivated learning system at home. Findings revealed that the most difficult experiences met by students are the lack of comprehension and insufficient learning resources. With these findings, the school administrator and teachers should provide necessary learning strategies and alternative resources to increase learners’ performance.
Page(s): 12-16 Date of Publication: 22 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51102Page(s): 17-23 Date of Publication: 23 November 2021
Harmonization of teaching and training methods (TTMs) continue be prerequisite and critical for teachers and trainers as they promote successful acquisition of essential and practical skills for further training in workplaces in Uganda. As the linkage is enfolded, it is confronted with increasingly distinctive challenges. This study aimed at exploring the linkage of TTMs between classroom teaching and workplace training in the hospitality industry in Uganda. A qualitative research approach using a case study design was used. A sample of 16 participants was purposively selected from vocational institutions and workplaces. In-depth interview were used to collect data. The study found out that the linkage of TTMs played a significant role in developing and strengthening of essential and practical competencies. Minimal participation, unsatisfactory use of teacher initiated methods, exhaustion and neglectful listening, unavailability, inadequate and obsolete tools, equipment and materials were also identified. The study recommends that TTMs in the hospitality industry should be allowed to evolve through a systematic harmonization, horizontal expertize and collaboration in order to have effective linkage of classroom teaching to workplace training that encourage and facilitate motivation, critical thinking and avail up-to-date tools, equipment and materials in vocational institutions .
Page(s): 24-32 Date of Publication: 23 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51103Covid-19 disease brought threats to humankind worldwide that made the closure of establishments, especially schools, to protect mainly the students, teachers, and its school staff. For this reason, face-to-face sessions were discouraged and other modalities were introduced based on the local Learning Continuity Plan of the school. Panabo City National High School crafted its Learning Continuity Plan based on the Department of Education Order No. 19 series of 2020. This study aims to determine the extent of implementing the Learning Continuity Plan of Panabo City National High School in its learning modalities utilized, the challenges, opinions, and recommendations by the parents, teachers, students, and other stakeholders. The challenges, opinions, and recommendations were identified through a quantitative deductive research design by conducting surveys to the 100 Panabo City National High School participants through quota and purposive sampling. The results showed that the school has implemented its Learning Continuity Plan (LCP) very well and observed by the parents, teacher, students, and other stakeholders and private individuals. The challenges that emerged were limited supply of printing materials in the production and delivery of modules; students struggle with self-studying, parents’ lack of knowledge to academically guide their child/children, internet, and other technical capacity issues. In conclusion, the study determined the extent of the implementation of the Learning Continuity Plan and recommendations for any room of improvement. The result of this study may serve as a springboard for the future improvements of the schools’ existing programs and guidelines on implementing the Learning Continuity Plan for the next school year.
Page(s): 33-36 Date of Publication: 23 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51104Page(s): 37-40 Date of Publication: 23 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51105The quality of parent-child interaction is critical to child development. Parental communication of warmth tends to impact the development of emotional control, identity, and components of personality, which contribute to positive mental health. This cross-sectional survey aimed to determine the effects of parenting style on the psychological well-being of secondary school children. Three hundred students selected from five Secondary Schools in Amuwo-Odofin Local Area Council of Lagos State participated in the study. They ranged between 13-19 years (X= 15.51± 3.95) in age. 201 (67%) were female, 99(33%) were male. Participants completed the PAQ (Baumrind, 1991) and the Ryff’s Psychological Well-being scales. Path analysis using the IBM AMOS 23 indicated a positive effect of permissive parenting on anxiety/depression and environmental mastery facets of psychological well-being. Authoritative parenting negatively affected social dysfunction and positively affected autonomy, personal growth, and purpose in life. The findings show that children who experienced permissive parenting are more likely to report poor psychological well-being than authoritative parenting. Community programmes aimed at providing training on parenting may improve the mental health status of children in the community.
Page(s): 41-44 Date of Publication: 23 November 2021
Page(s): 45-50 Date of Publication: 25 November 2021
This seminar paper focused on the comparative legal analysis of elements of contract of sale under the laws regulating contract of sale in Nigeria, South Africa and United States. It examined the various laws regulating elements of contract of sale in the three jurisdictions mentioned above looking at the similarities and differences in their statutory provisions. The research methodology adopted is doctrinal approach. The Primary and Secondary sources of materials were consulted in the writing of the work. Primary sources such as law reports, case laws, statutes etc. and secondary sources such as law textbooks, journals etc. This work finds out that there is similarity in the essential elements of a contract of sale in the three jurisdictions but there are slight differences in their practices. The work also found out that the law regulating contract of sale in Nigeria is obsolete and archaic and therefore needs to be amended to suite the current practices of modern-day commercial transactions. It is important that our laws be reviewed from time to time to incorporate changes that occur day in day out in our societies. This work advocates for timely review of laws governing contract of sale and commercial transactions in Nigeria.
Page(s): 51-56 Date of Publication: 25 November 2021
This paper assesses the effect of energy intensity on industrialization in Cameroon over the period 1980-2020. The energy sector plays an essential role in economic prosperity and development. Energy consumption is an integral part of the growth process of any economy, whether it is an industrialized or a developing country. We estimate a panel data model using the Econometrics-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. Our results show that at all levels of estimation of both long-run and short-run co integration tests, energy intensity does not favor the industrialization process in Cameroon. This leaves an important policy implication for Cameroon’s stakeholders, namely that they can focus on research and development to encourage investment in the development of new energy sources, increase energy intensity and stimulate economic growth.
Page(s): 57-67 Date of Publication: 25 November 2021
Page(s): 68-76 Date of Publication: 25 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51110This study examined teacher variables that influence assessment conceptions of basic school teachers in the Sissala East Municipality of Ghana. Gender, academic levels, class assigned, teaching experience, age and assessment-based training were investigated to determine the effects of these individual variables on the teachers’ conception of assessment. The data for this study were collected and analyzed using a strictly quantitative approach. Teachers Conception of Assessment III was used to collect data from 204 teachers. Using multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA), out of the six variables included in the study, the results revealed that the main effect for gender was significant, Wilks’ Lambda = .95, F (4, 198) = 2.53, p < .05; multivariate η2 = 0.05. A follow-up Bonferroni adjustment analysis, the dependent variables were verified individually, and the only variable to attain a difference in statistical significance was improvement assessment conception, F (1, 201) = 6.56, p = .011, partial eta squared = .03. An analysis of the mean scores revealed that females recorded marginally higher levels of improvement conception (M = 4.84, SD = .55) than males (M = 4.63, SD = .59). It is therefore recommended that stake holders should ensure the development of ways to improve the assessment literacy of especially male teachers.
Page(s): 77-86 Date of Publication: 25 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51111Page(s): 87-92 Date of Publication: 27 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51106The paper is on Attitudes of English Language Lecturers and Students on ICT Mediated Teaching in Gombe State University. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted as research design for the study. ICT has revolutionized every aspect of human life endeavour, more especially the aspect of education. The study was designed to observe the attitude of English language lecturers and students towards the use of ICT mediated teaching and learning. The research work was guided by four research questions. The samples of the study consist of English language lecturers and available students studying English language from Gombe State University as population. The instrument for the study was a self-designed structured questionnaire administered to five (5) English language lecturers and twenty (20) students of English. The instrument was validated by ICT lecturer from University of Jos. The reliability of the instrument was conducted using Cronbach Alpha Correlation coefficient which stood at 0.85%. Even though this study has limitation related to sample size, the results contributes to the existing theory and practice related to ICT mediated teaching/learning. This study could be an incentive for improving readiness of English language lecturers/teachers regarding ICT use in learning activities.
Page(s): 93-103 Date of Publication: 27 November 2021
Page(s): 104-109 Date of Publication: 27 November 2021
Due to effects of climate change and resultant unpredictable rain patterns compounded with rising human population necessitates the adoption of modern agricultural techniques to ensure food sufficiency not only in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) but the entire globe wherever they are. Eleven out of fourty seven counties in Kenya fall under the category of ASAL. This study delves into the subject of irrigated farming to find out the ‘how’ and what can be done to ensure there is adequate food supply for the growing population. The study adopted both the qualitative and quantitative techniques to arrive at the conclusion. The study was guided by the following main objective; to find out how irrigated farming can enhance food security, the challenges faced in irrigated farming and the way forward to these challenges by the residents of Tunyo division in Marakwet district-Kenya. The study found out that irrigated farming faces a myriad of challenges; inadequate water for irrigated farming, small parcels of land for farmers, lack of legal documents on ownership of land. The ways forward for the challenges are; environmental conservation, government should expedite legal documentation of land, motivation to farmers on irrigated farming, financial support, and formation of co-operative societies. The study finally concludes that government should put more efforts on irrigated agriculture to ensure food security.
Page(s): 110-116 Date of Publication: 27 November 2021
Members of the Boko Haram sect have a preference for the Arabic name Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati Wal-Jihad which means “People committed to the propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings and Jihad”. This insurgent group is alleged to have been founded in Maiduguri, the capital city of Borno State, in the North East of Nigeria. It is however argued that the sect is one of the bloodiest militant groups in the world which has continuously targeted both civilian and non-civilian citizens and has constantly inflicted devastating mayhem on the people of the north-eastern Nigeria. With over a decade-long of conflict in that region and its devastating effects in terms of loss of human lives, destruction of properties and infrastructure as well as economic loss, one then begins to doubt the possibility, certainty, practicability, and efficiency of peacebuilding in that conflict-torn society. This paper thus proposes a more tactical and pragmatic approach towards peacebuilding in a conflict-torn society by going beyond reconstructive peacebuilding,
Page(s): 117-123 Date of Publication: 27 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51107Page(s): 124-135 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has revolutionized the media industry. It has transformed information gathering and dissemination in Radio Production. This study examines the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by professional of Bauchi Radio Corporation (BRC). The objective of the study was to identify the various areas of application of Information & Communication technology (ICT) resources in Bauchi Radio Corporation. Survey design was adopted for the study using personal interview (focus group) and the data collected was qualitative. The survey revealed that ICTs have been widely applied in Radio production by professional at Bauchi Radio Corporation (BRC).133 sample size was used in the study. The recommendation of this study include making fund available to upgrade ICT facilities and digitalized equipment’s should be made available to Bauchi Radio Corporation (BRC).
Page(s): 136-141 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
Understanding how technology investments create business value is a research priority in today’s technology-intensive world. Building on this distinction, this quantitative analysis reveals that marketing technology impacts market person performance directly when used as a customer relationship tool. In contrast, it has a perfectly mediated impact when used for internal coordination purposes. To unleash its real potential, marketing technology should be designed to enable customer relationships rather than being perceived as a cost cutting tool. In addition, the motivational structure for using sales technology differs between two MFA-use dimensions. While the customer relationship dimension is driven by factors that trigger voluntary usage, the internal coordination dimension is predominantly explained by factors imposed from outside. Management should not impose technology usage. Rather, they should support self-initiating factors that stimulate technology usage for improving customer relationships. Combining upstream research focusing on the drivers of MFA-usage with downstream research shedding light on its performance impact, the study offers important implications for maximizing the pay-back from MFA-technology investments.
Page(s): 142-155 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
Page(s): 156-161 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51108The turn of a single page is the beginning of knowledge. Reading is known as one of the most vital skills that a person should have. The aim of this descriptive qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the learning experiences of Frustrated -Level Readers in the implementation of self-learning modules. Insights, opinions and ideas were sought from ten (10) Grade 8 students through Key Informant Interview. Responses were recorded, transcribed, coded analyzed, and categorized into themes. Six emergent themes were generated, namely: (1) Increasing reading comprehension (2) Providing Filipino-English Dictionary (3) Enhancing interest in reading (4) Repeated reading (5) Acquiring support from teachers and parents (6) Providing supplemental learning resources. Findings revealed that the most challenging experiences met by the Frustrated -level Readers are the lack of comprehension and insufficient learning resources. With these findings, the school administrator and reading teachers should provide necessary learning strategies and supplementary resources to increase reading comprehension.
Page(s): 162-166 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51109The conflict in Somalia presents a typical example of crisis where sometimes the international response is at odd with the wishes of local administration and community. Whereas debate on the most appropriate and sustainable approach to resolving complex conflict like the one in Somalia continues, Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) has emerged as a key determinant of successful peacekeeping operation. Whereas the scope of activities under the rubric of CIMIC is this article analyzed SSR carried out by AMISOM troops in Kismayo District of Somalia from year 2011 to 2020 as a thematic area of security enhancement. The study was anchored on liberal peacebuilding, state building and democratization theories. The target population of the study included residents of Kismayo district entailing community leaders, humanitarian workers, civil society, Jubbaland Security Forces (JSF) and AMISOM troops operating in the district. Onwuegbuzie and Collins (2007) typology of determining sample size in social science research was used to arrive at a sample size of 200 respondents. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews guide and Focused Group Discussions guide. Secondary data was sourced from published books, e-books, journals, reports, newsletters and conference papers. Collected data was grouped, corroborated, and presented using both quantitative and the qualitative research techniques in themes corresponding the objectives of the study. The study found out that 97% of Kismayo residents felt that AMISOM CIMIC program had reduced conflicts in the district, 83% felt that the security sector was effective in ensuring security and safety of the population. The study also found that demobilization, disarmament and reintegration CIMIC program had reduced chances of violent clashes in Kismayo by 89% chance. Al-Shabaab terror gang continued to threaten the peace efforts in Kismayo. The study recommends that more donor funding be channeled to Federal Governments of Somalia so that they develop strong security sector capable of defeating peace spoilers such as Al-Shabaab.
Page(s): 167-177 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51112Page(s): 178-186 Date of Publication: 28 November 2021
Page(s): 187-195 Date of Publication: 29 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51113The development of any nation exclusively depends on effective participation of her indigenous skilled technical manpower accessible for enhancing the quality of life of her citizenry. This state of affairs can be attained by improvement on the infrastructures and facilities in institution of learning with the aim of exposing students’ for labour market. Thus this will enable students after graduation to participate and tackle the needs of the industries. This paper therefore was designed to look at an analysis and application of Charles Allen Prosser’s theories for functional and quality technical and vocational education in Nigeria. In accordance with the concept of lifelong education, one of the major roles of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) is to develop individuals with high technical skills as desired in the industries in this present technological age. This paper discussed exhaustively the conceptual clarification of technical and vocational education, brief history of Charles Allen Prosser’s, Charles Prosser’s philosophy defined, an analysis of Charles Allen Prosser’s theories and implications in TVE, In addition, Charles Allen Prosser’s for functional and quality TVE, relevant of Prosser’s theories in TVE. Obviously, Prosser’s life was dedicated to the promotion of technical and vocational education programmes and inculcation of similar principles into the curriculum. Thus it was recommended that the government should build functionary workshops, laboratories and libraries to enhance the teaching and learning in technical and tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Also, the government should train qualified teachers and experts to operate the complex machines and equipment. Consequently, every technical and vocational educator responsible for programmes of instruction, should uphold the Prosser’s theories for functional and quality technical and vocational education. They should endeavour to make serious efforts to implement them in teaching and learning practical in the workshop(s). This could provide self-employment, job creation among the youths as well as promote sustainable technological development of the nation.
Page(s): 196-207 Date of Publication: 29 November 2021
Teacher educators in Colleges of Education in Nigeria are expected to be proficient in using ICT resources available in their colleges to facilitate and enhance their students learning and creativity. However, there is no indication that vocational teacher educators (VTEs) are equipped with the necessary ICT competencies and resources for effective delivery of instruction to vocational teacher trainees. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the proficiency of Agriculture and Business teacher educators (ABTEs) on ICT competency standard of instruction and the availability of ICT resources for effective instruction delivery in Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria. To achieve this goal, 2 research questions were generated and 1 null hypothesis was formulated. The study adopted a Descriptive design using the survey method. The population for the study was 298 made up of 145 agriculture and 153 Business teacher educators from Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria. All the ABTEs were studied as no sampling was done. A 76-item structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 268 (89.9%) copies of the questionnaire were correctly filled and analyzed, using mean to answer the research questions and t-test for testing the hypothesis. Results showed that the ABTEs expressed moderate proficiency (M=3.11; SD=0.98) in all the 54 ICT competency standards. ICT resources such as television, microcomputer and radio were available, while ICT resources such as interactive television, electronic drawing system and different software were unavailable for instruction delivery. This paper concluded that the moderate proficiency in ICT competency standards of instruction expressed by the ABTEs is indicative of their readiness and capability to use ICT resources for effective instruction if the resources are made generally available in the classrooms. This paper recommended that the management of the various Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria and relevant agencies involved in teacher educators’ capacity building such as Tetfund, NCC should organize in-service training programmes and workshops for ABTEs to acquire the requisite proficiency on ICT competency standards of instruction based on the identified proficiency gaps.
Page(s): 208-215 Date of Publication: 29 November 2021
Page(s): 216-221 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
This book helps in a better understanding on the increasing mobility in Asian Pacific Higher Education and formats of migration through education exchange. It was written by long-time experts and researchers in the area, which makes readers can see examples clearly. There are three parts to the structure. The first part includes chapters 1-2, which are about creating a conceptual framework and theory. The second part includes chapters 3-12, which are about case studies in each country. The last part is in chapter 13, which is a knowledge summary in the overall picture. The detail of each chapter is as follow:
Page(s): 222-224 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51114This study aimed to determine the supervision of the Environmental Service of Central Sulawesi Province in managing waste at Undata Palu Hospital. This type of research is descriptive, with the number of informants as many as 13 people, which is determined using the purposive technique. The data analysis method uses three steps: data condensation, presenting data (data display) and drawing conclusions or verification (conclusion drawing and verification). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the supervision of hospital waste management by the Central Sulawesi Environmental Service had not run optimally, this was due to the limited number of human resources, and the competence of the supervisory officers from the Central Sulawesi Environmental Service was still limited. In terms of the equipment owned by the Central Sulawesi Environmental Service, the laboratory equipment for testing the validity of the data is still incomplete and operational vehicles are still limited in number and the lack of budget owned by the Central Sulawesi Environmental Service because each year the budget obtained is still minimal. Schedule The implementation of control carried out by the Central Sulawesi Environmental Service is still not optimal, where in the last three years, regular (scheduled) monitoring has no longer been carried out, only reports in the form of documents on the implementation of environmental management are used as a reference for the Environment Agency in monitoring The performance of hospitals in managing their waste, this happened because after the disaster that hit Palu City at the end of 2018 ago, the implementation of supervision could not be carried out maximally, because the activities of institutions, both hospitals and the Environmental Service, were still focused on improving the facilities and infrastructure of the agency.
Page(s): 225-233 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51115Page(s): 234-241 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51116Teacher professional development is directly related to student educational achievements. School-based teacher development programmes in Sri Lanka have been implemented at the school level recently. The study aimed to find out the status of awareness about SBTD and the participation of teachers in the SBTD programme. In addition, it also aimed to identify the nature of activities done in schools under the SBTD programme. The study employed a survey research design and the collected data from a sample of 48 teachers selected randomly from Mathugama Education Zone in Sri Lanka. Frequency and percentage used for analysis for data. Data analysis showed that teachers in the zone were aware of the school-based development and its various activities implemented at their schools. However, there was a lack of teacher participation in some activities where teachers might get hands-on experiences related to their profession. Therefore, the researchers recommended that school principals ensure teachers’ involvement in the SBTD activities by finding out the reasons behind the lack of participation.
Page(s): 242-245 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51117This study defined academic performance as the ability of school going girls to execute class work and other related curricular tasks timely, exhaustively and satisfactorily after a successful learning and teaching experience. It sought to bring out the difficulties that were faced by girls in Menstrual Hygiene Management through the effects Menstrual Hygiene Management has on girls’ participation in school and how supportive to Menstrual Hygiene Management the selected Secondary Schools were. The study was a descriptive case study. It was qualitative in nature. Sample size was 48; 45 girls and 03 guidance and counseling teachers from 03 secondary schools. Simple random sampling was used with girls while extreme case sampling was used with Guidance and Counseling teachers. Data collection was done using questionnaires, interview guides and observation checklist. From the point of view of the definition of academic performance used, the study concluded that MHM had negative effects on the academic performance of the girls. The difficulties brought about by inadequacies in facilities for MHM reduced attendance of the girls, impaired participation rendering the schools MHM unsupportive. The study recommends that the schools access and adhere to the MHM National Guidelines to help reduce inequity arising from poor MHM and consequently improve the academic performance of the girls. Furthermore, the stakeholders are requested to explore the possibility of making the distribution of sanitary towels to school going girls a must. It further recommends that the making of reusable sanitary towels be taught to the learners as part of curricular and co-curricular engagement.
Page(s): 246-251 Date of Publication: 30 November 2021
Page(s): 252-258 Date of Publication: 01 December 2021
Physical education (PE) programs ensure that students continue to receive health and fitness and this can improve their academic proficiency. But, the implementation of PE is inhibited by many barriers key among them being teachers’ perception. Notably a PE teacher perception may play a role on how their attitudes, confidence and ultimately behavior towards PE implementation are shaped. This could result in regarding PE as a non-important activity that acts as a means of compensating for other academic work. This study sought to investigate the extent to which PE is being implemented in public primary schools,. The study was guided by the covariation model. The sample consisted of 13 public primary schools and 162 teachers. Cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed to conduct the study. The research instruments used were questionnaire for the teachers, interview guide for the head teachers and PE panel chairperson and an observation checklist. Data collection was done by self administration of the questionnaire. Face to face Interviews for the head teachers and PE panel chairpersons were conducted at their convenient time and the researcher used the observation checklist to ascertain PE activities in schools. Quantitative data was coded and summarized into means, frequencies and percentages with the help of SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences). Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions on the questionnaire, interview guide and observation checklist was summarized into themes as they emerged from the responses and presented in a narrative form. The study revealed that PE implementation is low in public primary schools, Recommendations made include: The Ministry of education through the QASO to device ways of visiting schools so as to advice and direct teachers on the methodologies to use so as to implement PE as prescribed in the syllabus, organize seminars and workshops for teachers at the county level so as to enable the teachers update their knowledge and skills on PE teaching. The Ministry of education and the curriculum developers should infuse in the primary school syllabus PE competitions and award the pupils who do well in these activities as well as promoting the teachers involved as this can influence the perception of teachers. The government should put up special schools meant to teach sports and other talents discovered in children.
Page(s): 259-263 Date of Publication: 01 December 2021
Page(s): 264-269 Date of Publication: 02 December 2021
Page(s): 270-274 Date of Publication: 01 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51118The purpose of this paper is to examine a few sample data on the impact of quality of work life on organizational commitment with the mediating effect of job embeddedness in higher institutions of learning in Taraba State, Nigeria. A survey research was conducted with some questionnaire distributed. Thus, content and face validity, reliability and data normality are considered, after analyzing the data some items that correlated low with other items were deleted, in whichthe reliability of the scale is improved. The result showed that the Cronbach’s Alpha is above the minimum threshold,It is therefore concluded that the items are reliable for future research and it is recommended that the items can be used for future studies.
Page(s): 275-281 Date of Publication: 01 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51119Organizations establish systems of internal control to help them achieve performance and organizational goals, prevent loss of resources, enable production of reliable reports and ensure compliance with laws and regulations. Despite the commendable progress, limited funding from the national government is constraining the ability of the County governments to fulfill their mandate. According to annual County Government Budget report of 2019 lack of proper accounting systems and poor county-level oversight has consistently encouraged abuse of the allocated public funds, delaying the quality of service and the county governments’ overall performance. This study investigated the effect of control environment on the management of public funds in Busia County, Kenya. This study employed a descriptive research design. The target population for this study was the County government of Busia. A total of 54 respondents participated in the study comprising of 10 finance officers and 44 support staff from the department of accounting and finance of the County. A census of 54 respondents was carried out. The study used primary data that was collected using questionnaires. Questionnaires were piloted to 5 respondents to assess the validity and reliability of the research instruments. In addition to that these respondents were not included in the final data collection process. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and presented in form of tables and figures where applicable. The study further carried out inferential statistics that included correlation analysis and multiple regressions to determine the relationship between variables. The study found that control environment, control activities, internal audit and risk assessment had a positive and significant relationship with the management of public funds in Busia County, Kenya. The study concludes that the degree to which people know that they will be held accountable has a big impact on the control environment and control environment in the County are carried out with the help of accountability. The study recommends that the County should create effective control environment so that it may improve its efficiency in delivering value and meeting its strategic goals.
Page(s): 282-287 Date of Publication: 01 December 2021
Introduction Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. PIH affects about 6 – 10% of pregnancies around the world, however, hypertension and proteinuria which exist in preeclampsia are present in 2-8% of all pregnancies. High maternal mortality rate can be linked to inadequate knowledge, negative attitude and poor perception on gestational hypertension in pregnancy among pregnant women. This study determined the knowledge, attitudes and perception of pregnant women towards gestational hypertension in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos state. Methodology This study employed a descriptive cross sectional study design. A total sampling technique was used to select 160 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State. The Instrument for this study was a structured researcher administered questionnaire which was divided into 5 sections. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22). Data was analyzed to give descriptive statistics (percentage and frequencies) and inferential statistics (correlation analysis). The level of significance used was 0.05. Result About (50.6%) of the respondents were between the ages of 21-25 years, 63.1% had secondary education while 75.6% were married. Almost half (48.8%) were civil servants while majority (75.6%) earned more than ₦20,000. Most (75.0%) of the respondents had good level of knowledge on gestational hypertension and (54.4%) had poor attitude towards prevention of gestational hypertension. More also, more than half of the respondents (55.0%) had good perception towards prevention of gestational hypertension. Furthermore, hypothesis result showed a significant correlation between history of gestational hypertension and predisposing factors (Knowledge r = 0.963, p = 0.000), (Attitude r = 0.327, p = 0.000). and (perception r = -0.199, p = 0.012). Conclusion Gestational hypertension in pregnancy has remained as one of the world’s most important health problem. Pregnancy is one of the most important periods of a woman, a family and a society. However, complications during pregnancy especially hypertension have negative effect on the woman and child birth which is the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age.
Page(s): 288-294 Date of Publication: 02 December 2021
Peer reviewing of examinations at assessment design stage is a sustainable approach for quality. The objective of peer reviewing is to identify deficiencies which can potentially adulterate the validity, reliability and integrity of assessments. Before COVID-19 pandemic, higher learning institutions in Zambia, using the traditional paper-based examinations, provided flowing evidence of peer reviewing of examinations. The objective of this study was to find out whether universities peer reviewed electronic examinations. This study was conducted between May and August, 2021. 15 participants were purposively sampled from 2 private universities and 1 public university in Zambia. Using the single- interview per participant data collection method, this study found that peer reviewing of electronic examinations was not being done in all the 3 institutions of higher learning- no independent review for spelling deficiencies, poor wording, unclear verbs, confusing sentence structure, unbalanced number of questions testing students’ level of cognition, repetitions and other deficiencies that compromise reliability, validity and integrity of assessments was done before examinations were administered to students. This study recommends that Higher Education Authority (HEA) develop assessment standard guidelines for setting and moderating examinations for universities and other tertiary institutions. The study also recommends mandatory Professional Development conferences and seminars on peer review techniques of online exams for all academic staff in universities and other learning institutions.
Page(s): 295-299 Date of Publication: 02 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51120Page(s): 300-311 Date of Publication: 02 December 2021
Page(s): 312-324 Date of Publication: 03 December 2021
Among the countries, with the highest number of days of full school closures, Bangladesh is in third position in worldwide and first in the Asian countries caused by Covid-19. And Bangladesh is in the 28th position where children are at moderate or high risk of drop out from education. Therefore, the foremost purpose of this study is to explore the theories of school dropout to find out the underlying factors of drop out for the children during prolonged school closer due to outbreak of Covid-19 in Bangladesh. Based on the study of BRAC, this study exhibits the current scenario of education during Covid-19, Students’ spending time during lockdown, rate and causes not for participating in distance learning in Bangladesh. This study also explores the dropout theories which are Finn’s developmental theory of high school dropout, structural strains theory, Tinto’s theory of institutional departure, academic mediation theory. This study observed that some of the factors which are particularly relevant to school dropout in online/distance education system.
Page(s): 325-330 Date of Publication: 03 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51121The health of financial institutions in Nigeria at any point in time revolves around the policies enacted by regulatory authorities. Furthermore, other factors that militate against ability of the regulatory authorities are political interference, instability, corruption and inconsistent monetary and fiscal policies. Interestingly, Nigeria introduced the Tax and Fiscal Law amendments bill (The Finance Act 2020) to address obsolete tax laws and align these laws with global best practices. This study did an appraisal of the implication of the Finance Act 2020 on the stability of banks in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design, a nonprobability judgment sample of 127 participants who are employees of 5 deposit money banks in Jos, the Plateau state capital. These bank employees responded to a re-validated 5 points Likert scale questionnaire. Data were analysed using quantitative techniques of spearman ranking correlation with aid of SPSSv25 to test the hypotheses. Results of statistical data analyses showed that CGTA Reform has significant effect on bank stability; CITA Reform has significant effect bank stability; and VATA Reform has significant effect on bank stability. The study concluded that a probable cause of the statistically significant positive relationships among the variables is the enormous potential benefits that comes with the reformed tax laws. The study recommended that some provisions of the Finance Act should be clear enough for individuals to understand tax laws, corporate taxes should be reduced to encourage corporate investment and then lastly it recommended that fiscal authorities should expand its VAT exempt list to include some services provided by banks in Nigeria which would ensure bank stability in Nigeria.
Page(s): 331-341 Date of Publication: 03 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51122Page(s): 342-345 Date of Publication: 03 December 2021
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of customer relationship marketing on customer retention in some selected hotels in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study drew the population from the customers of the selected hotels in Enugu Metropolis to understand the factors that makes them to be retained in the industry. Data was generated from 200 customers out of which 173 copies of the structured questionnaire were returned and qualified for use. The analytical tools used for the study comprises of; simple tables, percentages, simple regression and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20). The results obtained from the study revealed that customer care, affordable service, quality services, and customer satisfaction used as sub-variables for customer relationship marketing have positive and significant effects on customer retention in the hospitality industry in Enugu metropolis. Based on the findings, the study recommended to the management of the selected hotels in the industry to deliver consistent, reliable and dependable services to their customers to gain customers trust, understanding, confidence, patronage and willingness to ensure that customers’ needs are met during and after the services are delivered. The ability to retain customers depend on the past experience gained by customers after using the firm’s services. Also, the firms should provide adequate and better communication networks that will enable them to collect and handle all complaints arising from product use, develop and maintain effective and efficient after sale services to ensure periodic calls, and visit to keep customers informed of new offers and benefits, and consistently re-evaluate performance against standard to ensure that all promises made during the transaction are fulfilled. Customers are assets to every business organization and getting them satisfied after service use makes them to be retained and loyal to the organization.
Page(s): 346-353 Date of Publication: 03 December 2021
Page(s): 354-365 Date of Publication: 04 December 2021
This study promotes the belief that Africa’s local electoral democracy is rooted more in an ideology of centralism and hegemonic desires of the higher tiers’ political elites over local administration. In this study, we contend that the local electoral democracy across Africa is in a state of crisis, producing practices at variance with the philosophy of Western liberal democracy which the continent pretends to imitate. Utilizing the political culture theory, the study’s argument is anchored on the evidence that the process of local electoral democracy across Africa rather emanates from an espoused political culture dictated by a desired centralizing ethos and inclinations of dominance of the local government by the higher political authorities, especially the state/provincial level. Its methodological construct is akin to the descriptive phenomenological qualitative research design. By analyzing observed experiences and documentary data using the qualitative content analysis approach, we contemplate the ingrained philosophy behind local electoral democracy in Africa as different from the idealistic sense of the democratic theory. The study’s findings accentuate the thesis that the actual African philosophy of local electoral democracy is not rooted in the ethos of Western liberal democracy, and thus democracy is largely lacking in African local government areas.
Page(s): 366-375 Date of Publication: 04 December 2021
Waste generation in public markets have built up rapidly due to economic and population development which have resulted to harm the environment. This study was undertaken to determine the socio-demographic profile of market vendors specifically in terms of age, gender, civil status and ethnic origin, the adaption of reduce, reuse, and recycle of respondent’s base on socio-demographic profile, the problems encountered in solid waste management and the significant relationship between demographic profiles of the respondents. The study was accomplished through the use of quantitative method in a correlational research design. A sample of 150 respondents in Santa Cruz Public Market, Davao del Sur were identified as the primary source of information through the use of total enumeration sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data which was developed by constructing a three part form, (1) demographic profile, (2) adaption of reduce, reuse, recycle (3R’s), (3) problems encountered in solid waste management. Data gathered from the survey were analyzed by the use of the following statistical tools mainly; mean, relative frequency, standard deviation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result showed that most of the respondents were female, 38-47 years of age, single, Cebuano in nature and been actively engaged in business operation for 5-15 years. Most of the respondents prefer to adapt the reduce practice followed by recycle and least was reuse. Furthermore, data showed that adaption to 3R practice varies on the demographic profile of the respondents. Highest age group who often adapt the 3R practices were from 48-57 years old (4.23), least were from the ages 28-37 years old (3.37) who tend to adapt sometimes. Based on the data, highest gender who often adapt the 3R practices were male (4.17) over female (3.64). In terms of civil status, separated (4.50) respondents denotes the highest to adapt the 3R practices and least were widow (3.28). Results also revealed that in terms of ethnic origin highest to adapt the 3R practices were the Tagalog (4.55) and least were Chinese (1). Highest to adapt the 3R practice in terms of number of years in business operation were 1-4 years (4.15) and least were 16-25 years (3.40). Accordingly, most common problems encountered involved in the storage facility sanitation, improper segregation, storing and disposal and inadequacy of storage facility as well as segregation. Most common solid waste respondents chose to reduce, reuse, and recycle were plastics and least were metals. Hence, the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between demographic profile and its solid waste management. On the basis of these findings, the researcher suggested that the Local Government of Santa Cruz must develop an effective and efficient policy that can aid local implementation of waste minimization and conforms to the national law. Utilization of funds for public market maintenance, trainings, seminars and sanitation projects must be prioritize.
Page(s): 376-388 Date of Publication: 04 December 2021
Page(s): 389-396 Date of Publication: 04 December 2021
By using a Shatter Belt Theory as a conceptual framework and a qualitative analysis, this research attempts to answer the question if a new shatter-belt region is in the making as a result of the growing connection between the Nile water politics, the geo politics of the Horn of Africa and presence of foreign powers in the Nile-Horn Region. A Shatter Belt Theory provides the opportunity to critically expound various patterns of interactions within a certain region that is endowed with plentiful natural resources, has geostrategic importance, gulped in interstate and intrastate conflicts and when these fundamental reasons cumulatively make the region prone to a number of interventions by both regional, extra-regional and global powers. This research concludes that the Nile-Horn region has all the core elements that all Shatter Belt regions have. The abundant water resources and other natural resources it has; its strategic importance; the multi-dimensional conflicts among states and within the states; as well as the pervasiveness of intervention from regional and extra-regional states all make this Region quite similar with its neighboring shatter belt regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Hence, the Nile-Horn fits to be called a shatter belt region.
Page(s): 397-403 Date of Publication: 04 December 2021
Page(s): 404-412 Date of Publication: 06 December 2021
Every academic institution’s goal is to produce competent and highly qualified graduates that can eventually be competitive in a local and global arena. A graduate tracer study is a very powerful tool that can provide valuable information for evaluating the whereabouts and performance of the graduates in the workplace. This study aimed to keep track of all the scholars who were graduates of the UM Panabo College by utilizing the GTS (Graduate Tracer Study) of Commission on Higher Education. Results revealed that most of the graduates were in their early 20s and have just recently graduated from the university. Furthermore, they were able to find a job through someone they knew. Most of the graduates have jobs related to their respective degree programs of which their courses are readily available in the host institution. All of them are currently employed in the Philippines with regular/permanent status. Majority of them stays in the job because of its relevance to their field of specialization. It is notable that almost of the competencies were useful in their first job. Thus, there should be career enhancement for the graduates of the institution.
Page(s): 413-421 Date of Publication: 06 December 2021
In low and middle-income countries, family-caregivers of patients with schizophrenia are usually the ones who seek aid for schizophrenic patients. Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia may seek assistance from health facilities for a variety of reasons. The goal of this study was to find out what factors influence family-caregivers of schizophrenia patients requesting treatment. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional research with family caregivers of schizophrenia patients was conducted. As many as 162 respondents were chosen using a systematic random selection procedure. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data on respondents’ characteristics and their help-seeking behavior. Findings: The range of age was between 40 to 65 years old. More than half were female (54.3%), married (61.1%), lower education level (66.7%), unemployed (64.2%), lower income (59.9%), and lived in the rural area (58%). Statistical analysis found several variables associated with help-seeking behavior, including gender, education, income, previous treatment, and residence (p<0.05).
Page(s): 422-424 Date of Publication: 06 December 2021
Page(s): 425-431 Date of Publication: 06 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51124The study sought to establish problem solving strategies that can improve problem solving skills in Calculus among the Grade 12 Learners’ in Selected Secondary Schools in Zambia. The study employed a qualitative study approach, which followed a case study design. Hundred teachers (n=100) and two-hundred and fifty (n=250) Grade 12 learners from ten (n=10) public secondary schools making a total sample size of three-hundred and fifty (n=350) of Lusaka province, Zambia, participated. The sampling techniques employed were purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews are said to be the best way to collect data because it helps the researcher to have feelings, opinions, gestures, tone of voice, reactions, attitudes, views, and are useful in gathering in-depth data. Audio recordings were used to capture interviews, respectively, in their totality. The collected data was analyzed using qualitative techniques. Qualitative data was organized into themes and analyzed using narratives and direct quotations of the respondents’ views, experiences and information. The study established that having pre-requisite knowledge in appropriate mathematics topics like Indices, Functions, Coordinate Geometry, Algebra (fractions, factorisation of quadratic expressions and equations), understanding the language of Calculus questions, understanding the development of Calculus formulas, and introducing Calculus symbols in early grades can improve Grade 12 learner’s problem solving skills in Calculus. The study therefore, recommended that applications of basic concepts in earlier grades should be consolidated and revised on an on-going basis. Teachers should focus on the development of the formulas and introducing calculus symbols in early grades. The study further recommended that teachers should also be carrying out a diagnostic assessment to determine what learners know about pre-calculus topics such as Indices, Factorization, and Algebraic Fractions before learners are taught Calculus.
Page(s): 432-438 Date of Publication: 06 December 2021
Page(s): 439-448 Date of Publication: 07 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51125This research article argues that a peaceful settlement of the conflict in Tigray is crucial for the continuation of the peace process, and is decisively linked with the attainment of sustainable peace between Eritrea and Ethiopia. For the conflict has an intra-state and inter-state dimension, any would be solution has for all intents and purposes to be an all-inclusive and sustainable. The TPLF has become ‘mutually exclusive’ with all participants in the conflict namely the Federal Government of Ethiopia, the Amhara Regional State Government as well as the Government of the State of Eritrea. By identifying the genesis, development and the substantive reasons for the continuation of the conflict, this research concludes that the preconditions for sustainable peace are unfortunately missing.
Page(s): 449-455 Date of Publication: 07 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51126The study investigates the impact of public spending on poverty reduction in Nigeria using time series data from 1980-2019.Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been used to achieve the objectives of this study. The cointegration test reveals there is long run relationship among the variables used in the study. The normalized cointegration result further reveals that government total expenditure has significant impact on poverty. GDP and private investment have positive effects on poverty while inflation has negative impact on poverty. The study recommendations include the following among others: embezzlement of public funds and corruption should be tackled, GDP should be fairly dist ributed for it to have impact on poverty and measures should be put in place to curb inflationary pressure. Lastly unnecessary expenditures should be shortened and focus should be on expenditure that increases economic growth and reduces poverty.
Page(s): 456-461 Date of Publication: 07 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51127Page(s): 462-471 Date of Publication: 07 December 2021
Microfinance is hailed as a tool for poverty alleviation and is one of the major strategies to achieve poverty reduction especially among women. This is because access to financial services assist poor households in meeting their basic financial needs, protects them against risks, and reduces their vulnerability to shocks, by building assets. Prof Mohammed Yunus of Bangladesh developed a framework for Microfinance approach to community development with a pilot group lending scheme for the landless people and this later became the Grameen Bank which currently serves millions of clients out of which about 94% of them are women. This approach has become a model for many countries. The Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) views microfinance as a mechanism for providing financial services to the poor who are traditionally not served by the conventional financial institutions. This research examined the impact of micro finance on women in Katsina Ala Local Government Area of Benue state. This research was based on a primary source of data obtained from a survey using structured questionnaires administered to 200 women that were randomly selected through their various associations. An empirical review was done to establish the potency of microfinance in other societies. Secondary source of data obtained from previous similar studies was also used to strengthen the study. Descriptive statistics ofsimple percentages was adopted as the method of analysis to establish how micro finance impacted the socio-economic wellbeing of the women. The study revealed that women who had access to microfinance from Lift Above Poverty organization and Better Life microfinance institutions esperienced significant growth in their businesses and improvements in their socio-economic wellbeing as compared to those that had no access. The study also established that the repayment process appeared too demanding for the women. The paper recommends that the repayment process should be made less demanding for the women by spreading the payments into a longer duration so as to reduce the pressure of repayment and massive sensitization should be carried out for more women to know of the availability and gains of the facility and its benefits to overcoming financial insecurity
Page(s): 472-481 Date of Publication: 07 December 2021
Page(s): 482-491 Date of Publication: 08 December 2021
In the Ghanaian society, many high school students are ignorant of the various forms of contraceptive methods available and how they are effectively used, despite significant numbers being sexually active. This study sought to investigate the perception of high school students towards the use of contraceptive in the Effutu Municipality. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to sample sixty (60) students from two SHS schools in the municipality as well as six (6) teachers who were patrons of reproductive health clubs from the participating schools, four (4) staffs from the family planning and reproductive health units of the Trauma Specialist Hospital, and the Municipal Hospital and also ten (10) persons identified as pharmacists, health assistants or counter assistants in drugs stores, chemical shop and pharmacies within the study area were also interviewed. A self-administered questionnaire was used in obtaining data on the perception of students. The results showed that male student had a positive perception of contraceptives and their use as against females. Again, findings from the study indicated misperceptions tended to cloud the judgment of adolescents towards contraceptives, thus serving as a barrier to the use of contraceptives. From the study it was recommended that an adolescent friendly facilities be established across the country to help adolescents make informed choices pertaining to sex and their reproductive health.
Page(s): 492-496 Date of Publication: 08 December 2021
This study explored the impact of money politics on good governance in Southwest Nigeria (2011-2019). Five research questions were framed while one hypothesis was formulated and tested for the study. From a population of 38,257,260 a sample of 400 respondents was drawn using the stratified sampling technique. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. One instrument was utilized for the study. The questionnaire was a 27-item Money Politics and Good Governance Questionnaire (MPGGQ). The reliability of the MPGGQ was obtained using Crombach’s Alpha which yielded coefficient alpha value of 0.74. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation was used for data analysis while Chi-square statistics was used to test the research hypothesis. The study found that: money politics impacts highly on good governance in Southwest Nigeria between 2011 and 2019, money politics impacts highly on the emergence of people’s choice of political leadership in Southwest Nigeria. Also, money politics impacts highly on the electoral system in the Southwest between 2011 and 2019 and have negative consequences on good governance. The extent money politics affected performance in office in the Southwest between 2011 and 2019 is high. Money/godfatherism, poverty, corruption and impunity, weak electoral body, deceit by politicians, desperation to win at all cost and weak electoral framework are the major causes of money politics in Southwest Nigeria. The paper concludes that Money politics has obliterated the political process in the Southwest states of Nigeria and has impacted negatively on good governance. Money politics also impacted negatively on good governance and abuse of political office because the political office holders. The study among others recommends that until the regulatory agencies responsible for monitoring of elections and sanctioning of offenders improve their efforts in minimizing excessive use of money in politics of Southwest Nigeria, it will continue to produce incompetent leaders and this will lead to bad governance and abuse of power as well as misuse of state resources for private gain.
Page(s): 497-507 Date of Publication: 08 December 2021
Page(s): 508-517 Date of Publication: 08 December 2021
Education levels world over are used as a measure of determining a potential employees job performance abilities. Unfortunately little research has been done to establish the effect of legislators’ education levels on their performance, yet there has been clamor for university education to be used as a pre-requisite for any one running for a representative position. The main purpose of this study was therefore aimed at establishing the effect of legislators’ education levels on their constituency service. The study used CDF as the measure of constituency service and utilized secondary data obtained from parliament and the National Association of Taxpayers. The study findings showed that the legislators’ levels of education didn’t have effect on their constituency service as far as CDF utilization ranking is concerned. In the first and second phase of ranking the legislators who didn’t have a bachelor’s degree were ranked better in CDF utilization compared to those who had at least a bachelor’s degree. It’s only in the third and fourth phases of the CDF rankings that those with at least a bachelor’s degree were ranked well than their counterparts without a bachelor’s degree. The study then comes to an end with a number of recommendations and suggestions for further research work to broaden the sphere of knowledge in this scholarly area of research.
Page(s): 518-528 Date of Publication: 08 December 2021
Page(s): 529-533 Date of Publication: 09 December 2021
The role of pedagogy in transmitting preventive skills necessary for mitigating teenage pregnancies is usually sacrificed at the behest sociological and psychological curative and reactive measures. It is however permissible to entertain critical and philosophical preventive pedagogical procedures that are heavily hinged on the theory of man’s capacity to think efficaciously. This article therefore purposed to examine the implications of liberative pedagogical dispositions in solving teenage pregnancy in schools. The article appeals to the implications of Freirian pedagogical dispositions in addressing teenage pregnancy and the implications of Deweyian pedagogical principles in mitigating teenage pregnancy. The article employed critical Method of Philosophical investigation. The study points that if teenage pregnancy is to be addressed in a more permanent and humanized way, then educators must embrace Pedagogical balance, Pedagogical humanization, Emotional intelligence, experiential pedagogy, Problematization of pedagogy, Engaged Pedagogy and Democratic pedagogies. These forms of pedagogies are hinged on the concept of Educere-(Latin for bringing out-leading out). Educerean conception of education posits that pedagogy is a catalyst for the unfolding the latent powers within a learner. The latent experiential and cognitive powers are not only the best way of addressing teenage pregnancy from a liberative perspective but it is also philosophically sound. Operational Definitions Pedagogy: It is the art and science of transmitting knowledge, skills or attitudes. In this paper pedagogical orientation inclines towards learner centered transmissions. Liberative pedagogies: Steps or action taken to setindividuals free from oppressive environments Teenage pregnancy: (Adolescent pregnancy) can be described as a conception by any female who is less than 19 years of age at the end of the pregnancy (WHO, 2004). Critical pedagogy: Refers to methods and principles laid down for teaching children on careful and serious multi-sectoral approaches for instance mitigating teenage pregnancy Humanizing Pedagogy: Instructional orientation that bring out latent human capabilities of the individual learner
Page(s): 534-537 Date of Publication: 09 December 2021
Most studies have shown that gender mainstreaming in South Sudan has not been well undertaken this is due to lack of working policy or lack of policy implementation. While expansive body of literature has explored the implications of gender disparities in South Sudan, none has been published on the impact National Gender Policy full implementation. This study aims at assessing the implementation of South Sudan National Gender Policy in Jubek State, South Sudan. The study was guided by three objectives namely; to identify the gender gaps in the National gender Policy as a step towards achieving gender equality in Jubek state in gender mainstreaming in Jubek State; and to determine stakeholders’ achievement in a national gender policy in Jubek State. The study employed a stand point theory. A population of 350 government officials and members of the public in the Jubek State targeted in the study with a randomly selected sample of 105 respondents. Members of the public responded to questionnaire while Government Officials to respond to both interview guide questionnaire. The aim of the study was to assess this strategies that help in the implementation of Gender policy in all government Ministries. The study employed descriptive and inferential analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and data presented by Charts and tables. The study further revealed that despite the existence of South Sudan National Gender Policy its implementation is still a not clear since the general public is not even aware of its existence and there is no awareness to the public on the importance of the South Sudan National Gender Policy. The study further concluded that there is no emphasis national gender policy in gender mainstreaming. Gender responsive training and retraining programs have not been established. There are also no adequate resources allocated for gender mainstreaming. The government doesn’t increase financial allocation for interventions to increase retention rates for girls and boys in schools. Thus the national gender policy in gender mainstreaming has not produced any success. The study findings further revealed that stakeholders in national gender policy have not achieved a lot. The study recommends that, there is need for the government state ministries to establish more strict measures to ensure there is gender equity in employment in both private and public service. There is also need for the government stakeholders to create awareness to the public on the importance and implementation of Sudan National Gender Policy (SSNGP). The government should allocate adequate resources for gender mainstreaming. The government also needs to increase financial allocation for interventions to increase retention rates for girls and boys in schools. Thus the national gender policy in gender mainstreaming has not produced any success
Page(s): 538-554 Date of Publication: 09 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51128Page(s): 555-562 Date of Publication: 09 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51129Sri Lanka society is an appropriate arena of research to the nature of moral engineering and moral enterprising for unending power struggle of supremacy seekers and pressure groups. The political as well as cultural elite-sponsored moral panics that come from many forms that based on semi-authentic or fault factors makes a huge damage to the social order of the nation. The long term disturbance to the nation development, social integrity and cultural ethical codes is immeasurable. This article deliberates over selected cases such as debate over chronicle kidney diseases, food poisoning, DCD, satirizing pills and satirizing surgery panics appeared in the contemporary history in Sri Lanka. The basic objective of this research is building a sociological discourse on the prevailed reality of the concurrent socio-political structure and revealing its effectives on Sri Lankan society. This paper that has been employed enclosing the discourse building a literary discourse on the concept of moral panic such as, reviewing worldwide experiences on mass-panicking and the application these concepts to the concurrent Sri Lankan socio-political context. Primary data were extracted by selected newspaper articles, recorded public speeches made by influential individuals, blog reports, research reports and public acts regarding various issues related in the thematic area of this research. This study also has been built largely on the contour of secondary literature. Sociological as well as philosophical perceptions developed in multiple dimension on moral panic that has been used as tools of context analysis. Finally, this paper concludes the politicians, cultural elites and some pressure groups that seek contentment of their hidden political agendas shown as vital actors as moral engineers and moral entrepreneurs responsible for mass panicking. So-called mass media and uncensored social media users knowingly or unknowingly has carried out the needs of those groups
Page(s): 563-574 Date of Publication: 09 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51130Page(s): 575-578 Date of Publication: 10 December 2021
The standard of education in Matabeleland North has deteriorated to the extent that the province has over the years recorded the lowest pass rate at Grade Seven level in the country. Owing to the persistent high failure rate, the Ministry of Education, Sport, Arts and Culture introduced the Performance Lag Address Programme (PLAP). It is in this guise that this study focussed on the challenges and opportunities of the performance Lag Address Programme introduced to address suppressed literacy levels and high failure rate in primary schools. The study used a qualitative approach taking into cognisance the versatility of this approach in generation of appropriate descriptive information on the phenomenon under study. A case study design was chosen focussing mainly on Tsholotsho District in Matabeleland North Province. Purposive sampling and convenient sampling techniques were used to identify the teachers and Ministry of Education Officials to discuss PLAP programme implementation. The findings of the study revealed that scepticism by the teachers regarding the thrust and feasibility of the programme hindered its effective implementation. The study recommended that teachers should be equipped sufficiently to be effective in PLAP implementation. Furthermore, there is need for capital injection, expanse resource mobilisation and a multi-stakeholder approach to propel the programme to success.
Page(s): 579-585 Date of Publication: 10 December 2021
Sri Lanka has a long history of drug use, mainly cannabis and opium. Both compounds have also been used as a pharmaceutical preparation in herbal medicine. Most researchers agree that the problem of drug abuse began to increase in the 1970s. According to Gunatilake, accurate estimation was impossible as no scientific survey had been carried out during this period. According to a survey made during the period 1975-1981, there were only 3200 known drug dependents and most of them were opium and cannabis users in this country. Heroin suddenly shot into prominence in the late seventies and early eighties. There were very few heroin users in the 1980s. In 1981 the police were able to seize 0.277 kilograms of heroin. In many instances, heroin was smuggled from India and Pakistan. In 2017, more than one thousand kilograms were seized from individuals and among them 4% were females. The use of heroin in the country has increased rapidly and thousands of drug users both males and females had emerged by 2017. It was estimated that 10,432 males and 157 females were imprisoned for narcotic drug offences in 2017. Drug abuse among females in Sri Lanka is on the increase. Female drug users are likely to be more stigmatized than their male counterparts and they are regarded as double deviants. Drug habits among Sri Lankan females have increased faster than those of men. Compared to the drug abuse of men, women’s drug abuse could bring more negative consequences to the health, families, and society at large. In Sri Lanka, female drug offenders are imprisoned to rehabilitate them but many such females return to prison upon their release after being reconvicted for drug offences. Therefore, this study is aimed at finding the problems faced by the women prisoners whose rehabilitation process has been hindered during their stay at the prison and also upon their release. This study was carried out concerning the women prisoners imprisoned in Welikada women’s prison in 2018 and 30 inmates were selected from a systematic sample. In addition, 10 prison officers both male and female were selected as respondents. Interviews, case studies, and observation methods were utilized for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that societal factors, shortcomings of the rehabilitation programs, poverty, unhealthy home environment, and mental confusion have affected negatively in the process of women prisoners in their social integration and rehabilitation.
Page(s): 586-592 Date of Publication: 10 December 2021
Page(s): 593-597 Date of Publication: 10 December 2021
This research seeks to empirically investigate the effect of leadership styles on employee motivation among non-academic staff in the College of Social Management Sciences in Afe Babalola University (ABUAD). Its specific objectives are to determine the relationship between: (i) transformational leadership style and employee motivation and; (ii) transactional leadership style and employee motivation. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design and data was collected using a close-ended questionnaire. Census sampling technique was adopted while simple linear regression and Karl Pearson’s correlation methods were used. Findings show that leadership styles have an insignificant effect on employee motivation. It also shows that a strong positive relationship exists between transformational leadership style and employee motivation and a weak positive relationship exists between transactional leadership style and employee motivation. The implication of this is that superiors in the College should adopt more of the transformational leadership style.
Page(s): 598-602 Date of Publication: 10 December 2021
Page(s): 603-613 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51133Decline in soil fertility due to continuous use of land has been outlined as one of the major challenges facing crop productivity in Africa. However, a number of government-led interventions and strategies have been introduced to raise fertilizer usage including the fertilizer subsidy program for small-scale farmers. This study investigated the determinants and whether, and extent of successful of the government subsidy program among small-scale maize farmers in Kakamega County, Western Kenya. The study employed cross-sectional survey research design using semi-structured questionnaires to obtain data from 300 farmers, who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was analyzed by econometrically employing descriptive analysis and a one-limit Tobit regression – controlling for programme selection bias. Results reveal that the average proportion of subsidized fertilizer utilized was59.48% among subsidy program participants. The intensity of subsidized fertilizer utilization by farmers was significantly influenced by the farm size under maize, household size, seed rate, age and education level of the household head, distance to the market and amount of credit borrowed. By the findings showing higher average fertilizer application rate of 85.6 kg per haamong the program participants compared to 74 kg per ha for non-participants, the study recommends expansion of the program to incorporate more farmers by increasing quantities of subsidized fertilizer supplied and consider socio-economic factors of small scale farmers when formulating policies on allocation as they are the main target of the program.
Page(s): 614-622 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51134A quasi-experimental study of non-equivalent control design was adopted to investigate the effect of guided diagram scoring teaching strategy on senior secondary school class 2 (SS2) students’ achievement in biology. The study sample size consisted of 135 SS2 students consisting 70 students in one intact class from one school and 65 students from another school within Yenagoa metropolis of Bayelsa State. The aim of the study was to evaluate the students’ achievement through GDSTS in one of the biology topics. The students were drawn from intact classes, were randomly selected into experimental group and control group. The study employed pretest and posttest on biology of nervous system in data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and independent t-test. Findings from the study revealed that students taught with guided diagram scoring teaching strategy scored higher in their achievement test items than those taught with conventional lecture method (control group (m=5.64, SD=1.08) and experimental group (m=7.31, SD=0.71) conditions t(133)=4.72, t-tab=1.97); which implied that guided diagram scoring teaching strategy was effective in improving students’ achievement in learning. More so, it was revealed that gender is a significant factor in students’ achievement when taught with guided diagram scoring strategy favouring the female gender. Since guided diagram scoring teaching strategy enhanced performance of students, we therefore recommend that guided diagram scoring teaching strategy be included as an integral part of instructional procedure of biology education in senior secondary schools.
Page(s): 623-628 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
Page(s): 629-640 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
Page(s): 641-650 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51135The study aimed at investigating the effective trauma coping strategies among Catholic religious men and women survivors of kidnap in Southern Ecclesiastical Provinces of Nigeria. It had a phenomenological design. Twenty-one survivors of which twelve were males and nine females were interviewed in a focus group using a semi-structured interview guide. A thematic analysis was of the data showed emerging themes of Relating with more people, having a wider social support network, not paying too much attention to the fact that they experienced the kidnapping, finding a rational and realistic explanation to the situation, being open to learning positive lessons from a very difficult situation, being compassionate towards their abductors, actively looking forward to ways to replace the losses they have encountered, plunging themselves into the depth of their prayers, praying for their abductors, and receiving some kind of professional counseling or therapeutic support have helped them to cope and navigate the path that leads to posttraumatic growth. Other themes that emerged from participants who seem to be struggling and are still traumatized are Inadequate understanding of their trauma by their conferrers, poor understanding of mental health issues by their superiors, fear of the costs of therapy, and that the recommendations of counselors and therapists are not often respected. The study recommends that Catholic Institutes of religious men and women, family members, and the society at large can incorporate these positive coping strategies into the trauma intervention and care of the survivors of kidnapping for them to navigate the path of posttraumatic growth.
Page(s): 651-657 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51136The purpose of this research was to analyze the importance of gender in defining the work-family conflict of married employees in 21st century. Especially in workplaces with higher work related and work environment related stress. To achieve the research objective, 362 married male and female bank employees (181 each) who had at least one child, were selected for the study. The research results disseminated that although there is no significant difference in level of work related stress, work environment related stress, and work-family conflict of married employees. But unlike males, work-family conflict of married females is highly dependent on their level of work related stress. Hence, gender still plays an important role in defining the source of work-family conflict. Even though it is no longer important in determining their level of work related stress, work environment related stress, and work-family conflict. So, banks and other organizations should focus on lowering the work stress of their employees: to reduce the work-family conflict of their employees, and to flourish the performance and culture of their organization.
Page(s): 658-664 Date of Publication: 11 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51137Page(s): 665-672 Date of Publication: 13 December 2021
In order to create and sustain a cordial relationship with Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Community, MTN introduced a project called “MTN Library Connect” in the University. This paper, “The Role of Public Relations in Creating Cordial Relationship with the Relevant Publics: A Study of A.B.U./MTN Library Connect”, examined the use of MTN Foundation Connect Library in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. The purpose of the investigation is to determine whether or not MTN achieved a cordial relationship with Ahmadu Bello University Community which is one of the beneficiaries of the Project. Survey research design was adopted for the study with questionnaire as the instrument to elicit data from 120 respondents in twelve (12) Faculties of the University, comprising 100 from the Main campus, and 20 from Kongo campus. Findings reveal that, majority of the students appreciate the services rendered by the A.B.U./MTN Library Connect. Further findings indicate that the MTN Library Connect is effective as it helps the telecom company to carry out its corporate social responsibility by creating and maintaining cordial relationship as well as providing students with the necessary facilities which enable them to carry out their research. Findings also indicate that training of users on how to use the facility has been a major challenge. The study therefore recommends among others that the MTN Management should intensify efforts in creating more awareness about training students and extension of space to accommodate more students, provision of more systems and servers to cater for the ever-increasing number of students in the University.
Page(s): 673-682 Date of Publication: 13 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51138The role of developed universal intellectual traits is to impart curable skills necessary for curbing teenage pregnancy. It is however; legitimate to captivate analytical and philosophical precaution processes that are weightily anchored on man’s faculty of correct reasoning. This article therefore examines the need for developed universal intellectual traits on mitigating teenage pregnancyin schools. The article appeals to the implications of Richard Paul & Linda Elder in addressing teenage pregnancy. The article used analytical Method of Philosophical consultancy and analysis. The study pinpoints out that if teenage pregnancy is to be addressed once for all, then educators must infuse Universal intellectual traits without omitting or commissioning any of the following: intellectual humility, intellectual autonomy, intellectual integrity, intellectual courage, and intellectual perseverance confidence in reason, intellectual empathy, and intellectual fair-mindedness. Universal intellectual traits triggers the faculty of reasoning among teenagers, concerned stakeholder and even sexual perpetrators to be critical thinkers in resolving and solving social problems like teenage pregnancy in a more logical, valid and sound manner.
Page(s): 683-686 Date of Publication: 13 December 2021
Page(s): 687-691 Date of Publication: 14 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51139Currently, the most crucial challenge facing Nigeria is insecurity of lives and properties of the citizens .The situation has become more complicated and unbearable, particularly in Northeast of Nigeria where terrorist group, called Boko Haram which in Housa language means Western education is evil and the group fighting to establish an Islamic State of West Africa in Nigeria, resorts to the abduction of teenage girls, boys and women and use them as soldiers, suicide bombers and human shields in battles against Nigerian troops. Despite all the efforts, the abduction, recruitment and usage of children and women for insurgent activities by those terrorists continue to escalate. Thus, the work intends to explore the better ways of safeguarding Nigeria children and women from access, attack, recruitment and usage by insurgents. It also explores the ways and means of sustaining institutions and businesses in Nigeria from insurgent’s destruction. In the course of the work, both empirical and library methods of data collection were utilized. Empirically, personal interviews and roundtable discussions were conducted on the top security operatives, political and community leaders as well people of various backgrounds. In the process, the responses, views and opinions of people interviewed and information from secondary sources were analyzed by drawing inferences and conclusions to uphold, reject or as supporting information to the research question in order to provide answers to the objectives of the work. The researcher recommends that in Nigeria, communities should organise community security systems where everyone is suspicious as well as a suspect due to the nature of membership of Boko Haram where even some members of the communities forms parts of the group. In addition, security gadgets should be mounted at every strategic point to monitor movements, actions and activities at strategic targets such as schools, shops, motor parks, markets and public gatherings. In the process, security scanning and checking devices should be utilised to checkmate people with dangerous materials that can be used to kill and inflict injuries on people. Above all, as there are insinuations that even Nigerian enforcement officials are playing double standards in the fight against the insurgents, the central government should find new ways of recruiting the fighters of the insurgents. Furthermore, though the insurgents are non-state actors, the international community should find ways of including protective treaties that will restrict the insurgents from capturing children and women and using them for military purposes. The work is presented qualitatively.
Page(s): 692-699 Date of Publication: 14 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51140Procurement challenges including loss of public funds have become very common in the public sector where the public civil servants have colluded with suppliers of goods and works often to misappropriate public money. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence that ethics has on the procurement performance of State Corporation in Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish the influence that tendering confidentiality has on procurement performance at Kenya Kenya Electricity Generating Company PLC (KenGen).The population of the study included 381 procurement staff in Kenya in the two levels of management (middle and operational level of management). The probabilistic sampling method through the Taro Yamane formula was used to yield a sample of 195. The study was descriptive, data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with Likert questions. Data was collected specifically in the headquarters in Nairobi. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency, standard deviation, mean, and percentages) and inferential analysis through the ordinary least square method. The study found that tendering confidentiality influenced procurement performance (F= 54.416, p<0.001). The study also concluded that tendering confidentiality had had a positive and significant influence on procurement performance at KenGen. The study recommended for protection of intellectual property during tendering, the composition of tendering committee by members who are independent and no-partisan, and people of integrity while safeguarding information regarding the tendering documents and processes away from tenderers.
Page(s): 700-704 Date of Publication: 14 December 2021
Page(s): 705-710 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51141The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of procurement strategies on operational performance of humanitarian organisations in Zimbabwe during the Covid-19 lockdown period. A mixed-method approach was used, with a randomly chosen sample of 28 supply chain professionals from a population of 30 humanitarian aid organizations who responded to the questionnaire and interviews. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis for Moment Structures (AMOS) programs were used to analyse quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from interviews. The findings were that local sourcing; electronic procurement and multiple sourcing had a significant positive effect on inventory levels, operating costs and material availability. The study concluded that local sourcing; electronic procurement and multiple sourcing have a positive and significant effect on operational performance of humanitarian organisations during the Covid-19 lockdown period in Zimbabwe. Therefore the study recommended humanitarian organisations in Zimbabwe to source locally, procure electronically and to source from multiple suppliers during the Covid-19 lockdown period as concluded by the study that doing so is critical in improving operational performance.
Page(s): 711-715 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sustainable procurement practices on procurement efficiency in the mining sector in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research approach was employed where interviews were conducted with 10 key informants in mining companies. The findings of the study were that supplier training, whole life cycle costing, procurement of recyclable products and environmentally friendly products have positive effects on procurement efficiency. The study concluded that supplier training, product whole life cycle costing, procurement of recyclable products, and the procurement of environmentally friendly products have a positive effect on procurement efficiency in mining companies in Zimbabwe. The study recommended mining companies to increase the recycling of purchased products and to use environmentally friendly products in order to minimize costs.
Page(s): 716-719 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51142Page(s): 720-726 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
Page(s): 727-731 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51143The study on consurmer perception on basic spice was undertaken to analyse the gap between consumers’ perception & existing market scenario with reference to opened and branded ones specially chili, turmeric, cumin and coriander. Data for the study were collected both from secondary as well as primary sources through content analysis, questionnaire and face to face conversation It is observed from the analysis that most of the respondents used branded spices under Radhuni Powered Spice which they found most hygenic than open spices. The study recommended that Radhuni Basic Spice(RBP) need to conduct frequent consumer survey to develop new user group for the products with increased promotional expenses. The study concluded that more research work should be done on RBS to expand market in competitive situation and to attract the consumers in broader perspectives.
Page(s): 732-741 Date of Publication: 15 December 2021
Page(s): 742-748 Date of Publication: 16 December 2021
Urbanization and increase in population have triggered the rise of pollution in the city of Chicago. A lot of her residents grew up on polluted lands and impoverished neighborhoods. And many believe it is solely the government job to help mitigate these problems. How can the city government channel her funds in curbing hunger, unemployment rate, and combat air pollution? This paper examines the social and environmental impact of assessment in Chicago and effective ways to mitigate it. Investments in the city will help provide the government with more funds to resolving some of the issues reviewed in this paper. However, what strategies can the city of Chicago use in raising investors within and outside its city’s walls?
Page(s): 749-752 Date of Publication: 16 December 2021
Page(s): 753-759 Date of Publication: 16 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51144Page(s): 760-768 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic and the consequence lockdown stimulated palliatives implementation towards reducing the impact of lockdown on the citizens but it appears that in Nigeria, palliative is yet to have significant impact on human security as hunger, poverty and insecurity continue to exacerbate in the country. Reviewed literature inspired that researches scarcely address palliatives impact on human security but profusely concentrated on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This present study interrogate the various palliatives implemented by Federal Government of Nigeria and examine whether palliatives have reduced the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on human security in Southwestern Nigeria. The social assistance theory underscored this study but humanitarian obligation theory is used to supported it. Both Qualitative and Quantitative Research Design (QQRD) were adopted. The Multistage Level Sampling Techniques (MLST) was employed to select 200 population sample size from male and female Nigerians across the six states in the Southwestern Nigeria and a 4-point Likert style rating scale closed ended questionnaire was distributed to obtain responses. The gathered responses was analysed electronically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of the study shows there are eleven palliatives implemented but the extent palliatives have reduced the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on human security in Southwestern Nigeria is low and recommends that palliatives should be reviewed and expanded to address core COVID-19 lockdown-induced Human Security Threats (HSTs), otherwise, threats will thrive and achieving economic recovery as well as sustainable development in Nigeria through palliative will remain an illusion.
Page(s): 769-775 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
This study takes a look at the activities of political parties in a democratic system and how it affects the Nigeria state of under-development in the fourth Republic. The paper takes cognizance, of parties and democratic roles in the development of the developed Democracies; on the other hand, most developing societies like Nigeria are not so lucky in charting this trajectory, rather, the advent of the new wave of Democratic experience which is decorated with multi-party configuration that emerged in 1999, has done infinitesimally, in its quest of charting the path of progress for the people. These assertions are better explained through some factors that are prominent within the political space at the period, these includes; the inability of the system to effectively integrate the ethno-cultural divide in the state, the failure of the system to enhance the living standard of the people, also, the absence of good governance play a prominent role in this regard, the inability of the political parties to encourage participation is another key factor and the consistent failure of the political leadership to perform its core webberian functions of securing lives and property as well as engendering an enabling environment that is devoid of crisis. The paper depends heavily on qualitative materials which are carefully analysed. The sustainable development theory is deployed for the study as it better x-ray the nitty-gritty of the paper. Finally, the study proffers some salient recommendations which includes; the need for political parties to be structured in a way as to integrate the divergent forces in the system, the political leadership must vigorously pursue policies that would enhance the peoples living standards, political participation must be encouraged at all levels and the issues of insecurity must be tackled and given its pride of place in the scheme of things in the system.
Page(s): 776-782 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
Page(s): 783-794 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
Page(s): 795-798 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
Employee retention is among the important factors for business sustainability. The purpose of the study is to examine the factors influencing the employee turnover by using Tanzania Telecommunication Corporation Limited (TTCL) as a case study. Specifically, the study examined the impact of Training and Promotion on employee turnover, the effects of working environment on employee turnover and it identified the strategies for reducing employee turnover in Tanzania. This study was conducted in Dar Es Salaam city in its five municipals (Ilala, Ubungo, Temeke, Kinondoni and Kigamboni). The study used Primary data which was collected using questionnaire and interview. Quantitative data was analyzed using Correlation and Regression while the qualitative data was analyzed by content analysis. The findings revealed that Training and Promotion positively influence the Employee turnover. Also working environment positively influences the Employee turnover. Furthermore, the study identified different strategies for improving reduction of employee turnover such promoting high-quality of work relationships and Promotion of job Satisfaction. The study concludes that providing a positive work environment reduces turnover.
Page(s): 799-805 Date of Publication: 17 December 2021
Page(s): 806-814 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
The outbreak of COVID-19 and post COVID-19 pandemic has basically reshaped our thinking and how different the global carries out its business from today. There is no doubt that even if the COVID-19 virus is completely suppressed and global lockdown comes to an end, the virus effects will linger. Higher education is one of the areas that have been highly hit by the pandemic. This paper scans through blended learning as the post COVID-19 solution to teaching and learning in higher education, particularly, Kenyan Higher Education with KCA University as a case study.
Page(s): 815-819 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.51145This study was carried out to investigate researchers awareness and their perception about research publications. The study covered 4 Colleges of Education. With 2 each from Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. The study also adopted the survey method using self-designed structured questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. The population of the study consisted of 113 researchers randomly selected in the Colleges of Education. Out of 113 copies of questionnaire distributed to the respondents, 89 (78.8%) useable copies were returned to the researchers. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics particularly frequency counts and percentage are represented in the table. The findings of the study showed that most of the researchers working in the Colleges of Education in Edo and Delta States do not know about copyright infringement and the consequences in research publications. As a result of this, an awareness and perception of this act need to be given. The study further showed that plagiarism, copyright infringement is serious academic offences. The study brought to an understanding of the penalties for plagiarism and created awareness.
Page(s): 820-824 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
Page(s): 825-834 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
Page(s): 835-844 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
Page(s): 845-849 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
Page(s): 850-857 Date of Publication: 18 December 2021
