The concept of rule of law is that the state is governed by the law, not by any particular government. This paper displays the present condition of the rule of law in curriculum and students’ intention in getting a course or a training program on the rule of law in their curriculum. In this study, 23 in-depth interviews with different university going students of different disciplines—science, social science, medical and engineering, 2 key-informant interviews, and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs), along with intensive studies from various secondary sources, were conducted.
Page(s): 01-05 Date of Publication: 16 November 2019
Download PDF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
The study deals with the effects of Boko Haram activities on Farm Output in Biu local government area, Borno state, Nigeria. A sample size of 380 Household heads served as respondents, selected from four wards in Biu LGA. Questionnaire was the instrument used in data collection. Purposive sampling procedure was used in selecting Biu LGA. Descriptive statistics was used in analysing the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in Biu area. T-test Statistics was used to measure the difference between level of output before and during the peak period of Boko Haram’s activities in Biu local government. The result revealed significant difference between the output before and during the peak period of the Boko Haram activities, which revealed that Boko Haram activity had a significant effect on the farm output of the farmers in the study area. The t-value for all the outputs were very high with 11.71 for maize, 10.97 for groundnuts, 12.38 for cowpea, 12.34 for sorghum and 11.15 for rice. P-value obtained for all the outputs were less than .05, that was .000 for each output which indicated that Boko Haram activities in the area has significantly affected the production of these crops in the area. The researcher therefore, rejected the null hypothesis which stated that Activities of Boko Haram does not significantly effects farm output in Biu and accepted the alternative hypothesis. The study recommends that; Federal government should make sure farms and farm labourers in the rural areas especially in Biu L.G.A are adequately secured to encourage farmers go back to their farm without fear of attack by the Boko Haram. Agricultural Extension workers should be mobilised and motivated to go and train farmers on modern farming techniques in the affected area. This effort will encourage crop production in the area.
Page(s): 06-11 Date of Publication: 16 November 2019
Download PDF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
The study investigated perception of counselling services among primary school pupils in Calabar, Cross River State and how it influences their social adjustment in the school. The study adopted ex-post fact research design and a sample of 366 primary six pupils was randomly selected from a population of 3,659 primary six pupils in the area for the study. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire titled “Perception of Counselling Services and School Social Adjustment Scale” (PCSSSAS). The reliability of the PCSSSAS was determined using Cronbach Alpha method. Data collected were analyzed using Population t-test and One-way Analysis of Variance tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the pupils’ perception of school counselling services was significantly low. The result further revealed that pupils’ perception of school counselling services had a significant influence on their social adjustment in the school. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that pupils should be encouraged to appreciate the counselling services in the school and always seek for the assistance of the counsellor about their problems.
Page(s): 12-17 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
This study investigated affective variables and tendency towards sorting among university undergraduates in Cross River State. The study adopted correlational research design. The sample for the study was 472 year three students out of a population of about 4,721 students. Data was collected using Affective Variables and Tendency Towards Sorting Questionnaire” (AVTTSQ). Data collected was analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression tested at .05 level of significance. The results revealed that affective variables had significant relationship with tendency towards sorting among the students and the affective variables collectively predicted tendency towards sorting. It was recommended that the students should be counselled on the need to manage their anxiety so as to boost their emotional intelligence and reduce their tendency towards sorting.
Page(s): 18-22 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.
Food security and economic growth in Kenya’s Drylands is undermined by lack of adequate application of policy interventions. This paper examines insights on how food policy interventions influence on food security in Kikumbulyu North Ward of Makueni County. Specifically, the research established the extent in which policy intervention affect food security, assessed to what degree them strategies deployed achieved food security and established to what extent policy strategies were adequate in achieving food security in Kikumbulyu North Ward of Makueni County. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide to key informants. A sample size of 138 households in Kikumbulyu North Ward were interviewed. A stratified sampling method was used to administer the 138 questionnaires to the sample. Data analysis was further performed using descriptive methods and inferential analysis methods where frequencies, mean, standard deviation were used to summarise the collected data and the results were presented in form of tables and charts. The response rate was 97.1% and the findings showed that food policies have not been successful in improving food security. Therefore, to improve on policy interventions of food security, it was recommended of the need to strengthen the monitoring and evaluating of food security issues in Kenya Drylands by periodically reviewing our policy implementation results so as to adopt result-oriented policies. This will focus on improving the previous period of policy implementation as a baseline in formulating and implementation of new period policy. This, therefore, will ensure connectivity of policy implementation and guide on how the food stakeholders can do business geared towards achieving the zero hunger agenda.
Page(s): 23-29 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
Learning process has become sophisticated with the advent of technology. Researches are investigating the options of finding out the most efficient online learning models. One of the most predominant objectives is to provide enhanced peer to peer learning experience to the learners and Discussion forum is the tool to achieve it, where knowledge gets transferred. This paper intends to discuss the role of discussion forum in knowledge sharing process in online learning. Research articles from the sources have been viewed and summaries to the relevance.
Page(s): 30-32 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
Nursing professional education in Indonesia consists of two steps namely the academic step to get a bachelor’s degree in nursing and the professional step or clinical learning step to get a Ners (Ns) degree. Teachers at the professional education step are called preceptors. This study aims to identify the effect of team effectiveness, interpersonal communication, and emotional quotient on satisfaction of preceptors in the Nurses Professional education program in North Sumatera. The research design is pathway analysis. Samples were taken by proportional random sampling technique with 168 preceptors using Slovin’s formula from 291 preceptors in North Sumatera. Before the instrument was used, validity and reliability tests were carried out. Based on the results of the analysis there is a significant influence between the variables of team effectiveness and emotional quotient on preceptor’s satisfaction, but there is no significant effect between interpersonal communications on preceptor’s satisfaction. It is recommended to explore the factors that influence the relationship of interpersonal communication with satisfaction of the preceptors.
Page(s): 33-40 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
The aim of every business is profitability of going concern. However, no matter the profit and injection of fresh capital to a business, the going concern will be threatened, if fraud is allowed to creep into it. The study intends to determine how employee fraud affects the operation and success of business enterprise in Nigeria.Combinations of qualitative research design and survey research techniques were used in this study. Questionnaires were administered to collect data relating to fraudulent practices by employees in private and public sector.
Page(s): 41-50 Date of Publication: 17 November 2019
Download PDF
These clinical trials were aimed to study the effectiveness of specific vestibular and proprioceptive stimulation to improve gross motor function in cerebral palsy (CP) spastic diplegic children. Methodology: A sample of Twenty six cerebral palsy children was selected in this study. All children were evaluated with GMFM-88, QUEST and Modified Ashworth Scale before and after the intervention. The Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) was applied for 50 min, 4 days per week for 48 sessions .The experimental SIT therapy was divided into 3 phases of 16 sessions each .i.e. proprioceptive phase, vestibular phase and mixed phase in which tactile stimulation is constant. The activities were selected to give proprioceptive input in phase one, vestibular input in phase two and mixed input of Proprioception and vestibular in phase three along with tactile input. Results: Results indicated marked improvement in gross motor functioning in the enrolled children with p=0.00. Modified Ashworth Scale also showed improvement with p=0.00.Occupational Therapist follows different strategies and approaches in the treatment of Cerebral Palsy. SIT techniques gives the child opportunity to experience not only its body in different positions but also in relation to its environment which they does not do due to their restricted body movements. Conclusion: This study shows beneficial effect of sensory integration therapy on cerebral palsy spastic diplegic and developmental delay children. SIT intervention had a significantly positive effect on gross motor function in the children with CP spastic diplegic.
Page(s): 51-55 Date of Publication: 18 November 2019
Download PDF
The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the role of the school committee as consideration, support, control and liaison in the education management. The method used in this study is qualitative with a phenomenological design. The results obtained showed that as a giver considerations was embodied in approving policies and educational programs, as a support was embodied in active role in raising public funds in education, as a controller was embodied in advising unproper decision, as a liaison was embodied in cooperation with the community.
Page(s): 56-58 Date of Publication: 18 November 2019
Download PDF
This study explored the experiences of principals, teachers, students and parents on social support of school management & stakeholders and wellbeing of students with special reference to government schools in the Hambantota district in Sri Lanka. This study employed a mixed method, and case study and survey approaches were also used in studying the research problem. The main research question was: what are the experiences of the principals, teachers, parents, and students on the social support provided by school management and stakeholders for student wellbeing? Purposive and random sampling techniques were employed in order to select the participants in this study. Data gathered in administering semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, informal observations and informal discussions. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistical tools. It was revealed that: Students are suffering due to their poor family background, and they are not provided required minimum emotional support from school management and teachers. The school attendance is very poor of some students since they usually engage with agricultural activities. The majority of children show poor performance. The majority of students do not have sufficient minimum resources for their academic activities. The schools are also not rich enough in providing such facilities to their students. The poor physical environment and lack of resources impact badly on students’ wellbeing. The majority of parents of the students are not well educated, and So, they do not seem to have the confidence to provide necessary advises and instructions about their children’s education. The students face challenges in finding good quality instructions and advises in developing their educational background, attitudes, values, self-confidence, soft skills and also hard skills. The student counselors in some schools do not have sufficient training, qualifications as counselors. The education authorities must pay immediate attention to these schools since the students are being faced with a difficult time in those schools. The schools need to be given sufficient number of quality resources and staff members. The staff members need to be motivated to provide a better service to these students.
Page(s): 59-70 Date of Publication: 18 November 2019
Download PDF
Child mortality rate is the most important indicator of child health, nutrition, implementation of key survival interventions, and the overall social and economic development of a population. The attempt of the paper is to investigate if there any relation between child mortality and economic growth and the direction and magnitude of these relationships in Bangladesh by analyzing data from 1985-2016. For analyzing the time series data Granger Causality test and ARDL model is used. By Granger Causality test it is investigated if there have any relation between the variables and by ARDL model it is analyzed what kind of relation between the variables (child mortality and GDP growth rate) exists. Our empirical evidence reveals that there is a significant and negative relationship between child mortality rate and real GDP growth rate. So, it is concluded that the GDP growth rate increase as child mortality rate decrease.
Page(s): 71-78 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
This research work investigated the effects of teachers’ transfer on students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools Abuja Nigeria. The population of the study was limited to all senior secondary school teachers in six Area councils of the FCT. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 2 schools in each of the six Area councils and 25 teachers were randomly selected in each selected school totalling 300 respondents. Descriptive survey method was adopted. Three research questions were asked and analyzed using frequency counts and mean. The data gathered were further analyzed and interpreted to arrive at findings which showed that high rate of transfer occurs in FCT Senior Secondary Schools; teachers’ transfer affects students’ academic performance; teachers sometimes voluntarily request for transfer and principals sometimes seek transfer of erring staff. Recommendations were suggested that there should inconvenient allowances for the transferred teachers in FCT Secondary Schools and accessible road network as this will reduce rural-urban transfer in FCT secondary schools.
Page(s): 79-82 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
Many efforts have been made towards understanding the relationship between the capital market and investment in the real sector of Nigeria. The objective was set to examine the impact of capital market on investment in Nigeria. The review of theoretical and empirical literature provided a basis for the selection and specification of model which was used to show if and how the capital market impacts investment growth. The data used in carrying out this research was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, 2016. The sample size employed for this study covers a period of 36 years (1981-2016). Preliminary tests were done such as Phillips-Perron unit root test for stationarity of the variables, the Johansen co-integration test was used to ascertain if there’s an equilibrium long run relationship between the variables. This study also uses the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) to determine the impact of market capitalization, aggregate savings, new issues, interest and inflation rates on the gross fixed capital formation in Nigeria. The result of the study shows that the capital market has a significant impact on capital formation in Nigeria. The potentials of the capital market in fostering investment growth in Nigeria were evaluated by using forecasting techniques and it was seen that investmentwill drastically decline without an active capital market.On the strength of this evidence, one of the proffered recommendations is that government should introduce policies to encourage investors in the capital market.
Page(s): 83-90 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
Recreation is an emotional condition within an individual human being that flows from a feeling of well-being and satisfaction. The increasing number of working women nowadays and time-saving, eating healthy foods in a good environment also contributes to eating out habits. Contended eating out at the restaurant with good ambiance and atmosphere not only creates different dining experiences but developed social interaction among the customers. As well as background music that is used by fast-food restaurants is the key component for different purposes. This research explores how perceived background music impact on customer loyalty changes in recreational dining. The current study base on an inductive research approach and based on primary and secondary sources of data. which will be collected through the mixed method: qualitative and quantitative data.The random sampling method used to collect data by using questionnaires. The content analysis method applied to analyze qualitative data. And this research based on the quantitative data analysis method of SPSS Amos (confirmatory factor analysis). This study expects to find out to determine the impact of perceived background music and customer loyalty change through Path Analysis.The perceived background music, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty change pathway were most customer loyalty change intention occur through customer satisfaction through perceived background music. It is the best path to the analysis. Accordingly, this research suggests that further how to do Cognitive Response and behavioral response influences the impact of customer loyalty change on perceived background music.
Page(s): 91-95 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
This research investigated attitudes and conceptual knowledge of students towards mathematics and perceptions teachers have about their students towards mathematics in the five schools in Livingstone district. It was not clear how student teachers perceived mathematics and their attitude towards it and what kind of cognitive-metacognitive skills and strategies they possess as they graduate from the colleges. This research employed a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study sample comprised 265 student teachers of mathematics from two colleges of education. Research instruments used in this study were: The 52-item Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) questionnaire was developed by Schraw and Dennison (1994) and the Questionnaire in the Teaching of Mathematics (QTM)”) was developed by Paul Ernest (1996), and the semi-structured interview schedules were used in the focus group discussions. The MAI questionnaire had two factors; knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition. The questionnaire for the students’ perceptions and attitudes towards mathematics included statements about how they regard or perceive mathematics in their learning processes. The questionnaire also included attitude statements on the way student teachers felt when learning mathematics and how they react when asked to answer questions or solve problems in class. The statistical analysis applied predominantly in the data analysis to investigate and explore differences between groups of independent variables was analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA allows one to compare the effects of each independent variable individually (Ho, 2006, p.57), which is beneficial in the context of study. To validate the findings produced from ANOVA test, the effect size measure Eta-squared (Levein & Hullet, 2002) were reported. The key findings indicated that student teachers had moderately high metacognitive awareness levels in both colleges. According to the results of the analysis, there was not a significant difference among the scores of metacognitive awareness of student teachers (F=0.522; ρ=0.491>0.05) according to means. We accept the null hypothesis that the means in the two colleges of education do not vary since ρ>0.05. Results indicated that student teachers in both colleges of education had higher levels of their perceptions and attitudes towards mathematics. Further, results from the Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) indicated that student teachers perception of their performance is attributed to lecturers’ methods of teaching and lecturers’ attitudes towards them. Results from the focus group with all the years of study indicated that lecturers teach them procedures of solving problem without student teachers’ participation. Hannula (2011), supports the idea that teachers’ positive attitudes and good personal qualities bolster students’ academic performance. In general the study concludes that student teachers in colleges of education have moderately high levels of metacognitive awareness and positive perceptions and attitudes towards mathematics. Therefore, this study recommends that teacher training programmes should include activities through the development and support of metacognitive awareness and affective factors that will be helpful in terms.
Page(s): 96-107 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
This study investigated the comparative analysis of the effects of self directed learning strategy and simulation technique on students’ interest in social studies at upper basic 11 in Kogi east education zone of Kogi State. The study used gender as a moderating variable to compare the mean interest rating scores, of male and female at Upper Basic II when exposed to the treatment using self directed learning and simulation techniques. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study employed quasi experimental (pre-test, post-test and non equivalent groups) the sample consisted of 442 Upper Basic II Social Studies students, comprising 232 males (52.49%), and 210 females (47.51%) drawn from 6 intact classes of co-educational government public schools in the study area. The instruments for data collection were Social Studies Interest Questionnaires (SSIQ). The SSIQ was computed using cronbach alpha with reliability r= 0.77. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that students that were taught Social Studies using self directed learning exhibited higher positive interest, achievement and retention. That is f (1441) = 75.894; p=0.00 < 0.05 than those who were taught using simulation technique. There is significant difference in the mean interest rating using Self Directed Learning (SDL) and simulation technique in favour of male students. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that, Social Studies Teacher should be encouraged to employ self directed leaning as a strategy in the teaching/ learning of Social Studies. Government (National, State and Local Government Areas), professional bodies, parents, stake holders should encourage capacity building workshops, seminars, conferences, in service training on the use and implementation of self directed learning and simulating techniques in Social Studies.
Page(s): 108-118 Date of Publication: 19 November 2019
Download PDF
This paper focuses on the the implications of the manipulative nature of courtroom language on children in conflict with the law. The study adopted a descriptive design method because the variables were not manipulated. The study was carried out in the children’s court in Eldoret, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. This is because Eldoret is close to the researcher and also being the major towns in North Rift region, the courts around have cases involving children that they handle. Therefore the research would also benefit the other courts across the country. The main instruments of data collection were audio recordings of the court proceedings and interview schedules of children’s advocate both the prosecution and the defense attorney. The target population was children of 8 to 15 years old. From the analyses it is established. The children in conflict with the law usually find it hard to participate fully in a trial due to the nature of the courtroom language. The study recommends that the government to do a revision on the guidelines on how to do direct examination and cross examination of children in conflict with the law.
Page(s): 119-122 Date of Publication: 20 November 2019
Download PDF
Examination is the pivot around which the whole system of education revolves and the success or failure of the system of examination is indeed an indicator of the success or failure of that particular system of education. It is one of the means used to assess and evaluate students’ learning in terms of acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes with the view of taking decision on level of attainment leading to awards of certificates. The paper discusses the effective ways of managing university examinations in order to achieve high standards of academic achievement.
Page(s): 123-126 Date of Publication: 20 November 2019
Download PDF
Education is the key to success, these is a relevant and motivational quote that need to be embraced by all players in the education sector for it is a sensitive pillar and a main contributor, determinant and the scale for determining the success of a government, further, these gives the sitting government the jurisdiction to brag and have a solid legacy to be remembered. Embracing education by making the right, professional decisions, that are relevant to the given society means addressing the thorny embedded issues troubling the said society. Making of quality decisions will not yield the desired results, implementation of the decisions by qualified and competent personnel is necessary these will help supervise the implementation process so as to achieve desired quantifiable, and qualitative results beneficial to the projected society. For the above to be satisfactorily achieved, Political goodwill, employment of adequate number of teachers in order to meet the recommended student teacher ratio, provision of a conducive environment for learning, supporting the less fortunate learners by government making the cost of education affordable and several other measures need to be in place. This paper tries to bring out how ineffective the move by the government to employ more teachers in public schools or provision of free education won’t be the solution to the problems facing the education sector.
Page(s): 127-129 Date of Publication: 20 November 2019
Download PDF
Studies have shown that effective engagement of higher education students leads to outstanding achievement and career success. From available literature, engagement has been studied from the emotional, behavioural and cognitive dimensions with little attention to students’ engagement with industry through higher education faculties. This article sheds light on the relationship between and among the three dimensions of engagement and how they can be evoked by industrial engagement as the chief driver of students’ achievement. To promote students’ achievement and career success, university faculties are considered the nerve centre in the formulation and operationalisation of student engagement services through active engagement with appropriate industries, involvement of students in programme enrichment and above all, acknowledgement of students’ as partners and bona fide members of a learning community. All of that are considered as incentives for students’ behavioural compliance.
Page(s): 130-134 Date of Publication: 20 November 2019
Download PDF
The students are motivated to learn English in an any ESL context. This specifies that there are few reasons which are greatly affecting learning process. These reasons might be awareness about the scope and utility of English language. Some of the researchers are of opinion that the students learn English as a second language for getting jobs, employments and continuation of higher education. All these researchers seem to agree that the students are motivated to learn English. Most of the studies conducted, following Gardner and his colleagues’ Soci-educational Model, based on Motivational Theory, assume that students are instrumentally or integrative motivated to learn English. Some of the researchers, after Guthrie and his colleagues’ Reading Motivation Model, find that students are intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to read. However, the investigation in neither instrumental or integrative motivation nor in intrinsic or extrinsic motivation, has been addressed satisfactorily in learning English and reading in English. Based on these assumptions, the researchers have tried to probe into the matter of the role played by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for learning English as a second language (ESL) among the 300 Pre-University students of Government Public Sector Colleges of Punjab, one of the major provinces of Pakistan. These are 155 Female students and 145 are Male students. This study has been conducted through the distribution of a questionnaire among the participants. This questionnaire has been adapted from Komiyama (2009)’s MREQ (Motivation for Reading in English Questionnaire) which actually has been taken from Wigfield and Guthrie (1997) and Wang and Guthrie (2004) from MRQ (Motivation for Reading Questionnaire). The questionnaire items have been modified and elicited for learning English instead of originals reading English to suit the Pakistani context. The findings of this study show that majority of these students are highly extrinsically motivated rather than intrinsically.
Page(s): 134-139 Date of Publication: 26 November 2019
Download PDF
This paper examines the impediments to democratic consolidation and the factors amounting to democratic reversals in Lesotho, especially those which implicate the armed forces. The paper also explores the efforts made by the South African Development Community (SADC) in restoring peace and safeguarding the democratic gains in the country. Drawing from the literature, the paper contends that the government of Lesotho has a tendency of using the state forces to achieve personal gains and by so doing sabotage the national interests. This problem is aggravated by the SADC whose frivolous envoys usually take its mandate for granted. Such tendencies reverse the democratic gains the country has accumulated over the decades. Notwithstanding, the paper posits that the challenges Lesotho is undergoing are but hiccups and are by no means necessarily pointing to democratic erosion and these problems could be addressed by entrusting the army to the King, depoliticising and restructuring the army and capacitating the SADC secretariat.
Page(s): 140-145 Date of Publication: 27 November 2019
Download PDF
The study investigated professional development programmes as correlates of instructors’ task performance in police training colleges in Southern Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational research design. The sample size for the study was 340 instructors in Police Training colleges in Southern Nigeria selected from a population of 378 instructors. The proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to arrive at the sample size representing 90% of the population. Two instruments titled “Professional Development Programme Scale” (PDPS) with 34 items and “Task Performance Scale” with 20 items were used for data collection. The face and content validities were ensured. Internal consistency through Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the reliability indexes of 0.89 and 0.88 for PDPS and TPS respectively. Research questions 1, 2, and 3 were answered with the help of simple regression, while research questions 4, was answered using multiple regression. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were tested with t-test associated with simple regression, while hypotheses 4 were tested using ANOVA associated with multiple regression. It was found that seminar, workshop, and conference significantly predict task performance of instructors in police training colleges in Southern Nigeria. It was recommended among others that promotion of instructors should be tied on the number of professional development programmes attended.
Page(s): 146-152 Date of Publication: 27 November 2019
Download PDF
The article proposes the study of ‘performance art’ or ‘action art’ as a live act of associative composition within a time-space experience in the frame of time-based media art. Moreover, the samples used to analyse the factors involved are summarized as an experience with or in front of an audience. A new factor called ‘strange attractor factor’ will be added to the model Effect/ Affect published in 2012 by Valenzuela to understand the action’s meaning in the frame of performance art. Even more, today the model updates these concepts or parameters in the field of post media by understanding performance as a Time-based media. The ‘strange attractor factor’ could give an explanation about how attention is lost or even how awareness of the multiple variables is lessened where time-space is altered by unexpected and unplanned actions. Those variables rather than what the audience anticipates or the creator had planned, could take control and change the aim of actions. As a basis to critique performance this article uses models from semiotics, linguistics, mathematical grammar, rhizomatic model, aesthetics, architecture, performance studies and paint analysis. Added to those chosen lenses that observe and build critique, specific information is applied into this update with the aim of making a better understanding of what the strange attractor is and where it comes from. This article adds some possible critical uses of ‘fake equations’ presented in this paper in which the components assembled could make possible a different ‘reading’ of the live art and could help understand the idea of ‘time-space experience’ as one observable-detectable phenomena as well. Briefly explained by graphics and reflections, the study and the components are then applied to one concrete example in order to get some answers and final reflections about the use of the ‘Strange Attractor Factor’
Page(s): 153-164 Date of Publication: 27 November 2019
Download PDF
This scholarly paper examined Urbanization and its Social Vices in Nigeria. Urbanization is a population change from rural to urban areas, and the steady increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. The interplay of both “Push and Pull” factors at the points of origin and destination stimulates migrations. The push factors, which cause migration, include political fear, unemployment, poor medical facilities etc. Similarly, the pull factors are the desire to better life, job opportunities, improved living conditions, desire for qualitative education, better housing, improved medical care and a good network of roads among several others. Majority of others who migrated from rural to urban areas that have no jobs to do became more impoverished to the point of becoming social misfits otherwise known as area boys and girls. Crimes and insecurity; poverty and unemployment; and environmental problems are social vices of urbanization in Nigeria. Secondary sources of data collection were used for this scholarly paper. Amongst other recommendations it is recommended that, government should give more attention to the social plights of rural dwellers in order to reduce their mass exodus from the rural areas to urban areas.
Page(s): 165-170 Date of Publication: 27 November 2019
Download PDF
The study assessed institutional roles in the development of potential eco-cultural tourism sites in Eremon in the Lawra Municipality of Ghana. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods (i.e. questionnaires administration, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews) were used. A sample of 138 household heads was drawn from five purposively selected communities for the study. In addition, six heads of formal institutions and 10 community (traditional) leaders were selected for in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that traditional authorities play crucial roles in managing and controlling potential tourism attractions in the community but they lack coordination with formal institutions. Their efforts are also challenged by inadequate technical knowledge, financial resources and logistics constraints. As a result, the attractions are currently not developed and promoted to be of benefit to the community. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacities to enhance the development and management of eco-cultural tourist sites.
Page(s): 171-179 Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
Download PDF
This paper attempts to find how to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 21st Century: through Relevance of Innovative Instruction. The new well established approach of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) empowers learners to take right and informed decision and responsible action for environment integrity, economic viability and society for present and future generations. The following are innovative instructions that will help teachers reinvent their teaching methods and make the classes interesting towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals at 21st century these are: creative teaching, audio-visual tools, real world learning, brainstorm, lesson outside the classroom, role-play, storyboard teaching, stimulating classroom environment etc. based on the findings, it is true that regular poor performance by the majority students is fundamentally linked to application of ineffective teaching methods by teachers to impact knowledge to learners. The following are some of the research recommendations: teachers should increase their knowledge of their various strategies in order to keep students, teachers good professional quality is basis for teaching innovation in schools, teacher innovation of teaching methods is the ultimate goal of teaching innovation in school. Therefore, government should organize workshop/seminars for teachers.
Page(s): 180-183 Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
Download PDF
The bad effects of performance of loan portfolio are undesirable and the researcher investigated on how the credit policy if properly managed could offer a means of changing this situation. . Poor loan performance exposes high level of credit risks and affects loan interest repayment, principal payment and profitability, which if not checked can result into depletion of the capital base and closure of institutions hence loss of share holders equity. This study will therefore seek to examine the effect of credit policy on performance of loan portfolio at PMF Uganda Ltd in order to generate recommendations that will help micro fiancé institutions attain improved performance of loan portfolio. The researcher used a combination of descriptive, quantitative, cross sectional and survey design. The target population was 100 from where the sample of 80 was sampled using Morgan tables and the study employed both simple random sampling and purposive to collect primary data with use of the questionnaire. Findings indicated that credit terms contribute to better performance of loan portfolio at PMF Uganda as shown by r=0.825 and adjusted R square of 66.9%. Also it revealed that credit standards have a significant influence on performance of loan portfolio at PMF Uganda and finally findings revealed that credit collection procedures affect performance of loan portfolio at PMF Uganda as shown by r=0.776 and Adjusted R square of 58.9%, r=0.65 and Adjusted R square of 40.3% respectively. All this indicate that these findings answer the general objective of assessing the effect of credit policies on performance of loan portfolio of PMF Uganda. The study recommends that PMF should extend the loan repayment period to at least 12 months instead of mandatory 10 months, there should be friendly credit standards and lastly Credit officers should personally make physical visits to customers’ premises.
Page(s): 184-202 Date of Publication: 28 November 2019
Download PDF
It is impossible to explain predictors of juvenile offending and criminal behavior development using one single theory, but it is possible to recognize possible risk factors that can be directly associated to juvenile offending tendencies among children and young people. Child and youth risk factors to juvenile offending and criminalitylies within five key pillars of a child’s life: family, school, peers, neighborhood and the media. School is the second socializing agent and perhaps, the most important for a child of the 21st century, who spends substantial amount of time in this setting. Popularly known, schools are contexts where children are universally cared for supported and nurtured in tandem with societal ideals. Thus, schools are unanimously eyed as a protective agent for preventing offending and criminal behavior development. Unfortunately, many schools in Kenya have never lived up to the realization that nurturing a criminal free society is one of their critical mandates. More often than not, schools refer to criminality as a society- created problem. In separate instances, societies and schools label each as incompetent in molding morally upright citizens. Meanwhile, compelling evidence ranks schooling and education as one of the greatest criminogenic factors. Based on the sociological theory, this paper review explored school policies, public policies related to education as well as specific flows in curriculum and student management practices that could be precursors to juvenile offending and criminality. Findings revealed that schools are not any longer safe heavens. A lot of violence experienced by children occurs in this setting. The paper documents education related risk factors of antisocial, violent behavior and criminal tendencies. It urges attention in creation of safe schools, change in students discipline and curriculum management practices in order to nurture a criminal free society.
Page(s): 203-211 Date of Publication: 29 November 2019
Download PDF
The study is about traditional livelihood practices among indigenous dagomba women with particular reference to women of Sagnarigu, a suburb of Tamale in the northern regional. Using a cross sectional approach, the study explores the various livelihood practices adopted by women of Sagnarigu to sustain the lives of their families. The study found among others that the production and sale of vegetables was one of the main livelihood strategies adopted by the women of Sagnarigu; but this was not enough to sustain the women and their families all year round. As a result, the women-farmers had to engage in other livelihood strategies to complement their farming activities. The study also found that 92% of the women did not have any formal education and this to a large extent, limited their access to higher paying off-farm opportunities. The study concludes that the female indigenous farmers of Sagnarigu, augment their returns from vegetable production with income from other economic activities.
Page(s): 212-218 Date of Publication: 29 November 2019
Download PDF
This study was carried out in Cameroons’ South West region where farmer produce cassava for household consumption and income generation. Most of the production is undertaken by peasant farmers in rural areas with inadequate infrastructure for production, storage and marketing despite the vulnerability of the staple to postharvest losses. In addition majority of farmers have inadequate access to technologies that reduce food losses and increase farm incomes: while most cassava farmers operate under precarious economic, environmental and financial constraints that grossly affect production and farm incomes. In spite these constraints cassava farmers still depend on rudimentary approaches that increase postharvest losses and reduce farm incomes. It is obvious that cassava products cannot sustain demand without innovations which increase output and reduce food losses. The objective of this study is to examine the various constraints affecting cassava production, methods of storage, and reasons for farmers dependence on rudimentary approaches rather than innovation that increase farm output. A sample population of 406 farmers was selected from twenty villages using Glenn Israel (2009) estimates for determining population samples. According to the study farmers’ choice of innovations are based on how adaptive or beneficial the innovations are in various socioeconomic and cultural environment in which production takes place.
Page(s): 219-229 Date of Publication: 30 November 2019
Download PDF
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of working capital management on profitability of selected quoted Nigeria manufacturing companies from 2006-2015. Secondary data was obtained to investigate relationship between working capital management and profitability. Panel data methodology similar to Sharma and Kumar (2011) was employed in this study. The results showed positive significant relationship between working capital management and profitability. This means that efficient management of working capital will increase profitability.
Page(s): 230-238 Date of Publication: 30 November 2019
Download PDF
Cases of bullying have been on the rise in public secondary schools in Kenya. Many experience bullying and many other forms of violence on a day-to-day basis within school. Most students in public secondary schools in Kitui County have either been bullied or have known someone who has been bullied. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the prevalence of bullying behavior on academic performance among students in integrated public secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya. The study was based on Social Identity Theory. This study employed a descriptive research design. This study was carried out in Kitui Central District. The target population was 1302 respondents comprising of 31 principals and 31 Guidance and counselling teachers and 1294 form three students. Stratified random sampling method was used and then simple random sampling method was used to select respondents from various strata. The sample size was 92 respondents comprising of 14 principals, 14 Guidance and counselling teachers and 64 form three students. The data collection tools were questionnaires for the teachers, students and interviews for the principals. Content validity was carried out to ensure that the instruments are valid and the test re-test technique was used to estimate the reliability of the instruments. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and presented using frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar graphs for effective communication to the users. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis technique and presented in narrative form. The study established that a high rate of bullying behavior among students which emenated from monogamous family, being from a broken home vulnerability in the community and some students feeling stronger than others, verbal bullying and indirect bullying were the most types of bullying behavior and students that bullying still happen in their school and every student had been bullied. However, a number of the students indicated that some of these cases are not reported to the school administration. The study concluded that school bullying exists in all schools regardless of them being governmental or private ones. The study also concluded that school bullying affect student’s academic achievement either victims or the bullies. The study recommends that school management and teachers have to take different measures for the purpose of reducing the bullying volume. Moreover, teachers should coordinate with bullied students.
Page(s): 239-242 Date of Publication: 30 November 2019
Download PDF
Majority of Banks all over the world are resolute, resilient and consistent in the adoption of sustainable banking as a tool to achieve significant boast in certain banking parameters such as: comparative edge over other banks that are reluctant to adopt and practice sustainable banking, application of positive risk management framework, increase in profitability, and deepening the marketing segments to increase sales etc. Nevertheless to state that a typical example in Nigeria is Access Bank PLC which has adopted sustainable banking as a core value, making it possible for the bank to consistently posting impressive profits after tax, translated into increase in earnings per share for the benefit of the stakeholders and maintaining a stable capital base. This is due to its consistent growth, triggered by its adoption of sustainable banking. It is imperative to point out that sustainable banking has positive impacts on the banking industry in particular as noted above and on the economy in general because of its ability to boast the critical sectors of the economy, thereby engineering economic growth and development. In view of the above, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)being on the driver’s seat of formulating Monetary Policy has to propel the banks to adopt and implement sustainable banking through the issue of circle on the Principles of Sustainable Banking in September 2012, which are to be aligned with the goals and objectives of each bank. The paper will therefore deeply analyze the advantages of Social Responsibility, critically examine the principles of sustainable banking, strategically undertake robust appraisal of the positive and the negative impacts of the sustainable banking on the banking industry and the economy as well and will highlight some important recommendations which will put the principles of the sustainable banking on spotlight for policy formulation and adoption by the banks.
Page(s): 243-251 Date of Publication: 01 December 2019
Download PDF
This work examines politics behind the implementation of the Federal Character Principle and the appointment into the National Drugs Enforcement Agencies (NDLEA) with a view to discussing the implications for National Unity of Nigeria. Every policy of government is expected to display high sense of indices of acceptable governance such as: transparency, accountability, responsiveness, efficiency and effectiveness, popular participation, service delivery and so on. Paradoxically, the reverse has always been the case with Federal Character Principle. The impacts of this have indeed pervaded the political landscape of Nigeria as majority of school leavers are found roaming the streets in search of employment. Verily, every Nigerian is adversely affected by Nigerian factors which are predicated on corruption, greed, selfishness among others. As a corollary, the much expected dividends of democracy is nothing but a ruse. The work relies on both primary and secondary sources of information. The data sources were complemented with the administration of questionnaires and oral interview with relevant stakeholders and members of the public to elicit more information about the performance of both the Federal Character Principle and NDLEA. Data were also sourced from the internet, governmental organizations and other related agencies with the objective of assessment and comparison. The study raises critical question about the desirability of NDLEA and how it would , as a matter of concern ensure corruption free society via its job creation through Federal Character Principle as far as Nigerian political system is concerned. It noted that the aims of establishing the Federal Character Principle and NDLEA have not been fully realized rather. The study therefore concludes that for the attainment of good governance, societal development, corruption free society and putting in the round peg in round hole, emphasis should be placed on how both the Commissions operate and to actualize these, there must be conscious efforts on the part of the government to ensure that credible people are employed to work in those Commissions in order to engender promotion of accountability, transparency and probity. This will serve as model for others to be on their toes so as to institute good governance in the land.
Page(s): 252-255 Date of Publication: 01 December 2019
Download PDF
Purpose: This study examined the factors affecting the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Nigerian Navy (NN)l training. The purposes of this research were to: ascertain ICT facilities available for naval training programmes in the four training schools, ascertain the naval instructors’ and trainees’ competences in the use of ICT for NN training , identify the factors affecting the use of ICTs in NN training and proffer strategies for more effective use of ICT in NN training. Methodology: Six research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey research design and inferential statistical method of analyses were adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 665 respondents consist of 599 trainees and 66 instructors. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire of a four-point rating. On the spot method of data collection was adopted to administer the instrument. Tools used for data analyses of research questions were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation Findings: The results revealed that the ICT facilities available are limited, for effective NN training. Five major challenges were identified by respondents in the four training schools as factors affecting the use of ICT in NN training. These are the lack of fully equipped ICT centres and poor power supply among others. The instructors and trainees in the study area proffered six major strategies to mitigate the factors affecting the effective use of ICT in NN training. These are the provision of sufficient ICT facilities, adequate and effective internet service (broad bandwidth) with constant power supply among others. Implications:- From the findings, for the NN to be efficient and relevant in joint operations with other navies of the world and also achieve operational efficiency locally at sea and ashore, the proffered six strategies should be implemented. The Nigerian Navy, through integrated and coordinated use of the ICT in training, can also improve its responsiveness to security issues and effectiveness in the discharge of its overall duty to the nation, with the increased network capability that ICT offers. Originality/Value: This research has not been published in any journal before. Its originality lies in its ability to enable the NN to fully embrace the use of ICT for training to become relevant and effective in joint operations with other navies of the world.
Page(s): 256-271 Date of Publication: 03 December 2019
Download PDF
This study was carried out to investigate the influence of students’ self-concept on their academic achievement in secondary school mathematics. The researchers employed descriptive survey research design. Two (2) research questions and two (2) hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised of two thousand, four hundred and one (2401) SS2 students from the thirty-one (31) secondary schools in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. A sample of one hundred and fifty (150) students from five (5) schools were selected through random sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was Students’ Self-Concept Questionnaire (SSQ) structured on a four point Likert scale. The instrument was validated by three (3) experts from University of Nigeria Nsukka. Cronbach Alpha formular was used to ascertain the internal consistency of the questionnaire and a reliability coefficient of 0.908 was obtained. Mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while chi-square (χ 2) and t-test were used to test the null hypothesis 1 and 2 respectively at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the students’ self-concept influences their academic achievement in mathematics with overall mean of 2.6273 and it is statistically significant. Also, students’ gender does not influence their academic achievement in mathematics with overall mean of 2.2660 which isn’t statistically significant. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that classroom teachers should use some teaching strategies that would boost students’ academic self-concept which will in turn promote their academic achievement in mathematics.
Page(s): 272-277 Date of Publication: 05 December 2019
Download PDF
The phenomenon of betrothal of the Konkomba girl-child and the resultant early marriage is a very serious cultural issue that the people of Saboba have to grapple with. For instance, records from the Saboba District Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) indicate that up to one hundred cases of girl-child betrothal were recorded between the years 2002 and 2005, and of this number, more than seventy percent are cases from Nalogni. These numbers exclude unreported cases. The case study approach was used for investigating the research problem. Purposive sampling was first used to identify the respondents, after which random sampling approach was used to select respondents for interviews to be administered. The sample size included seventy respondents (70), out of a total population of four hundred and thirty people, representing 16.2% of the entire population. Of the seventy (70) respondents, the breakdown was as follows; girls betrothed (15), girls not betrothed (15), mothers of girls betrothed (10), fathers of betrothed (10), mothers of girls not betrothed (6), fathers of girls not betrothed (6) and key persons (8). The study revealed the following; that the adherence to a number of Konkomba values accounted for the betrothal of the Komkomba girl-child. These included the following; maintenance of family ties, lineage, ensuring girls marry men of good character, solidification of marriage alliances, and the desire to choose the right partners for these girls.
Page(s): 278-286 Date of Publication: 05 December 2019
Download PDF
The ability of each country’s health insurance to be able to mobilise sufficient funds to finance health care, to allocate these funds and organise health care delivery to produce the much needed health benefits from majority of the people and how to control the cost of health care services depend by and large on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the administrative and organizational structure of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). That is the focus of this paper, to explore the strengths and weaknesses of Ghana’s Health Insurance Scheme and to advice the way forward. Multi-stage sampling was used, the study areas are first divided into identified communities, where the sample of communities were selected from these clusters, from which sampled households were drawn from each identified community through a sample frame. The survey method of data collection was used, with the questionnaire as the principal instrument designed to collect relevant information from 200 respondents. The primary data was collected through interviews from both closed-ended and open-ended questions, and discussions with key informants such as the scheme managers, as well as management of provider facilities from a special questionnaire that was designed for them. The following strengths were identified in the Insurance Scheme, incentives regime through exemptions for the very young and the aged subsidized through government taxes, allowing for continuous payment of premium by instalments and registration phases across the years, identification of vertical linkages to the Regional and National Health Insurance and horizontal linkages with service provides. On the weaknesses threatening the scheme, the staff situation show the need for more skilled training, poor community participation and poor flow of information also threaten the scheme.
Page(s): 287-295 Date of Publication: 05 December 2019
Download PDF
Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance is undergoing strategic change management in its operations. Some of these changes include automating its systems, creation of a self-sustaining supply model, providing market and demand driven medical supplies, and getting autonomy from ministry of health in relations to procurement of medical supplies, and distribution of medical supplies. Despite the advantages of the changes being implemented, Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance has faced diverse challenges in the change. This study aimed at investigating the influence of resource management on the performance of Kenya Medical Supplies Authority In Nairobi City County, Kenya. A case study was utilized in this study. Employees of Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance who are in senior management, and the supply chain, procurement and finance departments at Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance formed the target population. These include senior managers, supply chain officials, procurement officials, and finance officials. The study sample size was 70 respondents which was obtained through the use f simple random sampling method. To address particular study objectives, a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used for gathering the required data. The pilot survey was carried out on seven Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance staff and were not included in the final research to test the instrument’s validity and reliability. The alpha coefficient of Cronbach was used to determine internal consistency and construct validity with 0.7 considered adequate for reliability. The study found that resources management had a positive and significant influence on performance of Kenya Medical Supplies Authority performance. The study concluded that utilization of information technology resources was highly rated by the respondents in regard to resources management aspects. The study recommended that enough financial resources should be utilized to improve the performance of the Kenya Medical Supplies Authority in the leadership of strategic change elements.
Page(s): 296-299 Date of Publication: 05 December 2019
Download PDF
This study assessed the influence of the leadership attributes of the Head of schools on the student academic performance in public and private secondary schools. Explanatory cross-sectional survey design with a concurrent mixed approach using both primary and secondary data were employed. A total of 202 teachers used to provide evidence on heads of schools attributes in influencing students’ academic performance using questionnaires, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 23 for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Significant relationship between integrity and students’ academic performance was revealed. However, inspirational attributes negatively correlated between students’ academic performance. In addition, the results reveal that there was weak, positive and significant relationship between competency and academic performance. The study concluded that integrity and competency attributes significantly influence positively the students’ academic performance while inspirational negatively influences students’ academic performance. Therefore, the study recommends the government to allocate enough funds for professional development for the aspirant of head of secondary schools and review educational policy on the training and development of teachers before and after appointment into headship post.
Page(s): 300-310 Date of Publication: 06 December 2019
Download PDF
With the rapid growth of E-Learning programmes in the education sector, many educational institutions integrate E-Learning mode as an option to better serve students’ needs. E-Learning has been growing up in today’s technology generation; therefore, there is a need for evaluating this new learning style across the different educational field. The current review highlights the main factors, issues, and point views of the use E-Learning with students. It attempts to discuss the benefits and challenges of E-Learning with different students and in various contexts. Some valuable suggestions for researchers and the direction of future research in the field of E-Learning have also been discussed.
Page(s): 311-317 Date of Publication: 07 December 2019
Download PDF
The purpose of this article is to advocate for the institutionalisation and implementation of reflective practice in the Zambian education system so that quality assurance among primary school teachers is achieved. Reflective practice is a common phenomenon in successive and effective educational systems and teachers in the world. It has been regarded as one of the characteristics successive and quality educational systems and teachers in the world (Rarieya, 2005). This means that the quality of any educational system and teachers can be measured by their engagement in reflective practice. From the above it can be said that reflective practice is closely related to quality assurance in that the quality of any educational system and teachers is to a larger extent affected by the presence or absence of reflective practice. Researchers (Stanton, 1990; Braun & Crampler, 2005) have indicated that primary school teachers who do not engage in reflective practice their teaching become haphazardly, accidentally and superficially done. Such primary school teachers are more likely to teach in the same way they were taught and this would result into the repetition of the same ineffective strategies and this automatically affect the quality assurance of the educational system.
Page(s): 318-322 Date of Publication: 08 December 2019
Download PDF
The study, paper empirically estimates University of Education, Winneba (UEW) multi-product costs using the flexible quadratic cost function. Statistical results suggest that there are both economies of scale and scope in UEW multi-production. Furthermore, there exist product-specific diseconomies of scope for Fulltime output suggesting that it is more costly or cost disadvantage for UEW producing that output in isolation from other outputs. There exist product-specific economies of scope for Distance and Sandwich outputs respectively suggesting cheaper joint production of each output.
Page(s): 323-327 Date of Publication: 08 December 2019
Download PDF
The study focused on determining the effect of employee motivation on their performance, using Kenya Bureau of Standards Headquarters, Nairobi as a case study. Motivation is a catalyst of behavior and as such, to cultivate a behavior of success in an organization it is imperative to ensure that employees have the relevant motivating factors in place. The objectives for the study were; to establish the effect of employee reward and recognition and job design on their motivation. The study was supported by the Maslow’s Theory of Motivation and the Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. The research design used for the project was descriptive design. The population consisted of all the employees at KEBS Headquarters, Nairobi which comprises of 220 employees. The study adopted the census approach; therefore, all the 220 employees were included. Primary data was collected with the aid of questionnaires and a descriptive analysis carried out to interpret and analyze the variables. Data analysis was carried out using statistical tools such as SPSS and through Descriptive Analysis. Correlation and regression analysis was conducted to establish the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables. Analyzed data was presented in tables, figures, and charts. From the analysis the co-efficient value for reward was 0.506, which was statistically significant. The co-efficient value for job design was 0.060, which was statistically insignificant.
Page(s): 328-337 Date of Publication: 08 December 2019
Download PDF
The existence of differential earnings between male and female is taken as a universal phenomenon in almost all countries regardless of the nature and structure of the economic system. Research on gender earnings gap in Ghana is relatively a very new area of social research. One is not therefore in a position to tell how acute the gender earnings differential is in the Ghanaian economy. This paper is an attempt to contribute to bringing into the limelight the social phenomena of gender earnings gap in Ghana through empirical evidence by estimating the Household Heads gender earnings gap in Ghana based on data from The Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six (GLSS6).The paper used a formalized method to analyze the log annual earnings differential between male and female Household Heads to determine what portion of their earnings differential is due to skills and discrimination. The findings suggests that males Household Heads in Ghana from the GLSS 6 data with sample average female characteristics earn 63% more than female Household Heads in Ghana with matching level of characteristics, ceteris paribus.
Page(s): 338-343 Date of Publication: 08 December 2019
Download PDF
Postgraduate supervision and particularly the student-supervisor relationship in doctoral studies has recently become a topic of great discussion in the academic arena. The relationship between the student and the supervisor is central to the successful completion of doctoral studies. As such, the focus of this study was to explore the nature of the student-supervisor relationship in the completion of educational doctoral studies in two African universities, namely, Nelson Mandela University in South Africa and Moi University in Kenya. Aqualitative approach was used, located within an interpretivist paradigm and positioned as an intrinsic interpretive case study. Convenient and purposive sampling was utilized to select participants who had recently completed their doctoral studies in education within the last five years. An individual semi-structured interview and drawings were used to generate the data with ten participants, five from each of the two Universities. The data was analysed thematically and the model for interpersonal supervisor behaviour of Mainhard, Roeland, Tarkwijk and Wubbels (2009), was used to make meaning of the findings. The conclusions from the findings were used to generate implications which could be helpful to university management in improving postgraduate supervision and in so doing, promote the success rate of doctoral studies in African universities.
Page(s): 344-350 Date of Publication: 09 December 2019
Download PDF
This study aims to produce the products of class XII students of SMK. This research is a research development of career information services with flash player-based video animation media for readiness to enter the workforce. Subjects taken in this study using a random technique that is 49 students. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, observation and interviews. Analysis of the data used is quantitative descriptive. The results showed that career information services with animated video media have the potential for work readiness at SMK Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung and career information services with animated video media produced effectively assist students in preparing to enter the workforce with the effectiveness of animated video media by 77.84%. Career information services using animated video media can be used as an additional reference for school counselors to make decisions in the selection of students’ careers.
Page(s): 351-354 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
This article examines the pre-plebiscite and the post plebiscite discourse that culminated into the creation of a police force in West Cameroon. The discussions which gained added impetus from 1959 was part of Southern Cameroons quest for security guarantees in the context of the struggle for statehood. The paper argues that Southern Cameroons debated her security situation from a disadvantageous standpoint and finally attained independence with a police force that could not adequately address security challenges and so had to be succored by the gendarmes from the Republic of Cameroun. British partial commitment to the task of creating an indigenous police force for Southern Cameroons, lack of cohesiveness amongst West Cameroonian politicians and the influence of President Ahmadou Ahidjo informed the conclusions of Southern Cameroons’ security debate.
Page(s): 355-365 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
More recently, there has been an ongoing clamour for the establishment of state police in Nigeria. This, however, is a sharp reaction to the increased spate of crimes and violence in the country, notably the activities of killer herdsmen, BokoHaram insurgents, banditry, kidnapping and other crimes that has been going on unabated. This paper therefore investigates whether the establishment of state police will enhance Nigeria’s national security. The study is anchored on strategic theory as its framework of analysis. It also made use of documentary method of data collection as well as content analysis. The study discovered that over-centralization of the Nigerian Police Force has led to an increase in crimes and violence in the country. The study strongly recommends among others, a decentralization of the Nigerian Police Force to the level of state police as this will help contain violence at the grassroot/community level before they escalate to threaten the national security of the country.
Page(s): 366-372 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
The literature on the museum studies has primarily focused on the study of cultural and heritage memory with a secondary focus on tourism agenda. Given the extraordinary expansion of the museum sector worldwide in the recent decades, the development of museums exhibition has not yet been examined within the broader of interface design perspectives. Thus, it is an appropriate time to expand this range of analytical concerns by looking in depth on the exhibition characteristics of the so-called ‘new look of museum’. This article seeks to review the exhibition’s characteristics that commonly used in Malaysian museums. The goal is not easily to generate a generic survey or typology of museum displays, but to describe the use of different forms of museum exhibition within the specific characteristics.
Page(s): 373-377 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
Too often in the past, the contributions of indigenous people to forest conservation have largely been ignored or belittled by the colonial administrators. Yet indigenous people controlled most of the world’s natural forest through their traditional practices, and often strong conservation ethics. The study explores the role of the indigenous groups and the colonial government in the conservation of Kilum-Ijim forests. Based on information collected through oral interviews, archival materials, published and unpublished works, the study contends that the original practices in the conservation of forest by communities of the Kilum-Ijim and Bamenda Grasslands forest as a whole have been diluted over the years, following contact with exogenous forces such as colonialism which introduced colonial laws, encapsulated in Ordinances. The colonial powers believed that their policies were superior to local customs and traditions of Africans, as a result; they imposed forest policies, which over the years have gradually seen the disappearance of the hitherto rich cultural heritage. Hence, their involvement in forest conservation, preservation methods, difficulties encountered and the consequences of modern forest policies on the local forests in the Bamenda grassland, constitute the analysis of this paper.
Page(s): 378-387 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
The objective of this study is to examine Bank fraud and internal control measures in Nigeria. Bank fraud refers to illegal financial acts perpetrated by both bank staff and outsiders, or bank staff in connivance with outsiders, and intended to deceive, mislead and steal company property – monetary or otherwise – to satisfy personal needs or desires. The study utilised secondary sources of data which contents were anaylsed. The work place deviance and fraud triangle theories were adopted to anchor the study. The results suggest that bank fraud is prevalent and widespread in Nigeria, and therefore, it requires effective and efficient programmes to bring it under control, so as to boost investors’ confidence and protect customers or depositors interests.
Page(s): 388-396 Date of Publication: 10 December 2019
Download PDF
The study intended to establish how resource availability influenced the participation of female students in Physical Education and Sport (PES) in tertiary institutions in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. The article adopted a qualitative paradigm and the descriptive survey method. The interview and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Data were presented in narrative form and analysed qualitatively in line with the aim of this study. The sample comprised eighteen female students who were studying PES as a specialisation subject and two PES specialist lecturers purposively selected from the two tertiary institutions. The findings revealed that there were imbalances in resource availability and provision in PES between male and female students. Financial sponsors appear to prefer funding males to females. The biased provision and allocation of financial, material and human resources tended to hinder the participation of female students in PES. The research also found that there was absence of female role model and mentors, and this was a militating factor in female students’ participation in PES. The study recommended that tertiary institutions introduce awareness programmes where chief sponsors for PES are sensitised so as to avoid gender bias in resource provision between male and female students. It was also recommended that teacher training colleges and universities create more opportunities to train and upgrade female specialist lecturers and personnel in PES as a way of nurturing possible role models and mentors.
Page(s): 397-404 Date of Publication: 11 December 2019
Download PDF
Background: According to WHO stroke is second leading cause of death while progressive condition gets worse over the time and cause severe weakness and health deteriorations. In both conditions the role of occupational therapy is vital to provide independency in daily lives by provision of adaptive devices. Objective: This study intends to find the effectiveness of adaptive devices on functionality and quality of life of patients with multiple conditions. Method: Patients with stroke and progressive conditions including RA (rheumatoid arthritis), Parkinsonism disease, multiple sclerosis and other conditions were assessed with FIM SCORING and WHQOL before start ADL TRAINING .22 sessions were conducted by providing Occupational therapy guidelines, suggestions and ADL training with help of ADAPTIVE DEVICES .then they were re assessed with the same tools. Results: Marked improvement according to the results of FIM scoring and WHQOL showed the importance of adaptive devices and their great role in person’s independence level Conclusion: Use of adaptive devices is very important to provide independent life as the main goal of Occupational Therapy treatment and to improve the functionality and quality of life as well
Page(s): 405-408 Date of Publication: 11 December 2019
Download PDF
Nigerian engineers, researchers and industrial or product designers are not short of design outputs and creativity compared to their foreign counterparts, relative to resources and facilities available to them. However, while many of our researches and design outcomes never make it to the open market (as many of them are gathering dusts in engineering and design galleries and shelves), the few that eventually get introduced to the user or consumer in the market place often fair poorly relative to their foreign alternatives. Based on a survey of consumer opinions conducted, this study showed that the utility derived from local products and contents (which have foreign alternatives) is not so different from the utility derived from the foreign alternatives. This paper therefore, based on this result, discussed how improved persuasive drives, consumer need analysis, product persuasiveness and aesthetics may be adopted for the improvement of local Nigerian product designs and research outputs with emphasis on the local product development process.
Page(s): 409-418 Date of Publication: 12 December 2019
Download PDF
Maternity protection has gained salience in the last few decades as women of child-bearing age are increasingly joining the labour market. Policies that ensure maternity protection schemes that include paid maternity leave are important in safeguarding the health and livelihood of women and children. Research-based evidence generally suggests that maternity protection is associated with higher rates of breastfeeding and vaccinations in low and middle income countries. Longer paid maternity leave may reduce infant and maternal mortality. With more and more women of child-bearing age entering the workforce, governments it is incumbent for governments to adapt policies that guarantee that employed mothers and their families are able to provide essential care during pregnancy, delivery and lactation, without losing income and employment opportunities. Inadequate maternity protection undermines maternal and infant health care, thereby forcing families into catastrophic and impoverishing healthcare expenditure. Manifestly, more effort is needed to bridge the gap between international aspirations for maternity protection, as reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the International Labour Organisation’s Decent Work Agenda and the poignant realities in low income countries. Zimbabwe, like most developing countries does not have a maternity protection social insurance scheme for working women, in spite of its critical importance to the well-being of women and children as well as to social and economic development. This paper, thus, endeavours to present robust arguments for the development and introduction of a maternity protection scheme in Zimbabwe, while acknowledging that currently the country offers substantial maternity protection through constitutional and legislative provisions that enjoin the state and employers to ensure that there is a considerable measure of maternity protection. Although the constitutional and legislative provisions provide a significant foundation for maternity protection policies and programmes, they are not adequate as they do not sufficiently address the issue address of maternal and child healthcare and cash benefits to cater the costs attendant to maternity.
Page(s): 419-426 Date of Publication: 12 December 2019
Download PDF
This conceptual review paper synthesis exiting theories and findings to collates relevant school and classroom strategies in inclusive schooling context that maximises teaching and learning among visually impaired children. The study guided by social justice and equity lenses to education to extract 50 research literature from google scholar search using the Boolean search method. The conclusion drawn from this study is that at the methodological level situating inclusive educational research within the social justice and equity approaches help researchers and practitioners to adopt more inclusive methods that elicit critical and peripheral to create critical and inclusive knowledge. The broad conclusion drawn on from the empirical review is that responsive strategies for promoting inclusive learning among visually impaired students begin with family-school collaboration toward adapting teaching to learners’ contexts and peculiar backgrounds. The teaching and learning strategies should marry concrete, participatory and unifying learning experiences. In advancing these strategies teachers must demonstrate positive feelings; adapt to the students’ level, maintain positive communication with students, motivate, elicit and sustain student’s attention in the learning process. This paper argues for a detailed future longitudinal qualitative study on responsive teaching and learning strategies from variety of cultural and socio-economic contexts. This is crucial in developing better models for maximising learning among the visually impaired in school and classroom contexts.
Page(s): 427-436 Date of Publication: 12 December 2019
Download PDF
This study has the purpose to prove and analyze the influence of Competence, Organizational Support, Academic Culture and Paternalistic Leadership Styles on the Achievement Motivation and Its Impact on the Research Productivity of lecturers in Higher Education Service Institution (DIKTI) Region VI Central Java. The data used in this study was the primary data source taken from the questionnaire. The population in this study were all permanent lecturers at private tertiary institutions in Higher Education Service Institution (DIKTI) (LLDIKTI) Region VI Central Java accredited by AIPT “A” and accessible, with the number population of 575 lectures and 237 as the samples of the study. The data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the hypothesis testing prove that (1) Competency, paternalistic leadership style and academic culture have no significant effect on the productivity of lecturers in conducting research, (2) Organizational support has a significant negative effect on the productivity of lecturers in conducting research, (3) Competence, Academic Culture and paternalistic leadership style significantly influence the achievement motivation of lecturers in conducting research, (4) Organizational support does not affect the achievement motivation of lecturers in conducting research, (5) Achievement motivation has a positive effect on the productivity of lecturers in conducting research.
Page(s): 437-443 Date of Publication: 13 December 2019
Download PDF
The role of education in engendering and facilitating country’s socio-economic, political and cultural development can never be over-emphasized, most especially in a situation where the education is given due consideration and proper management. This paper argued that Nigeria’s education has fallen below all standards, these falling standards from primary to tertiary institution remain a major problem in Nigeria’s education, the quality of the products of various institutions leaves much to be desired, and graduates of Nigerian tertiary institutions are unemployable for their deficiencies. In fact, the pathetic state of education in the country epitomizes the intensity of decay and degradation as well as illustrates the endemic hopelessness, despair and uncertainty under which Nigerians live, and part of its contributing factor is lack of proper management. However, the paper access Nigeria’s education and the extent at which lack of proper management has affected quality assurance in the education sector. The paper recommended among others: that an adoptive restructuring style and patterns of educational management should be developed to meet the new demands. There is also the need to create hospitable quality culture amongst members of the institution. The paper is divided into six part, the first part contained the introductory part, the second part is concerned with definition of concepts, while the third part examined the Nigeria’s education in historical perspective, the forth section assessed the education’s management tools for quality assurance. The fifth section builds a congruency between a well managed education and national development and sixth is the conclusion and recommendations.
Page(s): 444-450 Date of Publication: 13 December 2019
Download PDF
The main purpose of this study was to assess Nigerian prospective mathematics teachers’ knowledge of fractions. This study adopted descriptive research design using ex-post facto type. The study population comprised of all 300L prospective mathematics teachers in F.C.T College of Education, Zuba Abuja. The study used Fraction Knowledge Test (FKT) and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 68 prospective mathematics teachers who were selected by the use of simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions at 0.05 level of significance. Result of the findings revealed that prospective teachers displayed better fraction knowledge on procedure than on conception; they had difficulty in division of fractions because of their inadequate knowledge in multiplicative thinking and their fraction procedural knowledge moderately correlated with their problem solving. Based on the findings, it was recommended that universities and colleges of education in Nigeria should, as a matter of urgency, help prospective teachers to develop deep understanding of mathematics (especially fraction concept) that they need for their future teaching and proper monitoring of teaching activities in both primary and secondary schools school be intensified.
Page(s): 451-455 Date of Publication: 13 December 2019
Download PDF
The issue of adjustment has been a major challenge to adolescents, especially those in the secondary schools. This paper highlighted some of the major challenges of the adolescents with regard to the elements that constitute their adjustment problems, issues associated with the adolescent’s adjustment process and the necessary fundamentals to their adjustment process. Based on these, the researcher made suggestions for counselling.
Page(s): 456-462 Date of Publication: 13 December 2019
Download PDF
The purpose of the study was to analyze the magnitudes and diagnostics of disparity in urban-rural household welfare in Nigeria. This was necessitated by the fact that, apart from some pockets of income disparity analyses, no spatial analysis of urban-rural disparity in welfare presently exists in the country. To achieve the aim, relevant data were sourced from Annual Abstract of Statistics 2016and 2017 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016-17. The welfare status was computed by weighted sum of household assets, while the disparities between rural and urban areas were computed by absolute and relative disparity indexes. The determinants of disparity in household welfare were analyzed by regression statistics. The results show that on the average rural households are 50.34% lower in welfare status than the urban areas while the regression model accounts for 95.6% of the urban-rural disparities in the country. This calls for concerted efforts toward reducing the inequality in development between the urban and rural areas in the country. To this end, it is recommended that rural-urban linkage development strategy be adopted and that massive rural infrastructure development particularly road construction and rural electrification be embarked upon by the three ties of government in the country .This will not only reduce the imbalance, but will increase the interaction between urban and rural areas, which is necessary for the achievement of a balanced development.
Page(s): 463-471 Date of Publication: 14 December 2019
Download PDF
This study assessed the influence of the integrity attribute of the school leaders on the student academic performance in the secondary schools. Explanatory cross-sectional survey design with a concurrent mixed approach using quantitative and qualitative data were employed. A total of 202 teachers used to provide evidence on heads of schools integrity in influencing students’ academic performance using questionnaires, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 23 for quantitative data, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Significant relationship between integrity and students’ academic performance was revealed. The study concluded that integrity attribute significantly influence positively the students’ academic performance Therefore, the study recommends the government to allocate enough funds for professional development for the aspirant of head of secondary schools and review educational policy on the training and development of teachers before and after appointment into headship post.
Page(s): 472-481 Date of Publication: 14 December 2019
Download PDF
Character Building for integrated islamic school is due to create students with character. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring of character building in Integrated Islamic Schools. The research approach refers to objectives, so this research is a qualitative study. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomena about what experienced by research subject is. The research design used by researchers is qualitative descriptive. Qualitative descriptive is when data is collected in the form of words or images, it is not related to numbers, but rather to the process. The results of the study are the planning of building character, starting from determining the vision, mission, and goals of the school based on Islamic and BPI (Islamic Personal Development); organizing character building in the formation and division of teacher implementation tasks for student activities in character building with student activities through BPI (Islamic Personal Development), students are divided into groups and each group is accompanied by a teacher; implementation of character building by means of the principal directing the teacher through the workshop activities, the teacher guides students by means of BPI (Islamic Personal Development), in order to achieve the school’s goals; supervision of character building by evaluating to find out students already have character building according to the school’s objectives from BPI (Islamic Personal Development) learning results.
Page(s): 482-484 Date of Publication: 14 December 2019
Download PDF
From the period of the Protestant reformation and Catholic Counter reformation, there have been numerous incidences of antagonism between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Indeed in Africa, the two Christian traditions introduced denominationalism and were always competing for converts. However, Christianity being one religion does not mean the different branches must of necessity compete, but can learn from each other. This paper looks at the lessons that contemporary Protestants can draw from the Society of Jesus, one of the major players in consolidating Roman Catholicism since the reformation period.
Page(s): 485-488 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
Turnbull (2011) statement that the direction an individual’s profession takes is influenced by kind of school attended mirrors the importance of secondary schools in talent identification. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the influence of rugby players’ secondary schools rugby playing experience on talent identification for players in rugby clubs in Kenya. The following null hypothesis was formulated and tested: that there is no significant difference in the mean rugby talent identification index when the influence of the players’ rugby secondary school rugby playing experience is classified as high or low. Data were collected using Questionnaires and interviews from rugby players (n= 125) and coaches (n=15) during the 2016/2017 Kenya Rugby Union league competition. Data were analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistics of Chi- square test of independent measures. Results indicate that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the mean rugby talent identification index when the influence of the rugby players’ secondary schools’ rugby playing experience is classified as high or low, accepted. The findings consequently reveal that there is no evidence that the rugby secondary school playing experience has a significant influence in talent identification of rugby players in rugby clubs in Kenya. The study however recommends that the school teams should still be used as a pathway for talent identification. There is also need to look into the intra-murals in order to capture those who might not play in the school teams for various reasons. Other studies involving the rest of the socio-cultural attributes that are likely to impact on talent identification like family, coaches, peers, club infrastructure, need to be conducted .
Page(s): 489-493 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
This study aim is to produce products such as media android based applications for career information services on the learner SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung. This research is development. Subjects were taken in this study using the technique of random as many as 26 learners in SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung. Data collection using questionnaires and observation. Analysis of the data used to use conversion guidelines assessment scores into five categories to see the differences between the mean pretest and posttest mean then performed paired samples Test. Products that dihasil own validation subject matter experts, expert design, and media experts, each of which states that the product is eligible for ujicobakan after the revision. The results of the small group trial, limited testing and field trials produce products in very good criteria. Furthermore, the products produced in the form of Android-based applications have a significant efficacy for career information services. This is confirmed by the results of Test paired samples were obtained 38437 t count> t table 2086 thus then, Ho is rejected and Ha accepted, which means that there is an increasing before and after using android based applications for career information services.
Page(s): 494-498 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
Homosexuality has existed for years now. The bible gives us several hints that homosexuals do exist. However the issue that has been escalating in the contemporary society is the fact that the church is torn in between; to accept and accommodate this community or to expel them once they are discovered. However, some churches are already seen making progress towards accepting and accommodating homosexuality to an extent that some of their priests are allowed to be homosexuals. The turn of events in Kenya which have seen the homosexuality community take matter in the courts as they carry out their demonstrations on the streets implies an awakening time for the push of its legalization. This paper empirically discusses the contemporary sexuality dilemma in the church.
Page(s): 499-503 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
Women are financially disadvantaged more than men, for this reason most women in rural areas form a non-governmental organization group like Women Center For The Protection Of The Abused, Optimal Foundations Nigeria Limited, Women/Civil Rights Concern (CRC), Women In Agriculture Foundation, credit associations such as “The village savings and loan associations which enable them pool fund together and allocate loan to its members with little or no interest. The aim of this study is to determine the degree in which women organization affects the community development in Nigeria. 107 participants and the administrators of the various group are interviewed using Key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Majority of the respondents acknowledged that the with the intervention of this women organization; abused individual has gotten justice, delivered from depression and committing suicide, saved from psychological trauma and fear from stigmatization. Additionally, women in rural areas attest that saving association fund have helps them in their farming business. The research adopted survey research method. Data generated was analyzed using simple percentage and frequency tables, therefore, multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypothesis formulated in chapter one. A multivariate regression model was applied to determine the effect and significance of each of the four women organization in the community and each contribution to nation’s development. This was done with the help of statistical package of social sciences (SPSS). The result of the study showed amongst others that: there is significant effect between women organization and community development in Nigeria. From the result, efforts should be geared towards leasing with financial institutions to help in providing funds and insurance to farmers amongst them which will help in transforming their lives and makes them more productive. Second, government assistance is highly needed to help this NGO’s reduce the rate of abuse, suicide and trauma amongst youths; government should always support initiatives from women towards peace and development in the communities; skill acquisition for women should be a recurring decimal for women in the communities especially for the educationally less developed women.
Page(s): 504-509 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
Due to the prevailing cut-throat competition in the global economy, organizations spend much of its resources to enhance their performance. To enhance employees’ performance, they need to be provided with both financial and non-financial reward. This study therefore looked at the effect of intrinsic reward on organization performance in Vihiga county government, Kenya. The study specific objectives were: To examine the effect of trust on organization performance in Vihiga county government, Kenya; To find out the effect of recognition on organization performance in Vihiga county government, Kenya; and To establish the effect of promotion on organization performance in Vihiga county government, Kenya. The researcher employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of nine departments in the county government. Specifically, the study targeted 2, 819 employees out of which 350 employees were sampled. The researcher collected data using questionnaires. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and simple linear regression were used to estimate the influence of intrinsic reward on organization performance of county government in Vihiga County. The study found out that promotion had the highest effect on organization performance followed by trust and recognition. The study also revealed that promotion, trust and recognition accounted for 29.8%, 22.2 and 18.2% respectively of the variability in organization performance. Intrinsic reward also had a positive and significant effect on organization performance and accounted for 28.7% of the variability in organization performance. The study therefore recommended that organization that wishes to register an increase in organization performance should provide their employees with intrinsic reward packages mainly promotion, trust and recognition.
Page(s): 510-524 Date of Publication: 15 November 2019
Download PDF
Social media has become a necessity for everyday life. More than half of Indonesians are internet users, who spend most of their time on social media. This is a phenomenon that opens up great opportunities for companies to digitize their business ventures. Ads are increasingly rampant starting from Facebook, Instagram and Youtube. Whatever type of product and service purchases is switched, from offline to online. In social media there are content, advertisements using endorsers (celebrities), and online reviews that customers count into. Other thing that could affect the brand equity is the perceived connection/relationship between the customer and the brand itself. Therefore, in this study, the author would examine the influence of Social Media Marketing towards Brand Equity with Self-Brand Connection as an intervening variable. The results of this study prove that social media marketing has positive effect on brand equity with self-brand connection as mediation.
Page(s): 525-529 Date of Publication: 15 December 2019
Download PDF
Increasingly, conventional pedagogical devices demonstrate their inadequacy in considering the individual difficulties of high school and college students, particularly in developing countries such as Benin, which use a constantly improving study program. This study proposes to study the influence of an efficient use of tutoring strategy between students on the management of individual difficulties. The study was carried out in a secondary school of Kpozoun located in the department of zou in Benin. An experimental device with two subclasses of 5th form was used to test the effectiveness of classroom tutoring in solving students’ individual difficulties. Interviews with learners followed to assess their individual experience with the tutoring mechanism, whether in the tutor’s or tutored position. It emerges from this study that the combined use of the traditional Teaching/Learning/Evaluation strategy with the tutoring strategy between the learners has made it possible to minimize or even eliminate individual difficulties of student, contrary to the teaching / learning / evaluation method, which leaves learners with great difficulties after the plenary. Thus, tutoring is a strategy whose implementation among learners can contribute to solving a large number of learners’ individual difficulties.
Page(s): 530-536 Date of Publication: 16 December 2019
Download PDF
Readiness to engage in careers is an issue that is often faced by Malaysian students. Unemployed graduates continue to be a growing problem in Malaysia. Some employers consider academic competence alone is inadequate and begin to urge higher education institutions producing graduates equipped with technical skills. In general, this study aimed to identify the level of readiness of technical students for job employability at six vocational colleges in Johor. The population of this study was final year technical students at six vocational colleges in Johor. There were 300 respondents selected as the sample, using the formula by Krejcie and Morgan. A questionnaire was utilised as the instrument of this study with reliability alpha value of α = .720. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 software. Descriptive analysis in the form of scores was used to see whether students were equipped with job employability skills. The students’ level of readiness was 4.33 for their knowledge, 4.32 for skills and 4.31 for attitude. Therefore, it can be concluded that technical students are ready to enter the world of work.
Page(s): 537-541 Date of Publication: 16 December 2019
Download PDF
The relationship between financial development and growth has been studied extensively by researchers in the past decade. The World Bank and other financial institutions have declared that by 2020, all world population need to have bank accounts for social economic development. Agency banking is one invention aimed at ensuring financial inclusion of rural people towards promoting development. And the World Bank Group in October 2013 postulated the global goal of universal access to basic transaction services as an important milestone toward full financial inclusion—a world where everyone has access and can use the financial services he or she needs to capture opportunities and reduce vulnerability (World Bank 2013b). However, statistics from Kenya Bankers Association (2010) shows that almost 50.0% of the population in rural Kenya have bank accounts. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish the influence of education in enhancing financial inclusion of rural population in Marakwet West Sub County. The study was guided by agency theory and was conducted in Marakwet West Sub County, KCB Mtaani agent outlets. The study used a survey research design approach. Information from Kapsowar KCB branch shows that 156 agents had been registered by December 2014. The manager at Kapsowar KCB Bank Branch acted as a key informant for the research. The sample size involved 113 respondents who were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through use of questionnaires and interviews. Validity, piloting and reliability procedures were undertaken to ascertain the instruments are effective. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of the research are presented in tables. The study found out that financial education (r=0.126), was a significant factors (p<0.05) influencing financial inclusion for rural development in Marakwet West Sub County. The study recommends that financial education should be regularly provided not only to agent operators but also to residents from all corners of the study area, there is need for the agents to have a higher float management levels to facilitated efficiency as some respondents reported underperformance due to ceilings set by the bank. The study findings will be significant to commercial banks (especially KCB Bank) in improving their agency banking services, development partners (World Bank, IMF) and future researchers.
Page(s): 542-552 Date of Publication: 16 December 2019
Download PDF
Readiness is one of the important elements that ensures a lecturer’s preparation before beginning the teaching process. During practical teaching, the lecturer should cover all aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of readiness of technical lecturers in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in practical teaching at vocational colleges. This study is a descriptive survey study using a Likert Scale questionnaire as an instrument. Population of the study were lecturers from six vocational colleges located in the state of Johor. A total of 127 respondents were selected as the sample. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS software version 21.0. The analysis shows that the lecturers’ level of readiness in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes were at high level. In conclusion, the study clearly shows that the vocational college lecturers were ready to implement effective practical teaching.
Page(s): 553-558 Date of Publication: 16 December 2019
Download PDF
This paper analysed financial innovation development in Nigerian banking sector between 2009 and 2018. Using trend analyses and descriptive statistics, we examined four major channels of financial innovation namely; Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Point of Sale terminals (POS), Web/Internet payment (WEBP) and Mobile pay (MBP) channels. The findings revealed that the four innovation channels jointly grew at an average rate of 296.47% in value terms and 112.63% in volume terms between 2009 and 2018. In contrast, activities on value and volume of cheque transactions plummeted during the period with the trend indicating 82.89% and 69.08% decline, respectively. Annual average decline in value and volume of cheque transactions was -13.73% and -7.13%, respectively. The paper compared pre (2000-2008) and post (2009-2018) financial innovation in respect of fraud and forgery cases. We found that on the average, number of fraud and forgery cases increased by 674.63% from 1,127.67 (pre-innovation) to 8,735.22 (post-innovation). Similarly, total amount involved and total expected loss in fraud increased by 53.43% and 34.20%, respectively from pre to post financial innovation. We conclude that financial innovation is a dominant channel of financial transaction in the Nigerian banking sector with potential of crowding out traditional transaction media in the foreseeable future. However, financial innovation is associated with rising incidence of fraud compared to the pre-innovation era and, therefore, calls for drastic measure towards protecting the unsuspecting users of these channels. Effective regulations, guidelines, citizens’ education and adequate monitoring are important in ensuring security and healthy competitiveness in the financial innovation era.
Page(s): 559-570 Date of Publication: 20 November 2019
Download PDF