Institutional Reforms and Mechanisms for Public Financial Accountability in Nigeria: Finding a Recourse to Horizontal Arrangement

Olubunmi D. APELOKO, Celestine O. JOMBO – March 2019 Page No.: 01-10

This paper examines the various institutional reforms and mechanisms put in place to engender public financial accountability in Southwestern Nigeria. The paper utilised both primary and secondary sources of data collection to interrogate the roles of some public institutions and mechanisms for engendering probity in the management of public funds. The primary data were sourced through questionnaire administration and conduct of in-depth interviews (IDIs). A total of 512 copies of questionnaire, constituting 40% of the whole population, were administered to different officers in the selected MDAs. Also, a total number of 49 respondents were selected for interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that various institutional reforms as well as other mechanisms put in place to engender public financial accountability comprises the inclusion of grass-root people into budget preparation (47.3%), strengthening of legislative oversight (57.6%), adoption of ICT and modernization of both internal and external auditing (62.4%). The paper concludes that there were reforms in financial accountability institutions and mechanisms in all the sampled states through which democratic consolidation was ensured at different degrees. .

Page(s): 01-10                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 14 March 2019

 Olubunmi D. APELOKO
PhD, Department of Public Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

 Celestine O. JOMBO
Department of Political Science & Public Administration, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria, and Doctoral Candidate in Political Science at the University of Kwa Zulu-Natal, South Africa

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Olubunmi D. APELOKO, Celestine O. JOMBO “Institutional Reforms and Mechanisms for Public Financial Accountability in Nigeria: Finding a Recourse to Horizontal Arrangement” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.01-10 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/01-10.pdf

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A Study on Self Esteem among HIV/AIDS Affected People

Dr. Winnie Joyce. A – March 2019 Page No.: 11-13

The government of India estimated in the year 2009, there were about 2.40 million people are living with HIV. In this estimation, about 83 % of the people are in the age group of 15-49 years. This is partly because a large part of the world population is young. One fifth of the world population is between 10 and 19 years of age. Since the HIV/AIDS syndrome is essential sexually transmitted disease.
Self-esteem is an essential ingredient in creating and maintaining hope, health and a quality life with HIV/AIDS. Many people living with HIV/AIDS have problems with self-esteem. An attempt has been made in this research to analyse the present status of persons living with HIV / AIDS problem and possible strategies to sort out the issues, social relationship, support measures, self-esteem and quality of life. The researcher made an attempt to describe the characteristics of the HIV/ AIDS person and tested few variable. This study was descriptive in nature. The findings were majority of the respondents 45% belonged to age group of 31-40 years, majority of the respondents 63% of males affected and majority of the respondents were 62% in rural area. Medical social workers assess the psychosocial functioning of patients and families and intervene as necessary. Interventions may include connecting patients and families to necessary resources and supports in the community; providing psychotherapy, supportive counseling, or grief counseling; or helping a patient to expand and strengthen their network of social supports.

Page(s): 11-13                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 14 March 2019

 Dr. Winnie Joyce. A
Assistant Professor, Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

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Dr. Winnie Joyce. A ” A Study on Self Esteem among HIV/AIDS Affected People ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.11-13 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/11-13.pdf

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The Influence of Transformational Leadership towards Employee Feedback Seeking Behaviour
Yang Ching Hian, Ying-Leh Ling – March 2019 – Page No.: 14-22

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between transformational leadership and employee feedback seeking behaviour in construction industry. The study also identified the influence of transformational leadership towards employee feedback seeking in construction industry. The study targeted on 50 employees who were involved in the Sarawak Highway project Kuching, and stratified random sampling technique was used for the sampling. Data was collected using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio & Bass, 2004) and Cavanaugh Feedback Seeking Questionnaires (Cavanaugh, 2016). Pilot study was conducted, in which Alpha Cronbach coefficient of 0.949 was obtained that deemed the survey approach reliable. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis techniques were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there were strong positive and significant correlation between both inspirational motivation (r = .405, p <.01) and intellectual stimulation (r = .306, p <.05) with employee feedback seeking behaviour. The study further depicted that employee feedback seeking behaviour was significant influenced by intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation. The study has shown that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership and employee feedback seeking behaviour. The study further indicated that transformational leadership significantly influences employee feedback seeking behaviour in construction industry, thus encouraging frequency of feedback seeking among employees.

Page(s): 14-22                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 March 2019

 Yang Ching Hian
Wawasan Open University, Malaysia

 Ying-Leh Ling
Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia

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[2]. Abu Hassan Abu Bakar, Amin AkhavanTabassi, MohamadNizamYusof, &NordinAbdRazak. (2015).Knowledge management and growth performance in construction industry.American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information Journal, 9(4), 189–192. doi: 10.1108/MD-01-2015-0006
[3]. Abdul GhaniKanesan& Ling, Y. L. (2015). Feedback environment and job motivation among the middle leaders of educational organizations.Journal of Education and Training, 3(1), 90–105. doi: 10.5296/jet.v3i1.8415
[4]. AniSaifuzaAbdShukor., Faridah Muhammad Halil., Mohammad Fadhil Mohammad., &RohanaMahbub. (2007). Challenges in the integration of supply chain in IBS project environment in Malaysia. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153 (2014), 44–54.
[5]. Anseel, F.&Lievens, F. (2006). A within-person perspective on feedback seeking about task performance. PsychologicaBelgica, 46(4), 269–286. doi: 10.5334/pb-46-4-283
[6]. Bakar, A. H. A., Ramli, M., Roufechaei, K. M., &Tabassi, A. A. (2012). Sustainable housing development and leadership: a review. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 385–395.
[7]. Brutus, C.& Cabrera, E. (2004). The influence of personal values on feedback-seeking behaviours. Management Research, 2(3), 235–250. doi: 10.1108/15365430480000512
[8]. Buda, A.& Ling, Y. L. (2017). The relationship between transformational leadership and organisational commitment in Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak. International Journal of Educational Management. doi: 10.22452/mojem.vol5no4.3.
[9]. Cavanaugh, C. M. (2016). Beyond cheerleaders and checklists: The effects of the feedback environment on employee self-development. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron.
[10]. Chambel, M. J., Lorente, L., Martinez, I. M., &Salanova, M. (2011). Linking transformational leadership to nurses’ extra-role performance: The mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(10), 2256-2266. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05652.x
[11]. Chen, Z. X., Lin, X. S., & Qian, J. (2012). Authentic leadership and feedback-seeking behaviour: An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China. Journal of Management and Organization, 18, 286–299. doi:10.5172/jmo.2012.18.3.286
[12]. Eichhorn, K. C. (2009). A model of feedback-seeking based on the leader–member exchange and communication antecedents. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(2), 184–201.
[13]. Fu, Y., Qian, J., &Zhuo, R. H. (2015). The influencing mechanisms of authentic leadership on feedback-seeking behaviour: a cognitive/ emotive model. Springer Science. doi: 10.1007/s12144-015-9316-z
[14]. HadijahIberahim., MegatTajuddin.,MegatZuhairy.& NorainiIsmail. (2015). Leadership styles and organizational performance in construction industry in Malaysia. Paper presented at Malaysia-Japan Joint International Conference 2015, Ube, Japan.
[15]. Halim, F. A., Libunao, W. H.,&Muda, W. H. N. W. (2017). Exploring leadership capability team leaders for construction industry in Malaysia: training and experience. International Research and Innovation Summit. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/226/1/012201.
[16]. Huang, C., Ou, R., Qian, J., Wang, B., Xia, Y., & Xu, B. (2016). Transformational leadership and employees’ feedback seeking: the mediating role of trust in leader. Social Behaviour and Personality, 44(7), 1201–1207. doi:10.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1201.
[17]. Ismail Abdul Rahman&Nur Ain NgahNasaruddin (2016). Leadership quality for Malaysia construction leader to steer asuccess construction project. Paper presented at the MATEC Web of Conferences, Melaka, Malaysia.
[18]. Jin, Z., Qian, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2017). Leaders’ behaviors matter: the role of delegation in promoting employees’ feedback-seeking behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyq.2017.00920
[19]. Jomon, M. G.&Srikanth, P. B. (2013). Role ambiguity and role performance effectiveness: moderating the effect of feedback seeking behaviour. Asian Academy of Management Journal,18(2), 105–127.
[20]. Lam, W., Huang, X., & Snape, E. (2007). Feedback-seeking behavior and leader-member exchange: Do supervisor-attributed motives matter? Academy of Management Journal, 50, 348–363. doi: 10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634440
[21]. Levy, P. E. & Williams, J. R. 2004. The social context of performance appraisal: A review and framework for the future. Journal of Management,30, 881-905. doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.005
[22]. Ling, Y. L. (2017). Feedback seeking behavior as a mediator linking classroom learning environment and mathematics anxiety. The 2nd International Conference on Teacher Education.Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/325140639_Feedback_Seeking_Behavior_as_a_Mediator_Linking_Classroom_Learning_Environment_and_Mathematics_Anxiety
[23]. Linge, T. K., Ogola, M. G. O., &Sikalieh, D. (2017). The influence of intellectual stimulation leadership behaviour on employee performance in smes in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences, 8(3), 89–100.
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[28]. Wan HanimNadrahMuda. (2017). Leadership capability of team leaders in construction industry. (Unpublished master’s thesis). UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor.
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Yang Ching Hian, Ying-Leh Ling “The Influence of Transformational Leadership towards Employee Feedback Seeking Behaviour” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.14-22 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/14-22.pdf

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The Effects of Integration of Entrepreneurship Education for Self-Reliance among Graduates of N.C.E in North Central Zone of Nigeria

Abubakar, M.B, Ajinuhi, S.A, Hassan, Y. Imufutau, S.A. – March 2019 Page No.: 23-30

The study examines the effects of integration of entrepreneurship education for self-reliance among graduates of NCE with emphasis on vocational education students of Federal and State colleges of education in North Central zone of Nigeria. Six (6) colleges of education in the North Central of Nigeria were used in the study with three (3) from federal and two (2) from state colleges of education. The instrument used was questionnaire and the population sample comprises of 196 respondents. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated which guided the study. The research questions and the hypotheses were answered using the IBM SPSS statistical package version22.The major findings include: there is no significant relationship between level of awareness and students interest in vocational entrepreneurship, but a significant relationship exists between teachers’ competency and the provision of employable skills for students. The findings also reveal that a negative and non-significant relationship exists between community available resources and the teaching and learning of vocational entrepreneurship education. Based on the findings from the study, the following recommendation were made: There is need for student’s awareness of existing employment opportunities in vocational entrepreneurship education right from secondary school which will serve as guide to prospective students that will venture into such discipline.

Page(s): 23-30                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 March 2019

 Abubakar, M.B
School of Secondary Education, Vocational Programmes, Federal Collage of Education Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria

 Ajinuhi, S.A
School of Secondary Education, Vocational Programmes, Federal Collage of Education Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria

 Hassan, Y.
School of Secondary Education, Vocational Programmes, Federal Collage of Education Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria

 Imufutau, S.A.
School of Secondary Education, Vocational Programmes, Federal Collage of Education Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria

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[2]. Ade-ojo, M.I &Ojulomi, S.I (2007) The Relevance of Technical & Vocational Education to National Development
[3]. Ajewole, G.A &Agangan, A.B (2003) Curriculum Enrichment of STM Education as Basis for developing entrepreneurship skills, in Nsika – Abasi. U (ed) Developing Entrepreneurial Skills through STM education STAN.
[4]. Akinsola, A.T, Lawal, J. &Oyedokun, M.R (2000) Innovating Science, Technology & Mathematics (STM) Curriculum and Skills for developing entrepreneurship abilities in secondary schools students in Nsuka – Abosi, U. (ed) Developing Entrepreneurial skills through STM education, A entrepreneurship, STAN.
[5]. Anho, J.E. (2011) Impact of Entrepreneurship Education and Training an University Graduates for Sustainable Development in E.A Anubayi, M.E Akpotu and E.P. Oghuvbu (EDS) A book of Reading Education L.T Entrepreneurship.
[6]. Anho L.E (2014) Entrepreneurship Education: A Panacea for Unemployment Poverty Reducing and National Insecurity in Developing and Underdeveloped countries. American International Journal or Contemporary Research Volume 4 No 3.
[7]. Ayeduso, J.O., Abubakar, M.L, Awoniyi, R.B, Ajinuhi, S.A & Hassan, Y.I (2013) Issues in Entrepreneurship Kontagora, Harmony Print.
[8]. Clorrey, A.H and Libecap, G.D (2003). The Contribution of Entrepreneurship Education; an Analysis of the Berger Programme” International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education. Vol. 1 (3). Pp 385-407.
[9]. Cooper,S, Battomley, C and Gordon, J. (2004). A Stepping Out of the Classroom and up the Ladder of Learning: An Experimental Learning Approach to Entrepreneurship Education? Industry and Higher Education. Vol. 18(1). Pp.11-12.
[10]. F.G.N (2004) National Policy on Education 3rd Education Abuja Federal Government Press.
[11]. FRN (2006) Sensitization Workshop for Policy Makers on Entrepreneurial Education in Higher Education Institution in Nigeria, November 6-7.
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[13]. FRN, (2012) Minimum standards for NCE in VTE Abuja, NCCE.
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[18]. Silas, T.N (2017) An Assessment of Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria Polytechnic. Wonder Hands Journal of the School of Vocational Education Federal College of Education Abeokuta.
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[28]. Nigerian institute for social and economic research, (NISER, (2013), Effectiveness of Vocational Training in Nigeria, Assessment of NOAS Programme of the NDE

Abubakar, M.B, Ajinuhi, S.A, Hassan, Y. Imufutau, S.A. “The Effects of Integration of Entrepreneurship Education for Self-Reliance among Graduates of N.C.E in North Central Zone of Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.23-30 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/23-30.pdf

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Federal Character Principle and the elusive idea of Unity in Contemporary Nigeria: Aspects of Law, Politics and Policy

Adesanya Tolulope & Tenibiaje Mobobola – March 2019 Page No.: 31-35

Nigeria is made up of at least 250 ethnic groups, forcibly merged together by the British government. Shortly after amalgamation and boundary adjustments in 1914, three major ethnic groups emerged while several ethnic groups were classified as minor groups. This unprecedented event made for the domination of a group over others.
This political and administrative anomaly created room for minority oppression and inequality and it became so glaring with its resultant manifestation, leading to a civil war. The aftermaths of the war led to struggles of uniting the country and reconcile the historical differences; the Nigerian government introduced a number of programs or policies such as State Creation, National Youth Service Scheme, Unity Schools and the Federal Character Principle .

Page(s): 31-35                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 18 March 2019

 Adesanya Tolulope
Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

 Tenibiaje Mobobola
Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

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[9]. Ekanem H I.,(2018)The Emptiness of Human Rights Violation Argument, AFRICOM, and the United States’ Anti –Jonathan Administration Disposition on War against Boko-Haram Insurgency and the Outcome of the Presidential Election of 2015in Nigeria. IJASSH.
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[12]. Kayode A., (2015) Federalism and Federal Character Principle in Nigeria: A Dilution, Review of Public Administration and Management. Vol 3 no 7,
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[19]. Watts, M. (2004). Resource curse? Governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics, 9(1)

Adesanya Tolulope & Tenibiaje Mobobola “Federal Character Principle and the elusive idea of Unity in Contemporary Nigeria: Aspects of Law, Politics and Policy” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.31-35 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/31-35.pdf

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Government Agricultural Spending and Agricultural Output in Nigeria (1999-2012)

Dr. Ikwuba Agnes – March 2019 Page No.: 36-44

This paper examines the effect of government agricultural spending on agricultural output in Nigeria. The model built for the study proxy Agricultural Output as the endogenous variable, a function of rate of government expenditure on agriculture, management level (dummied), technological level (dummied), labour in use proxy as the exogenous variables. Annual time series data was gathered from central bank of Nigeria, statistical bulletin, national bureau of statistic (NBS) CBN economic and financial Review bulletin and CBN annuals reports spanning from 1999 to 2012. The study used descriptive test statistic and econometric techniques of Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) unit root test, and Engle Granger single line co-integration test for empirical analysis. The results of unit root suggested that, all variables in the model are stationary at a level. The co-integration test shows that, long- run equilibrium relationship exist among the variables. The study recommends that measures should be undertaken to drive agricultural sector through consistent policies, robust funding, and infrastructural development, judicious use of allocated resources and above all, a genuine democracy and good governance in Nigeria in order to achieve a corresponding output/performance of the sector in Nigeria.

Page(s): 36-44                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Dr. Ikwuba Agnes
Department of Sociology, Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State-Nigeria

[1]. Aboyade, O. and A. Ayida, (1971). “The War Economy in Perspective”, Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 13(1) March 13-17.
[2]. Anonymous (2008b) http://www.gdrc.org/uem/capacity_define.html
[3]. Anyanwu, J.C (1997) “Nigeria Public Finance, Joann Educational Publishers Ltd, Onitsa.
[4]. Bello, A (2003) Ministerial Press Briefing, Abuja Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, December, 2005.
[5]. Bhatia, H.L (2006) History of Economic Thought. New Delhi:Vikas publishing House PVtlimted, Jangpera 4th edition.
[6]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2005).Statistical Bulletin, Lagos CBN.
[7]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2000) Statistical Bulletin, Lagos CBN
[8]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2006) Statistical Bulletin, Abuja
[9]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2009) Statistical Bulletin, CBN, Abuja.
[10]. Derek H. et al (2009) Explaining Agricultural Productivity growth: An International Perspective’ A journal of “International Food Policy Research International (IFPRI), 2033 k street NW, Washington D.C, USA center for Efficiency and productivity analysis, school of economics, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
[11]. Ekerete, P. (2000). “Assessment of Agricultural Contribution to Total Export Marketing in Nigeria”.International Journal of Economics and Development Issues Vo. 1 No.2.
[12]. Ekpebu, I. D (2006) “The Review of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria (1960-1989)” Journal of Economics and Social Research Vol. 7 No. 1
[13]. Ekpo, A &Egwauchide, F. (1994) Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Reconsideration of the Evidence: Journal of Economics Management, 1 (1):100-115
[14]. IFDC, (2005) Agricultural Input Markets in Nigeria: An Assessment and a Strategy for Development, USA: IFDC.
[15]. Iganiga, B. O and D. O Unemhilin (2011) The Impact of Federal Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. Department of Economics, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.
[16]. Iheanacho, C. O (2006) “Impact of Financial Sector Reform on the Supply and Demand for Agricultural Credit in Nigeria” First Bank Plc, Bi-annual Review Vol 8. No. 16
[17]. Jhingan, M. I (2002) Macroeconomic Theory.MayurVihar, Delhi: Vrinda publications Ltd, 10th Edition
[18]. Kakwani, N. and Son, H. H. (2006) How Costly is to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals of Halving Poverty between 1990 and 2015? International Poverty Center Working Paper 19, UNDP.
[19]. Manyong, V. M et al (2005) Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying opportunities for increased commercialization and investment, funded by USAID Nigeria, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
[20]. Mitchell, J.D. (2005). “The impact of Government Spending on Economic Growth.Background”.1831.www.heritage.org/reseacrh/budget/bg1831.cfm.
[21]. Ogbu, J. (2012). Impact of Public Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. (1988-2007). An Undergraduate Research Work, Department of Economic, Benue State University, Makurdi.
[22]. Salawu, R. O (2005) “Essential of public finance” Ile-Ife.Obafemi, Awolowo University Press.
[23]. Samuel, B. (2009) “Public Expenditure and Agriculture Productivity Growth in China” A journal of International Food Policy Research Institution IAAE, Beijing, China.
[24]. Samuelson, P. A and Nordlaus, W.D (2003) “Economics” Delhi’ TATA, Mcgraw-Hill.
[25]. Siyan, P (2002) Introduction to Economic Analysis. Abuja Nigeria: B. Anny publishers, 1st Edition.
[26]. Wagner, A (1893) Grundlegung der PolitischanOkonomie, 3rd Edition Leipzeg, C. F. Winter.
[27]. Wikipedia, (2010a) Economy of Nigeria, http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy of Nigeria.
[28]. World Bank (1997) Rural Development; from vision to action: A sector strategy paper, Washington D.C USA

Dr. Ikwuba Agnes “Government Agricultural Spending and Agricultural Output in Nigeria (1999-2012)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.36-44 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/36-44.pdf

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History and National Integration in Nigeria: An Empirical Overview

Mile Terwase Joshua- March 2019 Page No.: 45-49

In contemporary Nigeria, one would have thought that the rich Nigerian history, its immense human and natural resource endowment, with its democratic attempt so far, a credible effort towards national integration of its society would have been well fostered and achieved. But what one is witnessing so far today, seems to boil down to the fact that we have not yet started and national integration is even a non-issue in national discourse. But the crises that has been sky rocketing the country today so far which made many to call out for all forms of restructuring, have much of its roots traced to this crucial question of national integration. The trust of this paper therefore, is to examine the issue of national integration in Nigeria through an empirical historical perspective with the aim of finding the way forward to the present Nigerian quagmire.

Page(s): 45-49                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Mile Terwase Joshua
Ph.D , Educational Foundations and General Studies, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

[1]. Usman Y.B. (1994) Nigeria History and Nigeria Unity: beyond fairly tales. History Dept, ABU, Zaria. See also Temu, A.J. and Swai, B. (1981) Historians & History, London.
[2]. O’Connell, J. and Beckett, P. (1977) Education and power in Nigeria. London. (1985) (ed) Education and Nation Building in Africa. London. Pall mall press. See also Gibbon, P. (1979) Imperialism and the National Question Some Errors and Some Theses’ Utafiti: Journal of FASS University of Dares Salaam.
[3]. Tahir, 1. (1990) “Constitutional and Political safeguard as for the enhancement of national unity.” In Tukur. M. (ed) Administration and Political development: prospects for Nigeria. Zaria. Institute of Administration, ABU.
[4]. Modibbo, M.A. and Abba, A. (1986) Education and National Integration in Nigeria: problems and prospects. National Seminar on the National Question. Abuja.
[5]. Mangvwat M.Y. (1990) History, class and the National Question. 10th Annual Congress of the HSN.
[6]. Tahir, I. (1990) “Constitutional and Political Safeguards for the Enhancement of National Unity”. In Tukur, M. (ed) Administrative and political Development: prospects for Nigeria. Zaria: Institute of Administration, A.B.U.
[7]. Usman, Y.B. (1999) History and the Challenges to the peoples and polities of Africa in the 21st Century. 44th Annual Congress of the Historical society to Nigeria, Abuja. See also Cottrell, R. (1982) “The White Man will just have to pick up his burden again”, The Daily Telegraph, London.
[8]. Mahmoud Hamman (1994) History and Development in Nigeria: Beyond the legacy of imperialism. 38th Annual Congress of the H.S.N. ABU Zaria.
[9]. Oyegun J.O (1994) “What Type of Conference.” Nigeria: the state of the Nation and the Way Forward. Mahdi et al (ed) Kaduna: Arewa House.
[10]. Tukur. M. (1994) in Adamu, S. “the Nigerian press and Nigerian Unity”. In mahdi et al (eds) Nigeria: the state of the Nation and the way forward. Kaduna: Arewa House. See also Owen. R. and Sutcliffe B. (eds) (1972) Studies in the Theory of Imperialism. London.
[11]. Mangvwat M.Y. (1992) The Settler factor As an Aspect of the National question: Evidence from History. Guest Speech on the Occasion of Pus Kaat (Mwaghavul Day). Mangu.
[12]. Barogo Yolamu, R. (1997) Ethnic Pluralism and Democratic Stability” -The. Basis of Conflict and Consensus in Iyovbaire (ed) Democratic Experience.
[13]. Haruna Dlakwa (1996) Ethnicity in Nigerian Polities: Formation of Political Organisations and Parties. In Okafor, F.U. (ed) New Strategies of curbing Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Nigeria. Enugu, Fourth Dimension Publishers.
[14]. Liddel Hart (1972) Why Don’t We Learn From History? London. See also Aghiri, A. (1980), The Recent Stage of Imperialism and Non-Alignment. Dares Salaam.
[15]. Mangvwat Monday Y (1996) “Bourgeois Crisis in Nigeria”. Newswatch Magaines Past and Present.
[16]. Akpan, N.U. (1986) Ethnicity and Nigeria’s Political Future” Part Two and Three, New Nigeria, Kaduna.

Mile Terwase Joshua, “History and National Integration in Nigeria: An Empirical Overview” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.45-49 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/45-49.pdf

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Ethical Leadership as a Panacea to Organization Conflict in Nigeria

Chibuzor Obi Jude, Keyna Marie Chizoma Eshika, Mallam Joel Tisan, Ndana Salihu Danlami – March 2019 Page No.: 50-56

Many questions on what is the most effective way to handle conflict in public organizations triggered the rationale behind this paper. This paper was an exploration of ethical leadership as a panacea to the organizational conflict in Nigeria. By determining the extent to which ethical leadership can eliminate organizational conflict in Nigeria public organizations. The research work primarily used secondary sources of data in order to unearth issues surrounding organizational conflict. Theory and investigator triangulation were applied in order to ensure the validity and reliability of our findings. The area of concern has attracted many conferences, workshops, and dialogues about the future of Nigerian public organizations as other efforts to eliminate organizational conflicts seemed abortive. The paper explored ethical leadership and found it to comprise essential elements such as humility, fairness, responsibility, respect for others, independence, accountability, and transparency among others. Using Principal-Agency theory, Utilitarian theory and theory of justice and fairness to analyze conflicting situations in an organization discovered that selfish interest, lack of honesty, political interference and lack of humility, injustice among others tend to spring organizational conflict which now leads to organizational-underdevelopment as team spirit is far in the workplace. There is the tendency that the organization will continue to wallow in the militating situation. We recommend that ethical leadership qualities as highlighted in the work should be imbibed in the Nigerian public organizations though, private organizations are not excluded.

Page(s): 50-56                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Chibuzor Obi Jude
M.Sc., Department of Public Administration, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

 Keyna Marie Chizoma Eshika
MPhil/Ph.D., Department of Public Administration, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

 Mallam Joel Tisan
M.Sc., Department of Public Administration, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

 Ndana Salihu Danlami
MPhil/Ph.D., Department of Public Administration, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

[1]. Abubakar, H.I. (2010). “Transparency and accountability in local government administration in Nigeria” A paper presented at a National workshop Organized by Forum of Chairman of Local Government Service Commission of Nigeria 22nd -25th March
[2]. Achebe, C. (1983).The Trouble with Nigeria, Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishing Co. Ltd.
[3]. Agalamanyi, C.U. (2009). Organisational Time Management: Managing Time for Result, International Journal of Studies in the Humanities, Vol.6. No. 1.
[4]. Agboola, T. O. (2016). Work Ethics and Service Delivery in Lagos State Civil Service (2007-2015), ABU Journal of Public Administration, Vol.5. No.2.
[5]. Amujiri, B.A. (2010). “Strategies for Effective Conflict Management and Resolution in Local Government. Nigerian Journal of Public Administration and Local Government, Vol. 15. No. 2.
[6]. Anyebe, A.A. (2015). Organisational Structure and Communication as Tools for Conflict Resolution in Nigeria. Being a Paper presented as a Special Guest Lecturer at the 2015 National Conference and General Assembly of the Nigerian University Professional Administrators at Professor Idris Abdulkadir Auditorial, National Universities Commission, Aja-Nwachuku House, Abuja.
[7]. Bellver, A. and Daniel, K. (2005). “Trans-parenting Transparency: Initial Empirics and Policy Applications,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,(forthcoming) (Washington)
[8]. Blanchard, K. H., O’Connor, M., O’Connor, M. J., & Ballard, J. (1997). Managing by values: BerrettKoehler Pub.
[9]. Brown, M. E., and L. K. Treviño. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. Leadership Quarterly 17 (6):595-616.
[10]. Brown, M. E., L. K. Treviño, and D. A. Harrison. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 97 (2):117-134.
[11]. Chibuzor, O.J. Aniekwe, C.H. Keyna, M.C.E. Mohammad, M.A. and Joel, T.M. (2019). Nigerian Youths and Good Governance, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 2,
[12]. Covey, S. R. (2004). Seven habits of highly effective people: Free Press.
[13]. Credit News, Magazine, August-September, 1998
[14]. De Hoogh, A. H. B., and D. N. den Hartog. (2008). Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader’s social responsibility, top management team effectiveness and subordinates’ optimism: A multi-method study. Leadership Quarterly 19 (3):297-311.
[15]. Deming, T.G. (1986). Seven Deadly Diseases of Managements Indian Journal of Public Administration, Vol.3. No.5, pp. 5669.
[16]. Gini, A. (1998). Moral leadership and business ethics. In J. B. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 27–45). Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
[17]. Guy, M. E. (1990). Ethical decision making in everyday work situations: Greenwood Publishing Group.
[18]. Izueke, E.M.C (2010). “Local Government Administration and Good Governance in Nigeria: Nigerian Journal of Public Administration and Local Government Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Vol. XV. 2. P.74-90.
[19]. Kanungo, R. N., &Mendonca, M. (1996). Ethical dimensions of leadership: Sage Publications, Inc.
[20]. Kaptein, M. 2003. The diamond of managerial integrity. European Management Review 21 (1):99-108.
[21]. Katarina, K.M. Bogdan, L.and Metka, T. (2010). “Ethical Leadership”. International Journal of Management & Information Systems, Volume 14, No. 5.
[22]. Kelly, D. J. (1990). Ethics: The Tone at the Top’. Management Accounting, 70(10), 18-19
[23]. Lasthuizen, K.M. 2008. Leading to Integrity. Empirical Research into the Effects of Leadership on Ethics and Integrity. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: VU University.
[24]. M.E. Brown, L.K. Trevino, and D.A. Harrison, “Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (2005), 97, 117-34.
[25]. Madonald, S.W. and Bendmane, D. B. (1987) Conflict Resolution: Track TwoDiplomacy: Washington, D.C. FS.
[26]. Minkes, A. L., Small, M. W., & Chatterjee, S. R. (1999). Leadership and business ethics: Does it matter? Implications for management. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), 327-335.
[27]. Onyishi, T. O. (2010).Nigeria: a handbook of good governance. Enugu: John Jacob’s Classic Publishers Ltd.
[28]. Pratt, J.W. (2003). Principal and Agents: An Overview. In J.W. and R. J. Zeckhauser (eds), Principal and Agents: The Structure of Business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
[29]. Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[30]. Robbins, S. (2005). Organizational Behavior: New Jersey: Prentice Hall
[31]. Thomas, C. (2001). The Ethical Leader, Executive Excellence (Vol. 18, pp. 15): Executive Excellence Publishing.
[32]. Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past. American Psychologist, 63, 182–196.
[33]. Weaver, G. R., Trevin˜o, L. K., &Agle, B. (2005). Somebody I look up to: Ethical role models in organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 34, 313–330.

Chibuzor Obi Jude, Keyna Marie Chizoma Eshika, Mallam Joel Tisan, Ndana Salihu Danlami “Ethical Leadership as a Panacea to Organization Conflict in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.50-56 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/50-56.pdf

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Challenges of Privacy Protection in the New Media Era

Oriola, M.O, Akase, T.M, Akilla, M.O, Agbele, D.J- March 2019 Page No.: 57-61

This paper considers the challenge of privacy, in relation to the practice of journalism in the era of new media technologies. It draws attention to complications in the issue of privacy and the need for ethical obedience when new media journalists go about gathering and disseminating news stories. The paper also touches on what constitutes the invasion of privacy and how Nigerians have/can deliberately put their right to privacy in danger. Factors that makes privacy protection a challenge in the new media era were also critically examined.The paper equally analyses the ethical provisions of journalism that protects privacy of Nigerians as well as the provisions of the Nigerian constitution on the matter, both provisions were weighed against each other.

Page(s): 57-61                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Oriola, M.O
Ph.D, Department of Creative Arts, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

 Akase, T.M
Ph.D, Department of Mass Communication, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

 Akilla, M.O
Ph.D, Department of English Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

 Agbele, D.J
Department of Mass Communication, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

[1]. Australian Law Reform Commission (2014). Invasion of Privacy in the Digital Era. (Final Report). Sydney: Lugare PTY Ltd
[2]. Bennett, L. W. (2003). “New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism”. In N. Couldry& J. Curran (Eds.), Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World (pp. 17- 37). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
[3]. Businesstopia (2017). Social Responsibility Theory (Online Article) retrieved at https://www.businesstopia.net/mass-communication/social-responsibility-theory
[4]. Cohen-Almagor, R. (2003). Conceptualizing the Right to Privacy. University Press of Florida: Gainesville Florida Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999
[5]. Findlaw (2016). Invasion of Privacy. Retrieved at http://injury.findlaw.com/torts-and-personal -injuries/invasion-of-privacy.html
[6]. Gangopadhay, S. and Dhar, D. (2014). Social Networking Sites and Privacy Issues Concerning Youths. Global Media Journal – India Ediation. Vol. 5 (1) pp1-5
[7]. Kaul, V. (2016). New Media, Part 1: Redefining Journalism. (online Article) retrieved at https://cie.acm.org/articles/new-media-redefining-journalism/
[8]. Limo, A. (2010). Information Ethics and the New Media: Challenges and Opportunities for the Kenyan Education Sector. A presentation at the African Information Ethics Conference, University of Botswana
[9]. Naij.com (2016). ‘Some Nigerians Celebrities Who Posed Nude’. Retrieved at https://www.naij.com/989781-meet-top-12-nigerian-celebrities-posed-nude-check-juicy-photos.html
[10]. Nigeria Code: Code of Ethics for Nigerian Journalists (1998). The Nigeria Press Council
[11]. Nwache, E.S (2007). The Right to Privacy in Nigeria: Centre for Legal Studies Review. Review of Nigerian Law and Practice. Vol 1 (1)
[12]. Nwanne, B. U (2014). The Right to Privacy, the New Media and Human Development in Nigeria. Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism. Vol 4 (9) pp 1-6
[13]. Olise, F. P (2010) News Writing for the New Media: An Insight for Nigerian Journalist. Nigeria Stirling-Horden Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Communication Technological Imperatives. Ibadan: Stirling-Horden
[14]. Parson , C. (2011). ‘Security, surveillance and sovereignty: The internet tree: The state of telecom policy in Canada,’ Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. Vol. 3, pp 83.
[15]. Peoria Magazine (September 2011) Privacy in the Age of New Media. Available online at https://peoriamagazines.com/ibi/2011/sep/privacy-age-new-media
[16]. Silverstone, R. (1999), What’s new about new media? New Media & Society, 1(1), pp. 10-11.
[17]. The Punch Newspaper (November 23, 2016) ‘Crazy Things Nigerians do on the Social Media’ Retrieved at http://punchng.com/crazy-things-nigerians-social-media/
[18]. Van Dijk, J. (2006), The network society: social aspects of new media (2nd edition). Sage: London.
[19]. Wardrip-Fruin, N. & Montfort, N. (2003). The New Media Reader. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Oriola, M.O, Akase, T.M, Akilla, M.O, Agbele, D.J” Challenges of Privacy Protection in the New Media Era” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.57-61 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/57-61.pdf

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Impact of Insurance Deepening on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Michael Chukwunaekwu Nwafor – March 2019 Page No.: 62-67

This paper examined the impact of insurance deepening on economic growth in Nigeria. Data spanning from 1990 to 2016 was obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2016 and NAICOM database. Data was imported into SPSS and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Finding revealed that insurance deepening has significant impact on economic growth of Nigeria, this impact was further qualified by the slope which had negative sign, emphasizing that the relationship between insurance deepening and economic growth is inverse.

Page(s): 62-67                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Michael Chukwunaekwu Nwafor
Department of Accounting and Finance, Godfrey Okoye University Enugu, Nigeria

[1]. Agwuegbo, S. O., P, A. A., & Maduegbuna, A. N. (2010). Predicting insurance investment: A factor analytic approach.6(3),. Journal of Mathematics, Statistics and Science, 6(3), 321 – 324.
[2]. Akinlo, T. (2013). The causal relationship between insurance and economic growth in Nigeria (1986-2010). Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(12), 49-57.
[3]. Akinlo, T., & Apanisile, O. (2014). Relationship between insurance and economic growth in Sub-Saharan African: A panel data analysis. . Modern Economy, 120 – 127. .
[4]. Andreu, M. C., Whinston, M. D., & Green, J. R. (1995). Microeconomic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
[5]. Arena, M. (2006). Does insurance market promote economic growth? A cross– country study for industrialized and developing countries. . Journal of Risk and Insurance, 921 – 946.
[6]. Fadun, O. S. (2013). Insurance, a risk transfer mechanism: An examination of the Nigerian banking industry. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 7(4), 93 – 101.
[7]. Haiss, P., & Sumegi, K. (2008). The relationship of insurance and economic growth in Europe: A theoretical and empirical analysis. International Journal of Development and Management Review , 35(4), 405 – 431.
[8]. Hardwick, P., & Adams, M. (2002 ). Firm Size and Growth in the United Kingdom Life Insurance Industry. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 69(4), 577-593.
[9]. Igbodika, M. A., Ibenta, S. N., & John, E. I. (2016). The contribution of insurance investment to economic growth in Nigeria; 1980-2014. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management, 4(1), 110 – 123.
[10]. Igbodika, M. A., Ibenta, S. N., & John, E. I. (2016). The contribution of insurance investment to economic growth in Nigeria; 1980-2014. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management,. 4(1), 110 – 123.
[11]. Kugler, M., & Ofoghi, R. (2005). Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from the UK. . Southampton,: University of Southampton. .
[12]. Madukwe, O. D., & Obi-Nweke, N. S. (2014). The empirical evidence of Nigeria insurance business, capital market and economic growth. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research0., 4(2), 110 – 12.
[13]. Mahul, O., & Stutley, C. J. (2010). Government Support to Agricultural Insurance: Challenges. : World Bank Publications, 3.
[14]. Mckinnon, R. (. (1973). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington D.C: Brooking Institute .
[15]. Nwinee, B. F., &&Torbira, L. L. (2012). Empirical evidence of insurance investment and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Social and Economic Research,, 4(5), 2- 10.
[16]. Olayungbo, D. O. (2015). Effects of life and non-life insurance on economic growth in Nigeria: An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Global Journal of Management and Business Research,( 15), , 32 – 40.
[17]. Olayungbo, D. O., & Akinlo, A. E. (2016). Insurance penetration and economic growth in Africa: Dynamic effects analysis using Bayesian TVP- VAR. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23322039.2016.1150390
[18]. Ozuomba, C. V., & in. (2013). Impact of insurance on economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2((10)), 19 -31.
[19]. Saunders, A., & Cornett, M. M. (2008). Financial Institutions Management: A risk Management Approach. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance and Real Estate. McGraw-Hill Education; 8 edition.
[20]. Soo, H. (1996). Life Insurance and Economic Growth: Theoretical and Empirical investigation,’. University of Nebraska, Department of Economics .
[21]. Ward, D., & Zurbruegg, R. (2000). Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from OECD Countries. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 67(4), 489 – 506.

Michael Chukwunaekwu Nwafor “Impact of Insurance Deepening on Economic Growth in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.62-67 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/62-67.pdf

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Retirement Preparation of Ordained Ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana

Esther Agbodeka – March 2019 Page No.: 68-74

The objective of the study was on retirement preparation among Ordained Ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.
Primary data in the form of questionnaires and interviews were used in the data collection and the study employed the qualitative approach in research, relying on the grounded theory in its theoretical framework. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit twenty-eight (28) ordained Ministers of the Presbyterian Church who were still in active service, eight (8) retirees and five (5) top management members for an in-depth interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were imported into NVivo (11) for analysis of the data collected.
The researcher found out that the practice of planning was greatly contingent on the type of Ordained Ministers and the monthly allowance they received. Tent Ordained Ministers who worked as professionals and performed additional Ministerial duties in the church were entitled to national pension schemes. However, Non-Tent Ministers relied on their personal savings for financial planning. Psychologically, Ministers made little preparation because of the absence of a retirement planning policy in the Church. This had therefore created anxiety and a state of uncertainty about retirement. Socially, Ministers acquired their own accommodation and invested in their children education as a form of social security. The study further found that retired Ministers had to rely on their social relations to meet their financial and social needs. The absence of such social support resulted in psychosocial and financial challenges during retirement.
The study further discovered that Retired Ministers who had planned their retirement were believed to be happier and had less financial challenges.
It was therefore recommended that Housing scheme should be instituted by the Church to assist Ministers to acquire their own houses before retirement. The Church must develop a policy for retirement for various workers of the Church. This is required to guide Ministers and other workers to plan and prepare for retirement. The existing Provident Fund, insurance scheme for full-time Ministers should be extended to the tent Ministers too. The Church should take the SSNIT contributions of its Ministers seriously as a way of planning for the Ministers who sacrifice their all for God’s flock. Additionally, it was recommended that there should be a scholarship package for children of Ministers who accept postings to deprive areas.

Page(s): 68-74                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Esther Agbodeka
Ph.D (Cand.), (10214850), University of Ghana-Legon, Accra, Ghana

Reference are not available.

Esther Agbodeka “Retirement Preparation of Ordained Ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.68-74 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/68-74.pdf

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Dual Mode University in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC): Successes, Challenges and Solutions

Leonorah Tendayi Nyaruwata – March 2019 Page No.: 75-82

Dual mode offering of university education is a fast growing phenomenon around the world. While an increasing number of higher education conventional institutions is transforming into dual mode, their reasons for transforming, successes achieved and challenges faced have not been well documented. The factors influencing transformation of conventional universities to dual mode have also not been well documented. It is of significance to interrogate why single mode open and distance learning (ODL) universities are not transforming to dual mode, that is, incorporating the conventional mode yet they seem to be increasing enrolment numbers in leaps and bounds. While there is a lot of information concerning successes and challenges experienced in both conventional and open and distance higher education institutions, there is a paucity of information on these experiences about dual mode higher education institutions. The study examined how dual mode is enhancing internationalisation of university culture in the global village. It is, therefore, the aim for this paper to interrogate and document the SADC dual mode higher education institutions’ successes and challenges in order to improve the academic performance of the students. The study used qualitative approach, interpretive philosophy and case study design. Data were generated through interviews and document analysis. The data were analysed through constant comparison analysis technique. The population of the study comprised distance education institutes directors and lecturers. One of the key findings was dual mode university increase access, enrollment and revenue and this led to the conclusion that conventional and DE learning environments are complementary and advance internationalisation of higher education. The main recommendation was that DE centers and institutes become autonomous in order to run the units effectively and efficiently to produce quality products.

Page(s): 75-82                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 March 2019

 Leonorah Tendayi Nyaruwata
Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe

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Leonorah Tendayi Nyaruwata “Dual Mode University in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC): Successes, Challenges and Solutions” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.75-82 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/75-82.pdf

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Roles of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Curbing Electoral Violence in Rivers State, Nigeria

Maduabuchukwu Prince Ajie, Chivuikem Isaac Dokubo, Chima Christian Ibekwe – March 2019 Page No.: 83-87

This study focused on the roles of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in curbing electoral violence in Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design guided the study. The population comprised 42 Technical and Vocational Education and Training lecturers in Rivers State University and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. No sampling was done as the population was manageable. Three research questions and one hypothesis was formulated for the study. A questionnaire titled “Role of TVET in Curbing Electoral Violence” (RTVETCEV) was developed to elicit responses from the respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts in the fields of Vocational and Technology Education and Training and Political Science. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha Reliability coefficient. Statistical Mean was used to answer the research questions while standard deviation was used to determine the homogeneity in the responses of the respondent and z-test was used to test the hypothesis. The reliability coefficient achieved was 0.84. The study found that youth unemployment, quest by politicians to acquire power at all cost are some of the causes of electoral violence in Rivers State. The study showed that Technical and Vocational Education and Training plays the vital role of helping to groom youths to be self-reliant and meaningfully engaged by equipping them with the required technical and vocational skills. Among the recommendations in the study is the establishment of well-equipped vocational and technical education training centres in each of the 23 Local Government Areas of Rivers State for the training of youths.

Page(s): 83-87                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 22 March 2019

 Maduabuchukwu Prince Ajie
Department of Metalwork Technology, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 Chivuikem Isaac Dokubo
Department of Vocational/Technology Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 Chima Christian Ibekwe
Department of Vocational/Technology Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

[1]. Akerele, W. O. (2007) Management of Technical and Vocational Education in Nigeria: Challenges of the Country. Journal of Education Administration & Planning, 3(1), 42-58.
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[3]. Dokubo, I.N. (2010). Vocational educational programmes and empowerment of rural adultsin Rivers EastSenatorial District, Rivers State. An unpublished Ph.D dissertation, University of Calabar, Cross Rivers State.
[4]. Dokubo, I.N (2015). The effects of learning environments on vocational and technical education programmes in Rivers State, Ngeria. International journal of humanities, social sciences and education, 2, (9) 182 -186
[5]. Dokubo, I.N. & Dokubo, C.I. (2016). Hassles and Panacea to Educational Researches in South-South Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 12, (25) 250-259
[6]. Egbobueze, A-. (2013). The Role of the Rivers State House of Assembly in Conflict Management, 1999-2011. An Unpublished thesis submitted to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
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[8]. Gani, J. Y. (2016). Electoral Violence, Arms, Proliferations and Electoral Security in Nigeria: Lessons From the Twenty-Fifteen Elections.
[9]. Igbuzor, O. (2010). Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Asaba, Action Aid Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research & Report, 13(2), 1-11.
[10]. Maclean, R. & Wilon, D. (2009). International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work, Bridging Academic and Vocational Learning. Dorducht: Springer Science & Business Media.
[11]. Mbaveren, D. G. (2003). Political Violence and Socio Economic Development in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, (4), 40-53.
[12]. Mbaya P. Y. (2013). The Implication of Political Thuggery on Socio-Economic and Political Development of Maduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Asian Social Science, (3), 2090-2103.
[13]. Nuru, A. Y. (2006). New Approaches to Technical and Vocational Education. A Paper Presented at the Education Trust Fund Zonal Sensitization Workshop in the Importance of Technical and Vocational Education.
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[15]. Ochogba, C.O. & Amaechi. O.J. (2018). The influence of technical skills acquisition in curbing insecurity challenges in Rivers State. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 4(2), 19-26.
[16]. Okafor, E. E. (2011). Youth Unemployment and Implication for Stable of Democracies in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, (13), 358-372.
[17]. Okwelle, P. C. (2013) Appraisal of the Theoretical Models of Psychomotor Skills and Applications to Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) System in Nigeria. Journal of Research and Development, 1(6), 25-35.
[18]. Okwelle, P. C., Beako, Y. T. & Ajie M. P. (2017) Technical Skills Needed by Motor Vehicle Mechanic Apprentice to Establish Standard Motor Mechanic Enterprise in Port-Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Scientific 7 Engineering Technologies Research, 3(4), 27-34.
[19]. Okwelle, P.C. & Dokubo, C.I. (2018). Constraints on the Utilization of Field Trips in Technology Education Instruction Delivery in Universities in South -South Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 6(1):80-89.
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Maduabuchukwu Prince Ajie, Chivuikem Isaac Dokubo, Chima Christian Ibekwe “Roles of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Curbing Electoral Violence in Rivers State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.83-87 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/83-87.pdf

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Occupational Health Hazards of Women Farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State- Nigeria

Venatus V. Kakwagh – March 2019 Page No.: 88-93

This study was carried out to determine the occupational health hazards that women farmers face in Nigeria with a particular focus on Ankap Local government area of kogi State –Nigeria. The study has shown that women are very important and active participants in the agricultural sector in Nigeria. The study has however, opined that in spite of the crucial role women play in agricultural production, policies in Nigeria have not been formulated to address the hazards they face in performing their agricultural activities. Due to this neglect, women have continued to face different levels of hazards with significant effect on their lives and consequently on agricultural productivity. Since women are very important actors in agricultural production in Nigeria, and their poor health impacts negatively on agricultural productivity, there should be improvement in rural social services. This is to reduce the negative effect of poor health on rural productivity. The health of rural women should be integrated into a rural development policy especially the primary health care structure. Emphasis should be particularly placed on environmental protective measures, health promotion and wellbeing measures and agricultural safety. To this regard, there should be collaboration between the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Ministry of Health and other relevant agencies of government. Also, researches should be conducted so as to design simple and affordable hand tools such as planters, threshers, for farmers so as to reduce the drudgery of farm work. Farmers should be educated through enlightenment campaigns with active participation by agricultural extension workers on how to avoid the dangers of the chemicals especially herbicides and pesticides they apply to their crops. Women (and farmers generally) on their part should always endeavour to wear protective clothing.

Page(s): 88-93                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 22 March 2019

 Venatus V. Kakwagh
Department of Sociology, Kogi State University, Anyigba-Nigeria

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[3]. Amodu, M.O, Amodu, M.F, Bimba, J.S, and Bolori, M.T (2017) Assessment of occupational hazards and health problems among female farmers in North-Eastern Nigeria. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, technology and Environment, 13(2):pp 209-218
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[19]. National Population Commission (2006). Population facts. NPC Abuja.
[20]. Odeleye, T.G. (2015) An overview of health and occupational hazards of rural women in Nigeria.Journal of rural social Sciences 30(1) pp 51-61

Venatus V. Kakwagh “Occupational Health Hazards of Women Farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State- Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.88-93 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/88-93.pdf

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Gendered Impact of Zimbabwe’s Transitional Justice: Too Little Too Late

Lilian Chaminuka – March 2019 Page No.: 94-100

The gendered impact of transitional justice after Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle is similar to early efforts in other countries to try and address massive and systematic human rights violations that are largely gender blind. The paper takes a historical analysis highlighting how government chose not to specifically address sexual violence, nor did they examine how women had been distinctly impacted by the war of liberation. There was a pervasive silence regarding violence against, harm to, and the degradation of women with female ex combatants becoming recipients of piecemeal policies and fragmented efforts to accommodate them. The process and what has been done for the Zimbabwean woman is either too little or has been done too late as the legacy of this violence endures long after independence was achieved in 1980. This is not to say government has done absolutely nothing as some gains have been made in building a gender balanced society that factors in contribution of women. The study which employed the qualitative approach, revealed that women are not particularly happy as they feel more can be done as the realities they face today under study show a continuum in the violence exercised against them, their subordinate role, their oppression, the threats and harassment they endured in the past and present lack of economic resources to live a dignified life. The paper is based from a broad study that was undertaken by the author in her studies at the Africa University in 2014.

Page(s): 94-100                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 Lilian Chaminuka
Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe

[1]. Bell C. (2009). The “New Law” of Transitional Justice. In: Ambos K., Large J., Wierda M. (eds) Building a Future on Peace and Justice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[2]. Bell, J. (2015). ‘Understanding Transitional Justice and its Two Major Dilemmas’. Journal of Interdisciplinary Conflict Science, 1(2), 115-. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/jics/vol1/iss2/2 (Accessed 10 February 2019)
[3]. Bell, C. (2006). Negotiating Justice? Human Rights and Peace Agreements. International Council on Human Right Policy, Geneva.
[4]. Bell, C. (2009). ‘Transitional Justice, Inter-disciplinarity and the State of the ‘Field’ or ‘Non-Field’. International Journal of Transitional Justice, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1 March 2009, Pages 5–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijn044 (Accessed 1 March 2019)
[5]. Carys, R. (2017). Gender Balance of Power Women’s representation in regional and local government in the UK and Germany. https://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/gender-balance-of-power_summary_May2017.pdf (Accessed 1 March 2019).
[6]. Chogugudza, P. and Ngobe B. (2012). The Zimbabwe Liberation War Veteran’s 1997 vetting process and its implications on former ZPRA Combatants. http://ir.msu.ac.zw:8080/xmlui/handle/11408/2252(Accessed 1 March 2019).
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[8]. Fionnuala Ní Aoláin. (2009). ‘Women, Security, and the Patriarchy of Internationalized Transitional Justice’. Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 31, No. 4 (Nov, 2009), pp. 1055-1085.
[9]. Guthrey, H. (2010) ‘Women’s Participation in Transitional Justice Mechanisms: Comparing Transitional Processes in Timor Leste and Sierra Leone’. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.255. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/255/. (Accessed 1 March 2019).
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[21]. Ross, J. (1980). Zimbabwe Gains Independence. Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/18/zimbabwe-gains independence/185c3573-e9e4-4d3a-9dce-5fe89bf04605/?utm_term=.223a7f83d846.(Accessed 28 February 2019).
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Lilian Chaminuka “Gendered Impact of Zimbabwe’s Transitional Justice: Too Little Too Late” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.94-100 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/94-100.pdf

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Social Studies Student Teachers’ Views on the implementation of Learner-Centred Approach in Zambian Primary Schools

Robinson Mambwe- March 2019 Page No.: 101-109

The study explored social studies student teachers’ views on the implementation of learner-centred teaching and learning approach in Zambian primary schools. Triangulation research design which collected both quantitative and qualitative data was used. This involved survey questionnaires which were distributed to 600 third year student teachers who were randomly sampled from 6 primary colleges of education using class registers provided by respective college registrars. Out of 600 questionnaires, 561 were returned back representing a return rate of 93.5%. Face to face interviews were also conducted with student teachers who were conveniently sampled from three colleges. The total students who participated in the interviews were 21. The interviews collected detailed qualitative narratives regarding student teachers’ experience with implementation of learner-centred approach. The findings of this study pointed to the fact that the policy emphasis on using learner-centred approach in the teaching learning process has not really taken off in Zambian Primary Schools.Most student teachers reported that the traditional teacher led classrooms still dominate and characterise classroom in primary schools. A number of challenges ranging from low literacy levels, over enrolments (high number of pupils per class), inadequate time allocated per subject lesson per day, and lack of teaching and learning materials were cited for the non-implementation of leaner-centred approaches. The teachers however expressed positive attitude towards learner-centred approach citing among other benefits promotion of learner participation, improved retention of knowledge among learners, development of problem solving skills, motivation of learners and ownership of the learning process by learners. Since the fundamental goal of teaching social studies through learner-centred approach in schools is to help students become responsible, critical, reflective, and active citizens who can make informed and reasoned decisions about the societal issues confronting the local, state, and global community respectively (Yilmaz, 2008), the study concluded that the views of primary teachers did not inspire the realisation of this goal. The study recommends school based programmes aimed at capacity building on how apply learner-centred methods in classroom situations with high numbers of pupils and low literacy levels among other deterrent factors.

Page(s): 101-109                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

  Robinson Mambwe
School of Education, University of Zambia

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Robinson Mambwe, “Social Studies Student Teachers’ Views on the implementation of Learner-Centred Approach in Zambian Primary Schools” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.101-109 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/101-109.pdf

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Factors Affecting Quality of Building Construction Projects in Informal Settlements within Nairobi City County, Kenya

Nyaga G. Juster, Samuel Thiong’o – March 2019 Page No.: 110-116

Construction industry plays a major role in the development and achievement of society’s goals, contributing to about 10% of the Gross National Product (GNP) in industrialized countries and, it constitute 60-70% of the national wealth and about 20% of the annual wealth creation in less developed countries. Despite of the weight given to the construction industry, quality of construction projects has been questioned as indicated by widespread collapse of building structures in Kenya. This study sought to find out factors contributing to the quality of construction projects with the focus on the effects of technical factors and economic factors. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population of 412 completed and ongoing projects was used, which had a workforce of 1678, from which a sample of 30% (503) was selected. Primary data was collected using questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Statistics V 22.0 was used to analyses the data. Descriptive statistics indicated study variables were very important as shown by high values of mean and the opinions of respondents had low variations as shown by low values of standard deviation. The study findings indicate that technical factors and quality of the construction projects are positively and significantly relate (r=0.145, p=0.005) and economic factors and quality of construction projects are positively and significantly related (r=0.076, p=0.001). The study concludes that technical and economic factors contribute to the quality of construction projects in informal settlement and should be given weight they deserve. The study recommends that the government should ensure there is documentation and enforcement of the policies, systems, processes and procedures to help the construction practitioners manage construction work effectively.

Page(s): 110-116                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 Nyaga G. Juster
Tutorial Fellow, Management University of Africa, Kenya

 Samuel Thiong’o
Tutorial Fellow, Management University of Africa, Kenya

[1]. Cheung, O. and Suen, K. (2015).Impact of Environmental Factors on Building Project Performance in Delta State, Nigeria.
[2]. Cunningham, T. (2013).Factors Affecting the Cost of Building Work. Dublin Institute of Technology
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Nyaga G. Juster, Samuel Thiong’o “Factors Affecting Quality of Building Construction Projects in Informal Settlements within Nairobi City County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.110-116 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/110-116.pdf

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A Theoretical Analysis of the Legal Status of Transgender: Bangladesh Perspective

Sunjida Islam – March 2019 Page No.: 117-119

In Bangladesh, the number of transgendered peoples are increasing day by day. These transgendered peoples are commonly known as ‘Hijra’ in the society. They are normally looked down because they are not treated as normal human beings in the society. They are brutally neglected by the society and the government as they don’t have the approved gender identity. This hijra group of people are received recognition from the government of Bangladesh as ‘Third gender’. But the government has not yet enacted any laws for the benefits of hijras to ensure their legal rights, sociological rights and political rights also. Recently many countries of the world have enacted some specific laws regarding the status of transgender community to protect their legal, social and political rights. In some Asian, South Asian and European countries the transgendered group are also acknowledged as the third gender group. Now-a-days most of the transgendered people of the world including Bangladesh are living critically and miserably because of their unsettled rights. They are also living in fair and detachment due to different types of superstitions and frustrations. This article has an assertion and provided some recommendations which may help to enact a separate law for hijras to protect their different rights like social, legal, political and others. This paper may also assist to bring some changes of the status of hisra community.

Page(s): 117-119                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 Sunjida Islam
Lecturer, Department of Law, Rajshahi Science & Technology University, Natore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

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[8]. Jackson, P. A. (1997). Kathoey Gay Man: The Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity In Thailand. (M. L. M., Ed.) Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press.
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[10]. Ministry of Social Welfare. Living standard development Program for Hijra community. http://www.msw.gov.bd/site/page/a3498c96-c94a-4fba-9518-13497bdfb46f

Sunjida Islam “A Theoretical Analysis of the Legal Status of Transgender: Bangladesh Perspective” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.117-119 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/117-119.pdf

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Analysis of the Effect of the Working Environment to the Job Satisfaction of the Air Hostesses (With Special Reference to Sri Lankan Airlines)

H.M.W.M.Herath, W.G.N.S.C.D.Wijerathna- March 2019 Page No.: 120-123

I. INTRODUCTION

Air hostess job position is not similar to any other career because they are the people who are met very firstly when anyone flies to some other country. Air Hostesses can be called as the unofficial country ambassadors because they spread out the culture of the country, warm welcome and the grand hospitality to the outer world. The first impression about the country where is yet to be visited is made with the cordial welcome and the courteous service of the flight attendant. Air hostess is not just a lady who serves food and beverages to the passengers while travelling on a flight. She needs to take care of the safety and security of all the passengers on board. That’s actually not a easy task to do as a lady. There were victorious air hostesses who are considered as heroines in the industry. Ms.Neerja Bhanot – a purser for Pan Am flight 73 and her lost her life while protecting the passengers when the flight was hijacked by terrorists on 5th of September 1986 in Karachchi, Pakisthan. Still her name is remembered just because of the bravery she had and the way she protected the passengers. Air hostess should be such a character to face for any type of difficulties by protecting all the people’s lives.

Page(s): 120-123                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 H.M.W.M.Herath
Department of Management Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka

 W.G.N.S.C.D.Wijerathna
Department of Management Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka

[1]. Airport, 2015, Services, A., Lanka, S. and Limited (2009) Historyof aviation. Available at: http://www.airport.lk/aasl/company_overview/aviation_history.php
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[3]. Conducive work environment ensures the well-being of employees which invariably will enable them exert themselves to their roles with all vigour that may translate to higher productivity (Akinyele, 2007).”(Noah and Steve, 2012)
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[5]. Lee, C., An, M. and Noh, Y., 2012. The social dimension of service workers’ job satisfaction: The perspective of flight attendants. Journal of Service Science and Management, 5(02), p.160.
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[7]. Perls,F.(2011,March)Correlation Coefficient r and Beta (standardised regression coefficients).http://zencaroline.blogspot.com/2011/03/correlation-coefficient-r.html
[8]. Salunke, G., 2015. Work environment and its effect on job satisfaction in cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra. India. Abhinav. International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology, 4(5), pp.21-31.
[9]. Sarode, D.A.P. and Shirsath, M. (2012) The Factors Affecting Employee Work Environment & It’s Relation with Employee Productivity. Available at: http://www.ijsr.net/archive/v3i11/T0NUMTQxMTY5.pd
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[12]. Raziqa, Abdul and Raheela Maulabakhsh. “Impact Of Working Environment On Job Satisfaction”. Procedia Economics and Finance. N.p., 2015.

H.M.W.M.Herath, W.G.N.S.C.D.Wijerathna, “Analysis of the Effect of the Working Environment to the Job Satisfaction of the Air Hostesses (With Special Reference to Sri Lankan Airlines)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.120-123 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/120-123.pdf

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The Relevance and Applicability of the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Clause in International Trade Agreements

ROBINSON, Monday Olulu, OBAYORI, Joseph Bidemi – March 2019 Page No.: 124-128

The paper examines the relevance and applicability of the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Clause in International Trade Agreement. The paper articulates other World Trade Organization (WTO) standards, such as National Treatment and the International Minimum Standards. The MFN is an instrument adopted by WTO to reduce discrimination and enhance transparency in international exchange of goods, services, investments, and property rights. The paper revealed that the MFN standards are substantive acknowledgement of the classical liberal approach to international trade, as expounded by Smith, Harberler, etc. The paper noted that developing countries have not benefitted sufficiently from the various treatment standards. First, trade have not been so liberalized by the industrialized countries because of protectionist regimes, while low capital, manpower and technological exports of the LDCs have limited the chances of the poor countries to benefit from trade agreements. A liberal trade agreement anchored on MFN and other standards of the multilateral institutions will culminate in an agreement between unequals. The LDCs do not have the investment capacity. Thus the opportunities provided by the various treatment standards are reaped by the superior partners on the agreement between the LDCs and the industrialized countries. The paper suggests that LDCs should explore more of Bi-lateral agreements. In Bi-lateral agreement the developing countries, using experts can negotiate trade agreement that will accommodate the economic policy of government and development plans. It is also instructive that African countries improve in the production of capital goods and technology for export. Export of tertiary goods and technology will launch African countries into the competitive world trade.

Page(s): 124-128                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 ROBINSON, Monday Olulu
Department of Economics University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

 OBAYORI, Joseph Bidemi
Department of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria

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ROBINSON, Monday Olulu, OBAYORI, Joseph Bidemi “The Relevance and Applicability of the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Clause in International Trade Agreements” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.124-128 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/124-128.pdf

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Green HR Practices and Its Impact on Employee Work Satisfaction – A Case Study on IBBL, Bangladesh

Sabbir Hassan Chowdhury, Sanjoy Kumar Roy, Murshedul Arafin, Sifat Siddiquee – March 2019 Page No.: 129-138

Green HR is a buzzing issue in the current world. The green HR practices are very emerging concept for a green organization (e.g. green bank) and also for the environment and for the planet. But the matter is that the implementation of Green HR is solely dependent on the management as well as on the employees and in considering this policy, employee work satisfaction should also be considered. This paper is attempts to reveal the impact of Green HR practices in the banking sector in context of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd (IBBL) on the employee work satisfaction. For this purpose the researchers take data of 100 samples from various branches of IBBL and run Spearman correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The study reveals that there is positive relationship among the green HR practices and employees work satisfaction. And green HR practice positively and significantly affect employee work satisfaction in the context of banking sector which is surely creating a new horizon in the field of banking practices. From the study organizations of Bangladesh can get a specific view about successful endeavor in enhancing the work satisfaction level of employees what is beneficial for the organization and also for the human and earth.

Page(s): 129-138                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 24 March 2019

 Sabbir Hassan Chowdhury
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Sanjoy Kumar Roy
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Murshedul Arafin
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Sifat Siddiquee
Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Sabbir Hassan Chowdhury, Sanjoy Kumar Roy, Murshedul Arafin, Sifat Siddiquee “Green HR Practices and Its Impact on Employee Work Satisfaction – A Case Study on IBBL, Bangladesh” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.129-138 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/129-138.pdf

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External Environmental Factors and Failure of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

Dr Salihu Abubakar – March 2019 Page No.: 139-144

This study examines the relationship between external environmental factors and failure of SMEs in Lagos metropolis, using samples of failed SMEs in Lagos metropolis. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the sampled failed SMEs using snow ball method. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The outcome reveals that external environmental factors have significant impact on the failure of SMEs in Lagos metropolis, and financial inadequacy (FI) is the major contributing factor to the failure of SMEs in the Lagos metropolis; followed by market competition (MC), market demographics (MD), and inadequate infrastructure (II). In order to reduce SMEs failure and achieve significant positive contribution of SMEs sub-sector to the economic development of the state, the study recommends that government and relevant stakeholders should create an enabling business environment with financial support to SMEs, fair competition, sound market places and adequate infrastructures.

Page(s): 139-144                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 March 2019

 Dr Salihu Abubakar
Department of Business Administration and Management, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

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Dr Salihu Abubakar “External Environmental Factors and Failure of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.139-144 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/139-144.pdf

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Work-Life-Balance: The Nigerian Organizational Experience (A Study of Selected Banks in Ebonyi State)

Ogar, Cassius Ayam, Amanze, Darlane – March 2019 Page No.: 145-157

This paper was conducted to investigate the effect of work-life-balance on employees’ performance in an organization. The key objective of the study was to examine the implication of work-life-balance on workers commitment and performance. The problem that necessitated the study was the time frame between resuming and closing of work by employees, which does not permit work flexibility, commitment, job performance and leisure. Research questions such as: what are the implication of work-life-balance on workers’ commitment and performance? were asked and hypotheses such as: work interference with leisure and personal life has no significant effect on commitment of employees in organizations was formulated to guide the researchers. Current literatures from different scholars were reviewed to further buttress the discourse. The Survey research design with an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted. The population of the study covered 145 respondents of the selected banks and the Taro Yamane formula was adopted to determine the sample size of 106 respondents of the banks through the use of simple random sampling technique to draw responses from the target sample population. Data collected were analyzed using the Cronbach Alpha technique in testing the hypotheses. The notable finding of the study revealed that, employee assistance programme has a significant influence on performance of employees. The researchers recommended that there should be adequate and consistent implementation of employee assistance programmes within commercial banks. This will not only benefit the employees but it will also enable the employees to come more productive and efficient towards their duties.

Page(s): 145-157                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 March 2019

 Ogar, Cassius Ayam
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH) Nigeria

 Amanze, Darlane
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH) Nigeria

[1]. Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work-family enrichment as a mediator between organizational interventions for work-life balance and job outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 274-300.
[2]. Byrne, U. (2005). Work-life balance: Why are we talking about it at all?. Business Information Review, 22(1), 53-59.
[3]. Crompton, R., & Lyonette, C. (2006). Work-life ‘balance’in Europe. Acta sociologica, 49(4), 379-393.
[4]. Emslie, C., & Hunt, K. (2009). ‘Live to work’or ‘work to live’? A qualitative study of gender and work–life balance among men and women in mid‐life. Gender, Work & Organization, 16(1), 151-172.
[5]. Fleetwood, S. (2007). Why work–life balance now?. The international journal of human resource management, 18(3), 387-400.
[6]. Greenblatt, E. (2002). Work/life balance: Wisdom or whining. Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 177-193.
[7]. Gregory, A., & Milner, S. (2009). Work–life balance: A matter of choice?. Gender, Work & Organization, 16(1), 1-13.
[8]. Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
[9]. Hill, E. J., Miller, B. C., Weiner, S. P., & Colihan, J. (1998). Influences of the virtual office on aspects of work and work/life balance. Personnel psychology, 51(3), 667-683.
[10]. Hughes, J., & Bozionelos, N. (2007). Work-life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes: An exploratory study on the views of male workers. Personnel Review, 36(1), 145-154.
[11]. Ip, E. J., Lindfelt, T. A., Tran, A. L., Do, A. P., & Barnett, M. J. (2018). Differences in Career Satisfaction, Work–life Balance, and Stress by Gender in a National Survey of Pharmacy Faculty. Journal of pharmacy practice, 0897190018815042.
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[13]. Kalliath, T., & Brough, P. (2008). Work–life balance: A review of the meaning of the balance construct. Journal of management & organization, 14(3), 323-327.
[14]. Khavis, J., & Krishnan, J. (2017). Employee Satisfaction in Accounting Firms, Work-Life Balance, Turnover, and Audit Quality.
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Ogar, Cassius Ayam, Amanze, Darlane “Work-Life-Balance: The Nigerian Organizational Experience (A Study of Selected Banks in Ebonyi State)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.145-157 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/145-157.pdf

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Socioeconomic Impacts and Damages Encountered with Re-activated Landslide in Udawatta Area – A Case Study from Hanguranketha Area in Nuwara Eliya District

J. D. S. N. Siriwardana – March 2019 Page No.: 158-161

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits. More than 95 percent of all deaths caused by hazards occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural hazards are 20 times greater in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Disasters may disrupt the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community. Among all the disasters, landslide had become the most commondisaster in the country within short period of time in the recent past. The social impacts of landslides may consequences to human populations who were lived within the affected area that alter the day to day life-styles, livelihood patterns, cultural integrity and social network of affected families. The study revealed that one of the major landslide which were occurred in the Hanguranketha divisional secretariat inNuwaraEliya district having comprehensive impacts on human lives which may cannot easily be unravelled.

Page(s): 158-161                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 March 2019

 J. D. S. N. Siriwardana
Geologist, Landslide Research and Risk Management Division, National Building Research Organization, Sri Lanka

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[7] Kjekstad, Oddvar (2007) “The challenges of landslide hazard mitigation in developing countries”, Keynote Lecture, First North-American Landslide Conference, Vail, Colorado USA, 3–8 June, 2007.

J. D. S. N. Siriwardana “Socioeconomic Impacts and Damages Encountered with Re-activated Landslide in Udawatta Area – A Case Study from Hanguranketha Area in Nuwara Eliya District” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.158-161 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/158-161.pdf

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Implementation of Bonded Zone Facilities in Indonesia

Ita Sulistyawati, Adi Sulistiyono, Moch. Najib Imanullah – March 2019 Page No.: 162-167

This paper discussed the issue of efforts to increase users of bonded zone facilities and increase exports in the industrial sector by analyzing new regulations to create policies that facilitate and stimulate export activities. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) issued a new regulation on Bonded Zones aimed at increasing investment and encouraging export growth. This study was a normative legal research using a statute approach, carried out by examining all laws and regulations relating to the addressed legal issues. Through the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 131/PMK.04/2018 concerning Bonded Zones and the Regulation of the Director General of Customs and Excise Number PER-19/BC/2018 concerning Management of Bonded Zones, DJBC seeks to provide certainty and various facilities to users of export and import services.

Page(s): 162-167                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 March 2019

 Ita Sulistyawati
Law Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

 Adi Sulistiyono
Law Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

 Moch. Najib Imanullah
Law Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

[1]. Aggarwal, A. (2007). Impact of Special Economic Zones on Employment, Poverty and Human Development. Working Paper, New Delhi: ICRIER, No. 194.
[2]. Akinci, G. &Crittle, J. (2008).Special Economic Zones: Performance, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Zone Development, Foreign Investment Advisory Service (FIAS) occasional Paper. World Bank: Washington, D.C.
[3]. Ali, A. (2002). Menguak Tabir Hukum: Suatu Kajian Filosofisdan Sosiologis. Gunung Agung.
[4]. Anwar, M. A.(2014). New Modes of Industrial Manufacturing: India’s Experience with Special Economic Zones. Bulletin of Geography Socio-economic Series, No. 24.
[5]. Bea Cukai, Rebranding KawasanBerikatLangkah Bea CukaiDorongGeliatEksporDalamNegeri. (2018).<http://www.beacukai.go.id/berita/rebranding-kawasan-berikat-langkah-bea-cukai-dorong-geliat-ekspor-dalam-negeri.html>Diakses 2 Februari 2019.
[6]. Bea danCukai, Rebranding KawasanBerikatUpaya Bea CukaiDorongInvestasidanCiptakanDampakEkonomiPositif. (2017).http://beacukai.go.id/berita/rebranding-kawasan-berikat-upaya-bea-cukai-dorong-investasi-dan-ciptakan-dampak-ekonomi-positif.html>diakses 2 Februari 2019.
[7]. František, L.,Slávka, K., &Viliam, K.(2015). Special Economic Zone Constitution According to Cluster Analysis. Proceeding Economics and Finance, Vol. 27.
[8]. Friedman, L. M. (2009).SistemHukum; PerspektifIlmuSosial. The Legal System; A Social Science Perspective. Nusa Media, 5.
[9]. Fuady, M. (2003). Perseroan TerbatasParadigmaBaru. Cet. I. PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.
[10]. Le, R.&Schoeman, A. (2016). Comparative Analysis of the Design of Special Economic Zones.Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, Vol.9, No. 3.
[11]. Marzuki, P. M. (2015).PenelitianHukum. Prenadamedia Group.
[12]. Sari, W., Anoviar, A.N.,&Santoso, A. J. (2012). The Key Success Factors of Penang as the Silicon Valley of the East. SBS Journal of Applied Business, Vol.1, No.1.
[13]. Simon, A., Lin, S., &Fabrizio, Z.(2016). Economic Reforms and Industrial Policy in a Panel of Chinese Cities. Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 21, No. 4.
[14]. Surjantoro, D.(2018). PemerintahLuncurkan Program Perizinan Online. Warta Bea CukaiPeluncuran Program Perizinan Online, Vol. 50, No. 5.
[15]. Suryantini, A. (2018).Sinergi DJBC dan DJP untukOptimalisasiPenerimaan.Warta Bea CukaiPeluncuran Program Perizinan Online, Vol. 50, No. 5.
[16]. Syarif, H. &Agus, S. H.(2010). Quo Vadis KawasanEkonomiKhusus. Rajawali Press.
[17]. The Regulation of the Director General of Customs and Excise Number PER-08/BC/2016 concerning Online procedures of transactional permit services in bonded zones.
[18]. The Regulation of the Director General of Customs and Excise Number PER-19/BC/2018 concerning Procedures of Bonded Zones.
[19]. The Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 131/PMK.04/2018 concerning Bonded Zones.
[20]. Yesuari, A. P.(2013). MengenalKawasanEkonomiKhusus.<http://tataruang.bpn.go.id/bulletin/upload/data_artikel/edisi3d.pdf.>Diakses1 Januari 2019.
[21]. Yoze, David, &Reymond. (2015).KawasanEkonomiKhususdanStrategis Indonesia:TinjauanAtasPeluangdanPermasalahan. PT. Kanisius.
[22]. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-1157975/rugikan-negara-rp-786-juta-oknum-di-kawasan-berikat-diciduk. Diakses 28 Februari 2019.
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Ita Sulistyawati, Adi Sulistiyono, Moch. Najib Imanullah “Implementation of Bonded Zone Facilities in Indonesia” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.162-167 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/162-167.pdf

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The Role of Islamic Economic System in Tackling Poverty in a Society

Aminu Yakubu, Dahiru Usman – March 2019 Page No.: 168-170

Poverty is regarded as a weapon of mass destruction in a society. It is also a major causes of social, Religious and political conflicts. It is pertinent to note that the conventional western base economic system has failed and the world is moving forward looking out for a strong and reliable system that will stand the taste of time. The west over a decade ago has suffered a lot on the issue of financial meltdown which resulted into objected poverty. This therefore is what prompted the research to examine the role of Islamic system in alleviating poverty in the society. The study use contest analysis in analysing the data and the corpuses is the Qur’an and Hadith of the prophet (S.A.W). The also find out that the existed economy system totally failed and there is need for remedy.

Page(s): 168-170                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 March 2019

 Aminu Yakubu
Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola College of Continuing Education Islamic Studies Department,
Centre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDE), University Science Malaysia

 Dahiru Usman
Department Arabic Medium, Federal College of Education, Yola, Nigeria

[1]. M.R. Ab. Aziz, “opportunity for agro entrepreneur in developing agro initiative in Islamic banking in Malaysia” the journal of animal and plant sciences, vol.21, no.2, pp. 290-302, 2011
[2]. Retrieved on March 15, 2018 fromhttps://m.facebook.com/sadaqa
[3]. Retrieved on March 15, 2018 fromhttps://islamqa.info/en/9449
[4]. Muhammad Z. islam and poverty,January 4,2017
[5]. Islamic finance for dummies,Retrieved on 09 April, 2018 from wiki. Islamic finance.de/index…./mudarabah.
[6]. ibn Al-atheer, Al- nihaya (d606AH) p.630
[7]. Al-Azhari (d.370AH) Tahzib Al. Lugah 3/2704
[8]. Al- Awwa, M.S. (1989) fi al-Nizamalsiyasi li al dawiah al- islamiyya. Cairo Dar al-sharuq.
[9]. al- Ghazali, A.H (1997). Al mustasfa min-ilm al-usul. In M.S. al-ashqar(Ed.). beruit: Muassasat al-Risalah.
[10]. al-Qardawi,Y. (1999). Fiqh al Zakah. A comparative study of Zakah, Regulations and Philosophy in the light of Qu`an and Sunnah (M. khaf, Trans) Jeddah: Scientific Publishing Centre.

Aminu Yakubu, Dahiru Usman “The Role of Islamic Economic System in Tackling Poverty in a Society” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.168-170 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/168-170.pdf

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Governance Factors Affecting Citizens Participation in District Performance in Rwamagana District, Rwanda Local Government

NDAGIJIMANA Ibrahim – March 2019 Page No.: 171-180

The purpose of this study was to assess the persistent reasons behind limited participation of citizens in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of the performance contract in the local government of Rwanda
The study also has investigated the factors and actors contributing and influencing citizens participation as well as causes for low levels of citizen participation. A total of 97 respondents from among the citizen’s members were interviewed through questionnaires. Others were local leaders; Executive secretaries of sector and District Executive members and Councillors were also interviewed and involved in the FGD.
Data were analysed, interpreted and presented the results using tabulations, figures and graphs. The analysis showed that the citizens were participated in the performance contract in the local government and people were participating through budget consultation meetings, performance contracts planning, monitoring and evaluation though at appreciable level using various citizen participation channels that government of Rwanda initiated.
The analysis also showed that, the government of Rwanda is politically willing and committed to work transparently and make accountable all leaders including both at central and local through provision of various citizens participation channels including community outreach’s (Inteko z’abaturage), community work (Umuganda), parent’s evening forums (Umugoroba w’ababyeyi) to mention but a few.
The study showed the benefits of citizen’s participation in the performance contracts implementation as well as speed up the implementation of the government programs and policies towards, middle income country as per Vision 2020. Among the benefits of engaging active citizens participation in the local government performance contracts includes increase of citizen ownership, transparency, accountability and social, economic development, which doesn’t leave anyone behind.
The study also indicated that there is significant relationship between active (strong) citizen’s participation and the local government performance contracts implementation and this towards good governance.
It noted that, participatory governance as a subset of good governance since it consists of state- sanctioned institutional processes that provide effective avenues to citizens to exercise their rights to voice their ideas, to vote constantly, directly and indirectly, and to contribute to the formulation and implementation of performance contract in the local government which in turn, produce substantial changes in their lives.
Despite the government efforts, study showed some weaknesses to be fixed in the local government layers (Village to Districts) being the incidence of low citizens participation, ineffective implementation of performance contracts, decrease of ownership and unsustainable development which were mentioned to weaker citizen’s participation in local government performance contract. It was therefore recommended that, people is the first owner and partner of local government success that influencing the good governance principles which contribute positively the active citizen’s participation in performance contracts.

Page(s): 171-180                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 March 2019

 NDAGIJIMANA Ibrahim
PhD Student, Governance and Leadership, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya

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NDAGIJIMANA Ibrahim “Governance Factors Affecting Citizens Participation in District Performance in Rwamagana District, Rwanda Local Government” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.171-180 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/171-180.pdf

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Youth, Luxury and the Willingness to Pay

Suleiman Ocheni – March 2019 Page No.: 181-189

The concept of luxury has existed for as long as the emergence of hierarchies in society, and has been in a constant state of flux ever since. At its inception it was characterised by exclusivity, superior quality and price. However, as it has evolved over time it has come to mean different things to different people, meaning that the motivation for consuming luxury products change from place to place and even between groups within the same society. A comprehensive review of the literature available on this topic revealed a gap; the motivation of undergraduate students for consuming luxury products still remains unclear. The aim of this study is to study undergraduate students in the United Kingdom and determine whether or not they are willing to pay premium prices for luxury products. This paper goes a step further and also examines their motivation for this behaviour. A qualitative inquiry was carried outon six respondents with the help of semi-structured interviews. This study concluded that students are in fact willing to pay premium prices for luxury, but only if they are satisfied that they were able to get the best deal. This research also reveals that undergraduate students in the United Kingdom are more interested in luxury items if they offer a previously absent convenience, therefore, are willing to pay a higher price for this expediency.A conceptual framework has also been proposed to aid luxury marketers in targeting undergraduate students.

Page(s): 181-189                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 March 2019

 Suleiman Ocheni

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Suleiman Ocheni “Youth, Luxury and the Willingness to Pay” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.181-189 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/181-189.pdf

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Human Capital Flight, Remittances and the Problem of Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth in Africa

Samuel B. Adewumi, Chinedu J. Ogbodo, James E. Onoh – March 2019 Page No.: 190-197

The research employed data from twenty African countries namely: Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Senegal, Niger, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Algeria, Zambia, South Africa, Namibia and Mozambique; and with variables such as real GDP, stock of physical capital, labour force, remittances received, per capita income, human capital flight-proxied by net migration, education-proxied by secondary school enrolment and technology- proxy by total factor productivity. The data were collected for the rage of 40 years (1977-2016). The result shows that remittances, per capital income, labour force, stock of physical capital, education and total technology exert positive relationship with economic growth, while human capital flight shows non-significant relationship with economic growth. We therefore recommend proper channeling of remittances in productive activities, as remittances can serve as compensation for human capital flight.

Page(s): 190-197                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 March 2019

 Samuel B. Adewumi
Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

 Chinedu J. Ogbodo
Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

 James E. Onoh
Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

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Samuel B. Adewumi, Chinedu J. Ogbodo, James E. Onoh “Human Capital Flight, Remittances and the Problem of Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth in Africa” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.190-197 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/190-197.pdf

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Role of Community Involvement in Peace Building: A Case of Mount Elgon in Bungoma County, Kenya

Ronald E Wanda, Joyce Muchemi, Nyandoro K Obondi & Ogachi O Nyamora – March 2019 Page No.: 198-207

All over the world conflicts in communities materialize because of many reasons. At the community level, social changes often occur very often as a result of a conflict. The conflict that took place in Mt Elgon between 2006 and 2008 was devastating in many ways; it left many dead and destroyed many a property. This study was to assess community participation in peace-building in the Mt Elgon area between 2007 and 2017. The study also sought to assess the use of indigenous or traditional methods of conflict resolution embedded in restorative practices, as well as establish the role that Mount Elgon’s Residents Association (MERA) played through its programmes in peace-building in the area. The study revealed a yawning need for younger community members to be more involved in peace-building activities in the Mt Elgon area. The study further revealed that those aged between 35 and 54 years largely thought that their traditional culture and indigenous practices was central to their peace-building efforts in their locality.

Page(s): 198-207                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 March 2019

 Ronald E Wanda
Mount Kenya University, Kenya

 Joyce Muchemi
Mount Kenya University, Kenya

 Nyandoro K Obondi
Mount Kenya University, Kenya

 Ogachi O Nyamora
Mount Kenya University, Kenya

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Ronald E Wanda, Joyce Muchemi, Nyandoro K Obondi & Ogachi O Nyamora “Role of Community Involvement in Peace Building: A Case of Mount Elgon in Bungoma County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.198-207 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/198-207.pdf

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Application of Competitor Focused Accounting (CFA) Method as Competitive Advantages in Foods and Baking Enterprises in Kano, Jigawa and Bauchi States of Nigeria

Sabo Usman; Musa Muhammed Bello – March 2019 Page No.: 208-216

The paper explores the application of competitor focused accounting (CFA) method as competitive advantages in foods and baking enterprises in Kano, Jigawa and Bauchi states of Nigeria. The population of the study is made up of all foods and baking enterprises in the three states out of which nine (9) enterprises three (3) from each state have been selected to form the sample of the study. The one-sample t-test and the frequency table have been used in the analysis of the data. Ninety (90) questionnaires have been administered out of which seventy eight (78) have been collected. The findings of the study reveal that all aspect of competitor focused accounting method captured in the study (Competitor Cost Assessment, Competitor Position Monitoring, Competitor Appraisal based on Financial Statement) are significantly used in the foods and baking enterprises in the three (3) states. It is recommended that the competitor focused accounting method should be more formally used in food and baking enterprises in the states. Finally, they should introduce comprehensive accounting system by ensuring that record keeping and preparation of financial statements is given utmost regards as it has received less concentration.

Page(s): 208-216                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 March 2019

 Sabo Usman

 Musa Muhammed Bello

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Sabo Usman; Musa Muhammed Bello “Application of Competitor Focused Accounting (CFA) Method as Competitive Advantages in Foods and Baking Enterprises in Kano, Jigawa and Bauchi States of Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.208-216 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/208-216.pdf

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Access to Credit Facilities and Tax Compliance among SMEs: Evidence from Nigeria

Salawu, R.O., Adegbie, F. F., Oladejo, O.F. – March 2019 Page No.: 217-225

We investigate the impact of access to credit on tax compliance among SMEs in Nigeria. The need to generate revenue to meet up with the running of government activities has been a focus of every government across the globe, and SMEs are vital to revenue generation in emerging economies like Nigeria. We employ a survey of 400 SME operators in Nigeria. The findings reveal that there is a positive and significant relationship between access to credit and tax compliance (α=0.715, t(395)=15.637, p=0.000). The implication is that access to credit facilities contributes significantly to tax compliance among SMEs operators in Nigeria. The study concluded that access to credit facilities contributed significantly to tax compliance among SMEs operators in Nigeria. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria, Bank of Industry, Development Bank of Nigeria, Bank of Agric, Ministry of Finance and other government agencies involves in intervention fund should set up a technical committee that will monitor the disbursement and monitoring of intervention funds for SMEs so as to ensure that the SMEs operators access the fund and also to see that the fund is channeled for the purpose to which it was disbursed.

Page(s): 217-225                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 29 March 2019

 Salawu, R.O.
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

 Adegbie, F. F.
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

 Oladejo, O.F.
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan –Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

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Salawu, R.O., Adegbie, F. F., Oladejo, O.F. “Access to Credit Facilities and Tax Compliance among SMEs: Evidence from Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.217-225 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/217-225.pdf

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Science Classes at the Primary Schools of Bangladesh: Classroom Practice and Challenges

A K M Obaydullah and Nusrat Jahan – March 2019 Page No.: 226-230

This study presents of classroom practice about primary science at the primary schools of Bangladesh. Various video graphs, personal observations and research findings along with some reports depicts that the Primary Science classroom situation in the primary schools of Bangladesh is below standard. The participants of this study were 40 primary School teachers from 40 schools purposively sampled based on qualities like teachers activities and classroom facilities. Teachers still now follow the traditional system of classroom practices about primary science because of lack of potential knowledge and classroom management skills, lack of motivation towards teaching and lack of professional satisfaction. In that reason have some bad effect on the learning of the student. So, some recommendations have been proposed to confirm quality primary science classroom practice at the primary schools of Bangladesh. However, now a days the situation is changed with the many steps of the government which should be a matter of comfort for the future generations

Page(s): 226-230                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 March 2019

 A K M Obaydullah
Instructor, URC, Primary and Mass Education Ministry, Bangladesh.

 Nusrat Jahan
Lecturar, Department of Islamic History, Government Ispahani College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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[15]. Chowdhury, M. R. Nath, S. R. Chowdhury, R. K. & Ahmed, M. (2002), Renewed Hope, Daunting Challenges: State of Primary Education in Bangladesh. Dhaka, University Press Limited.
[16]. Jahan, S. Pervin, A. Reza, S. Afroz, R. Islam, S. Azad, S. Hashim, M. Shahnewaz, S. Rahman, A. T. M. M. & Amin, S. M. N. (2002) A Study on Government Primary Education in Dhaka City. Democracy Watch. Dhaka, DTP.
[17]. Ehsan, D. M. A. (1997) Curriculum Development: Theories and Methods. Dhaka, Chatrabandhu Library.
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[19]. Nath, S. R. Mahbub, A. Shahjamal, M. M. Kabir, M. M. and Zafar, T. (2004) Case Study of Quality Primary Education in Bangladesh. Directorate of Primary Education. Dhaka, DPE.
[20]. National Curriculum of Primary Level (2012) Aims and Objectives. Dhaka, National Curriculum and Textbook Board.
[21]. Haq, M. N. & Islam, M. S. (2005) Teachers’ Motivation and Incentives in Bangladesh. [Online]. Available from http:’ 1www.eldis.org/vole upload/1/ document/0709/Teacher motivation Bangladesh.pdf [Accessed: 29 October 2013].

A K M Obaydullah and Nusrat Jahan “Science Classes at the Primary Schools of Bangladesh: Classroom Practice and Challenges” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.226-230 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/226-230.pdf

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Local Government Fiscal Autonomy and Its Impact on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria

Chijioke Basil Onuoha, Henry Ufomba – March 2019 Page No.: 231-241

In the literature on the structure of government and its impact on development in the grassroot there is a resurgence in the focus on the role of Local Government as government in the grassroot level in stimulating economic activities that will significantly improve the general well-being of the populace and contribute to sustainable economic development. Situated within this focus, this study examined the impact of Local Government fiscal autonomy on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMSE) in Nigeria. Using a questionnaire as instrument the study adopted a survey method and collected data from 248 entrepreneurs from the three senatorial districts of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. The correlation analysis of the data showed two insightful results-both the level of Local Government fiscal autonomy and its level of expenditure have significant impact on the performance and profitability of SMSEs. It therefore recommend for higher Local Government fiscal autonomy as an important step to stimulate inclusive economic activities and growth.

Page(s): 231-241                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 March 2019

 Chijioke Basil Onuoha
PhD, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

 Henry Ufomba
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

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Chijioke Basil Onuoha, Henry Ufomba “Local Government Fiscal Autonomy and Its Impact on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.231-241 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/231-241.pdf

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Factors for Teachers’ Low Use of ICT in Secondary Schools in Tanzania

Shima Dawson Banele – March 2019 Page No.: 242-246

ICT in education shifted classroom activities from traditional to technological mediated teaching and learning paradox. There are need to understand factors abided to teachers only on low use of ICT in secondary schools classroom teaching and learning activities. Purpose of the study dwelled to influence stakeholders on current ICT devices available in schools and teachers’ influencing factors replicated to low use of technologies so that to step in Tanzania secondary schools. Descriptive cross sectional survey research design bedded into ethnographic methods allowed narrative nature of teachers’ norms and attitudes to emerge. 50 teachers, 12 heads of schools and 12 secondary schools from Kibaha district were selected using simple stratified and purposive procedures. Data was collected using structured checklist observations and Focus Group Discussion techniques. Reliability of the data collection instruments was determined by split-half method. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics; however the study findings had implication on use of ICT in secondary classroom.

Page(s): 242-246                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 March 2019

 Shima Dawson Banele
The Open University of Tanzania, Faculty of Education, P.O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

[1]. Afshari, M., Bakar, K. A., Su Luan, W., Samah, B. A., & Fooi, F.S. (2009). Factors Affecting Teachers’ Use of Information and Communication Technology. International Journal of Instruction. 2(1), 77-104.
[2]. Balanskat, A., Blamire, R. & Kefala, S. (2006). The ICT Impact Report, A Review of Studies of ICT Impact on Schools in Europe. European School Net in the Framework of the European Commission’s ICT cluster. Available online at: http://www.aefeurope.be/documents/RAPP_doc254_en.pdf accessed 18 January 2019.
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[11]. Lawless, K., & Pellegrino, J. (2007). Professional development in integrating technology into teaching and learning: Knowns, unknowns and ways to pursue better questions and answers. Review of Educational Research, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 575-614.
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[23]. Yilmaz, N.P. (2011). Evaluation of the Technology Integration Process in the Turkish Education System. Contemporary Educational Technology, vol.2, no.1, pp. 37-54, 2011

Shima Dawson Banele “Factors for Teachers’ Low Use of ICT in Secondary Schools in Tanzania” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.242-246 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/242-246.pdf

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Application of Cognitive Restructuring Counselling Technique in Managing Couples with Infertility Problems

ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, YARO, Hauwa Bodinga – March 2019 Page No.: 247-253

This study examines the application of Cognitive Restructuring counselling techniques in managing couples with infertility challenges. The paper identified the favourable conditions concept/ types of infertility which includes: Primary and Secondary infertilities. Causes of infertility in men such as low or absence of sperm cells while in women it includes irregular or absence of menstrual cycle among others were highlighted. Also the explanation of cognitive restructuring, application of cognitive restructuring counselling techniques in managing couple with infertility challenge were discussed, they include: Changing the irrationals and believes with rational ones some preventions/suggestions were made such as providing the psychological needs such fertility clinics, subsidized medication, among others. For couples with infertility challenges which goes a long way in improving their chances of bearing children.

Page(s): 247-253                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 March 2019

 ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka
Department of Educational Foundations, Usmanu Danfodiyo Unoversty, Sokoto, Nigeria

 YARO, Hauwa Bodinga
Department of Educational Foundations, Usmanu Danfodiyo Unoversty, Sokoto, Nigeria

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[7]. Driver, J. & Gottman, J. (2004) Daily Marital interactions and Positive Affect During Marital Conflict Among Newlywed Couples. Family Process, 43 (3), 301-314
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[14]. Ombelet W., Cooke I., Dyer, S., Serour, G. & Devroey P. (2008). Infertility and the provision of
infertility medical services in developing countries. Health Science Journal. 14 (6) 605-21
[15]. Raskin, J. D. and Bridges, S. K. (2002) Studies in Meaning: Exploring Constructivist Psychology. New York: Pace University Press.
[16]. Related Stressors and Psychological Distress in Infertile Women.
[17]. Smith, J.A., and Smith, A.H. (2004). Treating Faith-Based infertile Couples Using Cognitive- Behavioural Counseling Strategies: A Preliminary investigation. Counseling and Values, 49, 48-63.
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[19]. Verhaak, C. O., & Vaillant, G. E. (2001). Is the U-curve of marital satisfaction an illusion? A 40-year study of marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 230-239.
[20]. Women’s Health Council, (2009). Call for infertility Awareness. www.rte.ie/news/2009/fertility Accessed on 21st August 2011.

ADEJARE, Toosin Adeyinka, YARO, Hauwa Bodinga “Application of Cognitive Restructuring Counselling Technique in Managing Couples with Infertility Problems” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.247-253 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/247-253.pdf

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Accounting Information System as an Aid to Decision Making Process in Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Olalekan Oladipo Akinrinola, Enyi Patrick Enyi, Ishola Rufus Akintoye – March 2019 Page No.: 254-263

Information is indispensable for decision making in any business organisation. Accounting Information System (AIS) performs a vital role in decision making in banks. Inadequate attention to the quality and reliability of the information on which decisions are made largely contribute to the failure of the use of accounting information in businesses leading to inaccurate decisions to the detriment of the organisation. This study examined the influence of AISon decision making of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (DMBs).Survey research design was adopted for the study with employees of all licensed commercial DMBs in Nigeria totaling 100,590 constituted the study population. The sample size comprised 420 randomly selected staff in the operations, information technology, finance and control functions. The data collected, through the use of questionnaire, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the use of the ordered logistic regressions. The study established that AIS has a significant positive effect on decision making process (β=3.432, 1.534, 2.612 and 2.992; W(402)=19.122, 2.586, 13.965 and 15.797; p= 0.000, 0.108, 0.000 and 0.000; R2 = 0.473). The null hypothesis that accounting information system does not significantly affect the decision making process was rejected with the model p-value of 0.000.The study concluded that decision making process is influenced by quality of accounting information system across DMBs in Nigeria and that AIS practices are similar in the DMBs. The study recommended that management of DMBs should continuously evaluate their accounting information system and ensures that the qualitative characteristics are not compromised.

Page(s): 254-263                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 March 2019

 Olalekan Oladipo Akinrinola
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

 Enyi Patrick Enyi
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

 Ishola Rufus Akintoye
Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

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[4]. Esmeray, A. (2016). The impact of accounting information systems on firm performance: Empirical evidence in Turkish small and medium sized enterprises. International review of management and marketing, 6(2), 233-236.
[5]. Eugenia, I. & Tiberiu, S. (2013). Accounting information for strategic decisions. Educational Research International, 1(1), 92-93.
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[7]. Haldma, T. & Laats, K. (2016). Influencing Contingencies on Management Accounting Practices in Estonian Manufacturing Companies. Management Accounting Research, 13 (4), 379-400.
[8]. Hanifi, F., & Taleeib, A . (2015). Accounting information system and management’s decision making Process. Management Science Letters 5 , 685-694.
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[11]. Kanakriyah, R. (2016). The Effect of Using Accounting Information Systems on The Quality of Accounting Information According to Users Perspective In Jordan. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 4(11), 58-75.
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Olalekan Oladipo Akinrinola, Enyi Patrick Enyi, Ishola Rufus Akintoye “Accounting Information System as an Aid to Decision Making Process in Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.254-263 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/254-263.pdf

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Effect of Counselling in Teenage Mothers Academic Performances in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya

Lydia Cheptoo Koech, John Simiyu, Herbert Ndimo – March 2019 Page No.: 264-280

Many girls suffer denied childhood due to teenage pregnancy, and the shame associated with the pregnancy do not allow the young mothers the opportunity to come back to school and therefore missed lifetime opportunities for the groups affected. Teenage pregnancy is widespread in the world, with Sub-Saharan African been the most affected in terms of the number of young mother and school drop outs. The exact impact of teenage motherhood on education is not well presented and therefore this study explored using qualitative and quantitative methods. The main purpose of the study was to assess the effects of teenage motherhood on academic performance in public secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County. The study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the status of teenage motherhood in public secondary schools, to assess effects of teenage motherhood absenteeism on academic performance, to assess the perception of teenage motherhood repetition of class on academic performance, to assess effects of teenage motherhood self-esteem on academic performance, to find out challenges faced by teenage mothers. The study was informed by Resiliency Theory. The descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The target population included 392 school teenage mothers drawn from 144 public secondary within Uasin-Gishu County. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the public secondary schools while the purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents of the study. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings from the study showed that teenage motherhood negatively affected academic performance due inability to raise funds to feed themselves and their children. Constant absenteeism and lack of adequate time to accomplish school tasks due to divided attention led to repeating of classes which in turn affected their self-esteem and confidence. It was also established from this study that most schools had strategies in place to enhance mother return to school policy which included a no-abortion policy and guidance and counseling services. Conclusions arising from the findings are as follows: Most of the teenage mothers are not able to attend school five days a week; majority of the respondents have repeated classes involuntary and their self-esteem is low due to hurdles they face in their schooling. Recommendations arising from this study are: teenage motherhood should not be a reason for school drop-out, rather these youth should be assisted to develop resilience; teenage mothers should be motivated and provided with all the support they need for their schooling; no teenage mother should be forced to repeat classes missed since this reduces their self-esteem; and guidance and counseling services should be offered to all stake holders to facilitate easy transition from teenage motherhood to student hood.

Page(s): 264-280                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 April 2019

 Lydia Cheptoo Koech
Department of Education Technology, University of Eldoret., P. O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya

 John Simiyu
Department of Education Technology, University of Eldoret., P. O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya

 Herbert Ndimo
Department of Education Technology, University of Eldoret., P. O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya

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Lydia Cheptoo Koech, John Simiyu, Herbert Ndimo “Effect of Counselling in Teenage Mothers Academic Performances in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.264-280 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/264-280.pdf

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Ejagham Cross Border Re-integration between Cameroon and Nigeria 1916-1961

Raphael Achou Etta (PhD) – March 2019 Page No.: 281-287

The 1913 colonial boundaries which came on the heels of a series of Anglo-German border agreements from 1885 officially divided the Ejagham community putting them astride in the German and British territories of Cameroon and Nigeria, respectively. This colonial administrative surgery was plotted along the Cross River and the Awa stream which lay within the Ejagham land. These natural waterways that hitherto served as an economic vacuum for loose exploration and exploitation became lines of political and economic division among the Ejagham of the two territories. The German attempt to rigidly control and prevent the flow of goods and people to the British territory seriously affected, although did not completely perturb the interactions among the Ejagham of both sides in all spheres of life. The article on this premise posits that the German departure from the territory and British succession was a blessing for the Ejagham communities severed by the colonial borders. The British decision to jointly administer the Southern Cameroons as an integral part of South Eastern Nigeria reinvigorated the firm resolve for the Ejagham to re-establish economic and socio-cultural integration on both sides of the border.

Page(s): 281-287                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 April 2019

 Raphael Achou Etta (PhD)
University of Bamenda, Cameroon

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Calabar District Archives
[45]. CADIST,1/4/193, “Ejagham improvement Union” by J.V. Dewhurst.

Raphael Achou Etta (PhD) “Ejagham Cross Border Re-integration between Cameroon and Nigeria 1916-1961” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.281-287 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/281-287.pdf

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Evaluation of the Assessment Programme in Special Education Schools in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Mohammed Gishiwa, Luka Yelwa Barde, Waziri Garba, El-jajah, Musa Hassan Elzaman, Tabita Sule Gaba – March 2019 Page No.: 288-294

This study investigated the evaluation of the assessment programme in special education schools in Bauchi State, Nigeria. There were 4 purposes that guided the study. 4 research questions and 4 null hypotheses was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study was 100 subjects comprising school administrators and classroom teachers of senior secondary schools in Yobe State. The Sample size of 100 elements comprising teachers were selected for the study. A structured questionnaire with 20 items was used to gather data using five likert format rating scale. The statistical tool used in the analysis of 4 research question was mean and standard deviation while Chia-square was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that special education graduates can compete favorably in the labour market and they should not be discriminated against in the labour market, special education graduates can compete favorably in the labour market and they should not be discriminated against in the labour market certificates issued in special schools is valid the quality of the certificate is considerably equal to those obtainable in normal conventional schools, there need for including some subjects the curriculum of special schools especially vocational training bearing in mind the nature of deformity in each group of the students. Bauchi governments should offer special train in, and in-service training to teachers in the field of special education in special schools. The overall result indicates that there is statistically significant difference in evaluation of the assessment programme in special education schools in Bauchi State. This study also recommends Bauchi State Government to provide available teaching materials in special schools.

Page(s): 288-294                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 04 April 2019

 Mohammed Gishiwa
Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

 Luka Yelwa Barde
Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

 Waziri Garba, El-jajah
Yobe State Teaching Service Board Damaturu Yobe State, Nigeria.

 Musa Hassan Elzaman
Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

 Tabita Sule Gaba
Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

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[6]. Kalra, A (2018) Special needs students still struggle to access quality education. Here’s how teachers can help. Teaching and Learning International Survey, Directorate for Education and Skills.
[7]. Kane, G., Armstrong, D., Kelly, M and O’Sullivan, G. (2010). National Survey of Parental Attitudes to and Experiences of Local and National Special Education Services.Trim: NCSE.
[8]. Laju A (2012), Ability in Disability. Educating Children’s with Special Needs, Lagos.
[9]. Michael E, onu. V and janeth, I (2012) A review of special education services delivery in the united States and nigeria: implications for inclusive education. Us-china education review, 25-830
[10]. Michael E, onu. V and janeth, I (2012) A review of special education services delivery in the united States and nigeria: implications for inclusive education. Us-china education review, 825-830
[11]. National council for special education (2013) Supporting Students with Special Educational Needsin Schools.1–2 Mill Street Trim Co. Meath, 5-45
[12]. Odekunle, R M (2013) Academic Research: Developing stills in project writing (2nd Edition).RECHPublishing House, Lagos.
[13]. Olanrewaju. R. A, Jerry. E. J, Ademola. S. R And Nwakaego., E, I (2014) Barriers to special needs education in nigeria.international journal of education and research (2). 11,
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[15]. Unegbu, J.I. (2006). Service provision for special needs children. In E.D. Ozoji, I.O. Ezera, N.E. Ezeani and M. Abednego (Eds). Contemporary issues in Special Needs Education (161-166). Jos: Deka Publications
[16]. United Nations (2006) United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol. UN.

Mohammed Gishiwa, Luka Yelwa Barde, Waziri Garba, El-jajah, Musa Hassan Elzaman, Tabita Sule Gaba “Evaluation of the Assessment Programme in Special Education Schools in Bauchi State, Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.288-294 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/288-294.pdf

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Understanding the Causes of Students’ weak Performance in Geography at the WASSCE and the Implications for School Practices; A Case of Two Senior High Schools in a Rural District of Ghana

Moses Ackah Anlimachie – March 2019 Page No.: 295-311

The study investigates the causes of students’poor performance in Geography at the West Africa SeniorSchool Certificate Examination (WASSCE) in Ghana. To inform policy and practice on how policymakers, educators, teachers, students and communities/parents could better collaborate to improve teaching and learning, and students’ learning outcomes in Senior High Schools in Ghana. The study argues that linking the classroom to students’lifeworlds through practical and fieldwork activities make learning attractive, practical and permanent to students. This is fundamental to improve students’achievements while maximizing relevant educational outcomes for national and community sustainability.

Page(s): 295-311                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 April 2019

 Moses Ackah Anlimachie
School of Education, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

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[4] Amadahe, F. and Gyimah, A. 2008. Introduction to Measurement and Evaluation. Centre for Continuous Education, University of Cape Coast: CCE publications.
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[18] Government of Ghana (GOG). 2012. Education Strategic Plan (2010 -2020) Volume 1. Policies, Strategies, Delivery and Finance. Ministry of Education. Accra, Ghana.
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[22] Kuusilehto-Awale, L. & Lahtetro, T. 2012. Combining Equity and Quality in Achieving Excellent Outcomes in Education For All-Case Of Finland. Comparative Education Review, 2012-2013, 34, 7-12.
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[25] Lesley, B. (1997). Describing the Geography: Collections at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
[26] Marzano, R. (2003). What works in schools: Translating research into action? Alexandria- Virginia.
[27] Ministry of Education (MoE), Ghana, 2010 Teaching Syllabus for Geography (Senior High School 1 – 3). Accra:Curriculum Research and Development Division (CRDD) of Ghana Education Service, Ghana
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[31] Pimpong, E. 2006). Interactions between education, economy and politics: acase of Ghana’sEducational system from a historical perspective. (Master’s thesis, University of Bergen.
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[33] Prosser, B. 2010. Connecting lives and learning: mapping the territory. In: PROSSER, B., LUCAS, B. & REID, A. (eds.) Connecting lives and learning: renewing pedagogy in the middle years Introduction. Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press.
[34] Rizvi, F. & Lingard, B. 2010. Globalizing Education Policy. London: Routledge.
[35] Taylor, S. 1997. Critical Policy Analysis: exploring contexts, texts and consequences. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education,18, 23-35.
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Moses Ackah Anlimachie “Understanding the Causes of Students’ weak Performance in Geography at the WASSCE and the Implications for School Practices; A Case of Two Senior High Schools in a Rural District of Ghana” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.295-311 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/295-311.pdf

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Zimbabwe 2018 Elections: Shattered Hopes for Change and Economic Recovery

Cosmas Chikwawawa – March 2019 Page No.: 312-316

This paper presents an analysis of the 2018 harmonised presidential, parliamentary and local government elections in Zimbabwe, a Southern African country with a population of about 14 million people, which gained independence from Britain in 1980, following an armed struggle. The elections engendered hope for change and development against the backdrop of a debilitating and prolonged economic crisis. Although this is a controversial position, the Zimbabwean society associated electoral democracy with economic development. AsBratton and Masunungure (2018) note, Zimbabweans were tentatively hopeful that fair and free elections would break the trend of past disputed elections, restore leadership legitimacy and launch economic reforms. The paper looks at the pre-election period, the vote casting day and the post-election period, with a view to assessing the credibility of the election. The paper concludes that the elections in a large measure lacked credibility and were not free and fair by any standard, yielding a disputed outcome, which left the country mired in political tension and economic decline. As such, the election left the generality of the Zimbabwean populace deeply disillusioned, with their hopes of returning to democracy and economic revival depressingly shattered.

Page(s): 312-316                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 April 2019

 Cosmas Chikwawawa
PhD student, College of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe

[1]. Adjei, A. O. (2008) Windows of opportunity – the Ghana experience. In: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2008) Democracy and Development in aGlobalized World.
[2]. Adejumobi, S. (2000)Between Democracy and Development in Africa: What Are the Missing Links? A Paper Presented to the World Bank
[3]. Bardhan, P. K. (2008) Democracy – facilitating or hampering development? In: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2008) Democracy and Development in aGlobalized World.
[4]. Bratton, M. and Masunungure, E. (2018) Public attitudes towards Zimbabwe’s 2018 Elections: Downbeat Yet Hopeful? Afrobarometer Policy Paper Number 47.
[5]. Cheema, G.S. and Maguire, L. (2014)Democracy, Governance and Development: A Conference on “Development Thinking in the Next Millennium”, Paris 26-28 June 2000.
[6]. African Union Election Observation Mission (2018) Preliminary Statement. Harare, 1 August 2018.Conceptual Framework.United Nations Development Programme.
[7]. Chikerema, A.F. and Chakunda, V. (2014) “Political Culture and Democratic Governance in Zimbabwe”. Journal of Power, Politics & Governance, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 55-66.
[8]. Common Wealth Observer Group (2018) Zimbabwe Harmonised Elections 30 July 2018.
[9]. iamond, L. (2008) Democratic Development and Economic Development – Linkages andPolicy Imperatives. In: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2008)Democracy and Development in a Globalized World.
[10]. Election Support Network- Southern Africa (2018)Eminent Persons Observer Mission Report to the Zimbabwe Harmonised Elections 2018.
[11]. European Union Election Observation Mission (2018) Final Report: Republic of Zimbabwe Harmonised Elections 2018.
[12]. Gberevbie, D.E. (2014) Democracy, Democratic Institutions and GoodGovernance in Nigeria EASSRR, Vol. XXX, No. 1, Pp132-153.
[13]. Gerring, J., Knutsen, C.H., Skaaning, S., Theorell, J., Maguire, M., Coppedge, M. and Lindberg, S. (2016) Electoral Democracy and Human Development. Paper prepared for presentation at the ECPR joint sessions of workshops, Pisa, April 24-28, 2016.
[14]. Guramatunhu, P. (2018) ‘EU Pressuring ZANU PF to Implement Reforms “Bulawayo 24 News
[15]. Jamo, I.A. (2013) Democracy And Development In Nigeria: Is There A Link?Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) Vol. 3, No.3; Oct. 2013, pp.85-94
[16]. Magaisa, A.T. (2018)Big Saturday Read: Zimbabwe – the democracy & stability narratives
[17]. Mavhiki, R. N. (2016). Does democracy promotion promote democracy? The Zimbabwean case. Master’s thesis, Lingnan University,Hong Kong.
[18]. Media Monitors (2018) Reporting on Zimbabwe’s 2018 Elections: A Post-Election Analysis.
[19]. Mhaka, T. (2016) “How did Mnangagwa win Zimbabwe’s landmark July 30 election? The factors that led to Mnangagwa’s victory signal a grim future for Zimbabwe’s democracy”.
[20]. Njeru, S. (2018) Electoral Commissions of SADC Countries (ECF) 2018 Briefing. Research and Advocacy Unit
[21]. Somolokae, G. (2008) Democracy, Development and POVERTY – on Strengthening the Capacity of African Parliaments and Political Parties to Play a More Effective Role in Poverty Reduction. In: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2008)Democracy and Development in a Globalized World.
[22]. Tar, U.A. (2010) The challenges of democracy and democratisation in Africa and Middle East. Information, Society and Justice, Volume 3 No. 2, pp. 81-94.

Cosmas Chikwawawa “Zimbabwe 2018 Elections: Shattered Hopes for Change and Economic Recovery” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.312-316 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/312-316.pdf

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Socio-Economic Profiles of Beekeeping Farmers in Marigat, Baringo County – Kenya

Chemwok C. K, Tuitoek D. K, Nganai S. K. – March 2019 Page No.: 317-321

Knowledge of demographic characteristics of farmers is very critical in the design, implementation and review of policies geared towards adoption of new technologies by farmers. This study was set to establish the demographic profiles of bee keeping farmers in Marigat, Baringo County. The paper estimated the mean, median, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, Skewness, kurtosis, Jarque-Bera and probability of each demographic variable. The results are presented below. The paper recommends policy makers to consider demographic characteristics of beekeeping farmers when designing policies.

Page(s): 317-321                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 April 2019

 Chemwok C. K
University of Eldoret, Kenya

 Tuitoek D. K
Moi University, Kenya

 Nganai S. K.
Moi University, Kenya

[1]. Adjare, O. S. (1990). Beekeeping in Africa FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 68/6. FAO. Rome, Italy.
[2]. Berem, Risper M. ET AL., (2010). Is Value Addition in Honey A Panacea For Poverty Reduction In The Asal In Africa? Empirical Evidence from Baringo District,
[3]. Bradbear, N., Fisher, E. and Jackson, H. (2002) Strengthening livelihoods: exploring the role of bee keeping in development. Bees for Development, Monmouth, UK
[4]. Cicek H., Tandogon M., Terzi Y., & Yardimci M., (2007). Effects of some technical and socioeconomic factors on milk production costs in Dairy enterprise in Western Turkey. World J. Dairy and F. S. 2(2): 69-73.
[5]. Dick R., Adato M., Haddad L. & Hazell p., (2004). Science and poverty: An interdisciplinary assessment of the impact of agricultural research. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA.
[6]. Feder, L., R.E., Just & O. Zilberman, 1985. Adoption of Agricultural Innovation in Developing Countries:” A Survey” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32(2): 255-298. Kenya Contributed Paper Presented at The Joint 3rd African Association Of Agricultural Economists (Aaae) And 48th Agricultural Economists Association Of South Africa (Aeasa) Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 19-23, 2010.
[7]. Gardner, B. L., & Rausser G. C. Handbook of Agricultural Economics. Handbook of Agricultural Economics: Elsevier, 2001.
[8]. GoK (2008, 2012, 2013). Economic Survey (various issues). Nairobi: Government Printer.
[9]. GOK (2010). Economic Survey (various issues). Nairobi: Government Printer.
[10]. Hiroki Uematsu H., & Mishra A. K., (2010). Net Effect of Education on Technology Adoption by U.S. Farmers Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, February 6-9, 2010
[11]. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2009), Population Census.
[12]. Key JP (1997). Research Design in Educational Operation. Oklahoma State University.
[13]. Masuku M.B. (2013) socioeconomic analysis of beekeeping in Swaziland: A case study of the Manzini Region, Swaziland. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
[14]. Nsubuga G. (2000). Opportunities and Constraints for women participation in Beekeeping; Case study of Butuntumula Sub-county, Luwero Sub County. Makerere University Dissertation.
[15]. Quddus M. A., (2012). ‘Adoption of Dairy Technologies by Small Farm Holders: Practices and Constraints’, Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science.
[16]. Rahm, M. R. & Huffman W. E. “The Adoption of Reduced Tillage: The Role of Human Capital and Other Variable.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 66, no. 41984: 405-413.
[17]. Saha, A., H. A. Love, & R. Schwart. “Adoption of Emerging Technologies under Output Uncertainty.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76, no. 41994: 836‐846

Chemwok C. K, Tuitoek D. K, Nganai S. K. “Socio-Economic Profiles of Beekeeping Farmers in Marigat, Baringo County – Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.317-321 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/317-321.pdf

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Causes, Prevention and Solutions to Domestic Violence against Women in Cameroon: A Qualitative Study of Opinions from Perpetrators and Victims

Teke Johnson Takwa, Johnson Sambitla Tita-Fangmbung – March 2019 Page No.: 322-327

Information on domestic violence against women in Cameroon comes essentially from various operations of Demographic and Health Surveys and is essentially quantitative and incomplete for the proper understanding of this social ill. Quantitative data has revealed that the frequency of this ill in Cameroon is high and even higher than many other sub-Saharan countries. In order to better grasp how the key perpetrators of domestic violence (men) and the main victims (women), perceive the causes, consequences, prevention and solutions to the problem, a focus group discussion of six women and five men was organized in each of Cameroon’s ten regional capitals. The study revealed that despite divergent perceptions of gender-based domestic violence, both female and male discussants in a majority considered it bad and good for elimination. However, some men feel that it can be good if it is mild and aimed at correcting the wrongs of a woman. Some women, especially in the South, East and Centre regions of Cameroon, feel that some degree of domestic violence against them is necessary to serve as an expression of love. On a whole, both men and women participants at the focus group discussions see gender-based domestic violence as a social ill that needs religious, traditional, judiciary and administrative authorities to combat as well as individual self-control.

Page(s): 322-327                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 06 April 2019

 Teke Johnson Takwa
Central Bureau for Censuses and Population Studies, BUCREP, Yaoundé-Cameroona

 Johnson Sambitla Tita-Fangmbung
PhD Student in Conflict Resolution and Peace Building, Atlantic International University Honolulu USA.

[1]. BUCREP(2013). Plaquette de la Journée Internationale de la Femme:” Elimination et prévention de toutes formes de violence l’égard des femmes et des filles ». 12p
[2]. BUCREP (2013). Plaquette de I’EQVD : « Violences faites aux femmes et aux jeunes filles au Cameroun Cameroun : Defis et Perspectives ». 18P
[3]. Greaves L.et Hankivsky O. (1995). SelectedEstimates of the Costs of Violence againstWomen, London (Ontario), Centre de recherche sur la violence faites aux femmes et aux enfants, P2
[4]. National Institute for Statistics, Cameroon,(2013). DHS-MICS, Main Report, Macro International, New York, 546p
[5]. National Institute for Statistics, Cameroon,(2011). DHS, Main Rapport, Macro International, New York, 376p
[6]. International RescueCommittee,(2012). Je ne veux pas mourir avant mon heure : Les violences domestiques en Afrique de l’Ouest, New York.
[7]. Laurence, L. et Spalter-Roth, R. (1996). Measuring the costs of domestic violence against women and the cost-effectiveness of interventions: An initial assessment and proposals for further research, Washington, D.C, Institute for Women’s Policy Research
[8]. UNICEF (2000): La violence domestique à I’égard des femmes et des filles, Innocnti Digest,(No.6), Florence, 30P.
[9]. UNICEF (2006). Derrière les portes close (L’impact de la violence domestique sur les enfants, Traduction conjointe du rapport rédigé par Body International, 10P

Teke Johnson Takwa, Johnson Sambitla Tita-Fangmbung “Causes, Prevention and Solutions to Domestic Violence against Women in Cameroon: A Qualitative Study of Opinions from Perpetrators and Victims” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.322-327 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/322-327.pdf

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Access and Use of Seasonal Climate Forecasts Information on Maize Crop Production in Vihiga County, Kenya

Ambubi Andrew Josephert, Cholo Wilberforce, Mulinya Caroline, Paul Obino Ong’anyi – March 2019 Page No.: 328-338

Vihiga County has been faced by drastic reduction of maize crop yields in recent years making the realization of food security unattainable. The county live in absolute poverty, and therefore food insecure. The purpose of this study was to exploit the extent of access and use of seasonal climate forecast information by small-scale maize farmers on maize crop production in Vihiga County. The scope of the study mainly focused on evaluating the influence ofaccess and use of seasonal climate forecast information as the most adaptive strategy on maize crop production. This study was conducted through descriptive survey research design. This study targeted a population of 3,234 households of small-scale farmers with > 1 to 4 acres of land. The sample size of 153 households was used in the study. A systematic sampling technique was employed by purposeful selection of three constituencies of Hamisi, Vihiga and Luanda. Secondly, by purposeful selection of three wards of Muhudu, Mungoma and Luanda South that cut across agricultural zones in the county. Finally developing a sample frame of 3,234 households. Meteorologists and crop officers were purposefully sampled based on their availability. Primary data on the access and use of SCF information on maize crop production were collected by use of pre-tested Questionnaires. The secondary data was collected by use of Key Informant Interview Schedule for meteorologist and crop officers for the period 2004-2014 on rainfall, temperature, and maize crop production. Data was analysed both in descriptive and inferential using Microsoft software’s. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the extent of access and use of SCF on maize crop production. Correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between access and use of SCF and maize crop production in Vihiga County. The information obtained provided a feedback on the extent to which farmers are responding to seasonal climate forecasts information and provided a framework for improving maize crop production in Vihiga County. The study showed that there is a decline in maize crop production in Vihiga County and yet farmers accesses and uses SCF information. Where by the number of bags per acre dropped from 21.5 bags to 15.2 bags between (2004-2014). The study found that there is no significant relationship between access, use (r=0.018588, p=0.098141). The study concludes that futher research need to be conductedin the area to find out the main cause of decline in maize production in Vihiga County.The study however recommends the County government and the NGO’s in Vihiga County to come up with interventions strategies that may help small-scale farmers to increase maize crop production.

Page(s): 328-338                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 06 April 2019

 Ambubi Andrew Josephert
Department of Geography, Mount Kenya University, Kenya

 Cholo Wilberforce
Department of Health Sciences, Masinde Muliro University, Kenya

 Mulinya Caroline
Department of Geography, Masinde Muliro University, Kenya

 Paul Obino Ong’anyi
Department of Geography, Kibabii University, Kenya

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Ambubi Andrew Josephert, Cholo Wilberforce, Mulinya Caroline, Paul Obino Ong’anyi “Access and Use of Seasonal Climate Forecasts Information on Maize Crop Production in Vihiga County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.328-338 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/328-338.pdf

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The Adoption and Use of Online Transactions in Retail Banking: The Case of Gwanda Town in Zimbabwe

Cinderella Dube, Victor Gumbo – March 2019 Page No.: 339-343

Online transaction services have been in use in the banking environment for the past few decades. Their use is attracting more and more organisations due to the convenience that they offer to customers as well as the efficiency offered to banks. The adoption and use of online transactions in banks has been generally accepted in many parts of the world. However, there has been little information on the adoption and use of online transactions in Zimbabwe in general and in Gwanda in particular. The study thus sought to find out the adoption and use of online transactions in retail banks in Gwanda town in Zimbabwe. The adoption and use of online transactions was also explored in terms of gender and age differences. In this study, the online transactions examined were Internet Banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATM) and Mobile Banking. The study took an exploratory and mixed methods approach where interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The results revealed that although banks had adopted online transactions, the adoption and use by customers was still low. There were no gender based disparities with regards to the adoption of online transactions under study. However, the study found out that the younger generations adopted more online transactions than the older generation. The study recommended customers to adopt the online transactions adopted by banks. Banks were also urged to use age-based marketer persuasion tools in order to persuade both the younger and older generations to adopt online transactions.

Page(s): 339-343                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Cinderella Dube
National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe.

 Victor Gumbo
University of Botswana, Botswana

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Cinderella Dube, Victor Gumbo “The Adoption and Use of Online Transactions in Retail Banking: The Case of Gwanda Town in Zimbabwe” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.339-343 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/339-343.pdf

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Social Laws of Intolerance “On the Metaphysics of Terrorism and Genocide”

Munthir Chel’loob – March 2019 Page No.: 344-349

Bigotry alone does not lead to disasters and cause genocides to occur; other different types of ideas may entail this possibility. Ironically, even tolerance may be leading to similar results. The reason is that tolerance may become a pretext for excluding those who do not believe in it; that is, people who may think that they are tolerant may work towards the exclusion of those who are different from them in the name of defending tolerance.
I attempt to expose the concepts of tolerance and extremism and reach the functioning actors, on the social level, who shape the genocide laws governing the events of cultural, ethnic and religious exclusion, the paradox of tolerance and the fallacy of using reason to reach consensus between humans. I also attempt to resolve the contradictions of anti-tolerance attitudes by using the concept of common sense.

Page(s): 344-349                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Munthir Chel’loob
Kufa University, Iraq

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Munthir Chel’loob “Social Laws of Intolerance “On the Metaphysics of Terrorism and Genocide”” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.344-349 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/344-349.pdf

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An Ethical Assessment of the Impact of Inequitable Land Ownership Patterns on Women’s Economic and Social Rights: A Case Study of Mumbwa District

Shadrick Chembe, Dr. Anthony Musonda – March 2019 Page No.: 350-356

The study ethically assessed the impact of inequitable land ownership patterns on women’s economic and social rights in Mumbwa district. Despite more women than men being dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods, the majority of women in Zambia do not own land due to inequitable land ownership patterns. The problem is that while it is generally known that inequitable land ownership limits women’s access to livelihoods, it is not clear how much this affects their access to economic and social rights. Thus, the specific objectives of the study were: to investigate the current state of land ownership between men and women in Zambia; to establish factors that contribute to the existing land ownership patterns; and to ethically assess the impact of existing land ownership patterns on women’s economic and social rights in Mumbwa district.
A case study research design was employed using a qualitative methodology with an ethical component. With a sample size of 78, primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with 37 community members, 4 head persons, 1 government representative and 1 representative from a local Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) called Women for Change. Four focus group discussions with 35 community members in addition to observations were also used to collect primary data. Secondary data was collected by reviewing books, journals, articles and internet-based materials. Community members and traditional leaders were selected using simple random sampling while representatives from government and NGO were purposively selected based on possession of knowledge about land ownership in the area. Content analysis was used to analyse data followed by an ethical evaluation of the study findings.
The study found that there is inequality in land ownership between men and women. Land is mostly owned by the men who also exercise greater control over its use. The existing unequal land ownership patterns were attributed to five main factors which are power imbalances, culture, land allocation practices, suppression of women and allocation of labour. Unequal land ownership impacts negatively on women and on their ability to earn enough to meet their family basic needs. Consequently, it negatively affects their ability to have adequate food and facilitate their children’s access to education.
An ethical evaluation of the findings was guided by rights theory and the ethics of care. As regards rights theory, there was discrimination of women on the basis of gender and marital status. It was observed that such a violation on women’s rights should not be tolerated as Zambia is a State Party to many international commitments that affirm equal rights to land. Using ethics of care, it was observed that land ownership for women is critical to promoting their well-being as care-givers. Compromising women’s land rights not only affects them but also affects children and the aged who are mostly under their care.
Among others, recommendations were made that government should conduct ethical awareness raising on equal land ownership rights, should introduce legislation to promote joint land ownership and should effectively enforce statutory law to guarantee equal enjoyment of land ownership rights between men and women under customary land.

Page(s): 350-356                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Shadrick Chembe
Master of Arts in Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy and Applied Ethics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Zambia

 Dr. Anthony Musonda
Master of Arts in Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy and Applied Ethics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Zambia

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[24]. Tura, H.A. (2014). A Woman’s Right to and Control over Rural Land in Ethiopia: The Law and the Practice. International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies. 2, 137-165.
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[27]. Vanhees, K. (2014). Property rights for women in Rwanda: Access to land for women living in de facto unions. MA Thesis, University of Gent, Belgium.
[28]. Veit, P. (2011). Women and customary land rights in Uganda. Focus on Land in Africa.
[29]. ______. (2012). Custom, law and women’s land rights in Zambia. Focus on Land in Africa.
[30]. Women for Change. (2014). A baseline survey on access to and control over productive resources in Kapiri Mposhi and Mumbwa districts. Lusaka.
[31]. ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬______. (2015). Gender needs assessment. Lusaka

Shadrick Chembe, Dr. Anthony Musonda “An Ethical Assessment of the Impact of Inequitable Land Ownership Patterns on Women’s Economic and Social Rights: A Case Study of Mumbwa District” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.350-356 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/350-356.pdf

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Influence of Talent Development on Knowledge Retention in Government Ministries in Kenya

Loise Wachuka Mungai, Wario Guyo, Willy Muturi, Assumpta Kagiri – March 2019 Page No.: 357-364

The two objectives of this study were to assess the influence of talent development on knowledge retention in government ministries in Kenya and to establish if top management commitment moderates the influence of talent development on knowledge retention. A survey was conducted with employees of 7 randomly sampled government ministries as the respondents. The sample size was 385 respondents selected using a statistical formula for determining sample size from populations with over ten thousand subjects. Pearson Correlation and linear regression models were used in determining the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
The study found that government ministries have put in place various talent development measures. Findings of the study confirmed that talent development significantly influences knowledge retention in government ministries in Kenya. Top management commitment was found to significantly moderate the influence of talent development on knowledge retention. The study recommends that government ministries in Kenya improve talent development and other talent management practices in order to improve on knowledge retention and remain competitive. It also recommends that top management remain committed to talent development and communicate this commitment internally and externally in order to attract and retain the appropriate talent.

Page(s): 357-364                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Loise Wachuka Mungai
PhD Student, JKUAT, College of Human Resource Development, Department of Entrepreneurship, Technology, Leadership and Management, Nairobi, Kenya.

 Wario Guyo
Senior Lecturer, JKUAT, College of Human Resource Development, Department of Entrepreneurship, Technology, Leadership and Management, Nairobi, Kenya.

 Willy Muturi
Professor, JKUAT, College of Human Resource Development, Department of Economics, Accounts and Finance, Nairobi, Kenya.

 Assumpta Kagiri
Lecturer, JKUAT, College of Human Resource Development, Department of Entrepreneurship, Technology, Leadership and Management, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Loise Wachuka Mungai, Wario Guyo, Willy Muturi, Assumpta Kagiri “Influence of Talent Development on Knowledge Retention in Government Ministries in Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.357-364 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/357-364.pdf

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The Nexus between Teaching Method and Academic Performance of Students in Anambra State

Mayor, A. and Ogbogbo, G. O. – March 2019 Page No.: 365-369

This study examined teaching methods and their impact on performance of Student in a tertiary institution. The teaching methods considered in this study includes: discussion method, demonstration method, lecture method and questioning method. Primary source of data collection was adopted for this study with the aid of a well structured questionnaire. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the obtained data. Findings showed that majority of the respondents agreed that discussion method is the most preferred teaching method. It was found that there exist no significant difference on the preferred teaching method. It was found that majority of the respondents to a large extent have the understanding of the various teaching methods. Also, it was found that there exist no significant difference on the level of understanding of the respondents on the various teaching methods. It was found that majority of the respondents believe that demonstration method is the best followed by discussion method of teaching while lecture method was found to be the least most effective method. Also, it was found that the commonly used method of teaching was the lecture method followed by demonstration method of teaching while questioning method was found to be the least most effective method of teaching.

Page(s): 365-369                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Mayor, A.
Department of Statistics, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

 Ogbogbo, G. O.
Department of Statistics, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

[1]. Adunola, O. (2011). An Analysis of the Relationship between Class Size and Academic Performance of Students. Ego Booster Books, Ogun State, Nigeria.
[2]. Armila, D., Musfiq, M. C., Shorefuzzaman, M. and Min-Ho, K. (2015). Evaluation of teaching methods on students’ academic Performance in the University of Dhaka. AEIJMR, 3(4): 1-15.
[3]. Barr, R. B. and Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning: A new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change, 27, 12-15.
[4]. Chang, Y. (2010). Students’ Perceptions of Teaching Styles and Use of Learning Strategies, Retrieved from: http://trace.tennessee.udu/utk gradthes/782.
[5]. Corneille, L. T., Simon, K. S., and Guillaume, B. B. (2017). Effectiveness of the Teaching Methods of Elementary Reading on Pupils’ Academic Performance. Education,: 7(6): 112-123
[6]. Ganyaupfu, E.M. (2013). Teaching Methods and Students’ Academic Performance. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2(9): 29-35.
[7]. Ijeoma, N. B. (2014). The Contribution of Fair Value Accounting on Corporate Financial Reporting in Nigeria. American Journal of Business, Economics and Management, 2(1): 1-8.
[8]. Ijeoma, N., Aronu, C. O. (2013). Effect of Human Resource Accounting (HRA) on Financial Statement of Nigerian Banks. International Journal of Advancement in Research & Technology, 2(8): 342-347.
[9]. Montogomery, D. C. and Runger, G. C. (2003). Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (3rd Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA, 2003.
[10]. Muzenda, A. (2013). Lecturers’ Competences and Students’ Academic Performance, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 3 (1): 6-13.
[11]. Nworuh, G. E.(2004). Basic Research Methodology for Researchers Trainees and Trainers in Management Sciences (Second Edition). Ambix Printers Nigeria.
[12]. Wen-Hwa, K. O. and Feng-Ming, C. (2014). Teaching Quality, Learning Satisfaction, and Academic Performance among Hospitality Students in Taiwan. World Journal of Education, 4(5).

Mayor, A. and Ogbogbo, G. O. “The Nexus between Teaching Method and Academic Performance of Students in Anambra State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.365-369 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/365-369.pdf

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Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Management In Ifite, Awka Urban Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

Kelechi Friday Nkwocha, Chukwuma Patrick Nwabudike, Samuel Oji Iheukwumere, Kenneth O. Oluyori, Peter Peter Umeh – March 2019 Page No.: 370-374

Owing to a rapid surge in population and urbanization in Ifite, Awka Urban area of Anambra state, problems associated with municipal solid waste management have become a critical issue. Its direct impact on human health and aesthetic values of the environment makes it crucial. The aim of this study is to develop an optimum municipal solid waste collection and disposal system in Ifite, Awka urban area, Anambra state Nigeria through recommending best route for solid waste collection and disposal. From the findings, a collection and disposal plan was developed using GIS tools. ArcGIS 10.2 Network Analyst software was used to optimize solid waste collection and disposal routes for Ifite (scenario 1) as well as to calculate the distance for the scenario. The distance covered for scenario 1 is 12.3km.

Page(s): 370-374                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Kelechi Friday Nkwocha
Department of Geography, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

 Chukwuma Patrick Nwabudike
Department of Geography and Meteorology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

 Samuel Oji Iheukwumere
Department of Geography and Meteorology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

 Kenneth O. Oluyori
Department of Geography, Nigeria Defence Academy Post Graduate School, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

 Peter Peter Umeh
Department of Geography, Nigerian Army University, Biu, Borno State, Nigeria

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[2]. EZERIE, H.E, CHIMA, G.N, OGBONNA, C.E, and CHIBUNNA, J.B. (2017): Municipalsolid waste management in Aba, Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Environmental Engineering Research. Vol. 22, No.3, pp. 231-236.
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[5]. AKANWA, A. O. (2017): Characterization of Leachates from Solid wastedumpsites and its Implication on Sustainable Groundwater Sources in Anambra State, Nigeria. A paper delivered at 2nd International conference on the Environment (FESCON 2017), Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University.
[6]. EZENWAJI, E. E., PHIL-EZE, P. O., ENETE, I. C., and OSUIWU, B. O. (2014): An Analysis of the Cycles and Periodicities of Annual Rainfall over Awka Region, Nigeria. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. Vol. 4, pp. 665-671.
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[8]. EZEAH, C.(2010): Analysis of Barriers and Success Factors affecting the Adoption of Sustainable management of municipal solid waste in Abuja, Nigeria. A Ph.D thesis submitted to university of Wolverhampton.
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[10]. HAREESH, K.B., MANJUNATH, N.T., and NAGARAJAPPA D.P. (2015): Route Optimization Model for Municipal Solid Waste Management by a Decentralized System in Davangaree City. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering.Vol. 5, ISSN 2250.
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[12]. IRO, S. I, OKORONDU, U. V, MBANO, E., and Duru, P. (2012): “Implications of Geographic Information System in Mapping Solid Waste Collection Points in New Owerri, Imo State”. An International Journal of Science and Technology Bashir Dar, Ethiopia. Vol.1, No.1, pp. 60-69.
[13]. KADAFA, A.Y., ABDULLAH, H. O., and SULAIMAN, W.N. (2013): Current Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in FCT Abuja. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences. Vol.5, No.6, pp. 295-304, ISSN: 2041-0484; e-ISSN: 2041-0492.
[14]. KARADIMAS, N. V., KOLOKATHI, M., DEFTERAIOU, G., & LOUMAS, V. (2007).Municipal Waste Collection of Large Items Optimized with Arc GIS Network Analyst. 21st European Conference on Modeling and Simulation.
[15]. KARADIMAS, N.V, and LOUMOS, V.G. (2008): GIS- based modeling for the Estimation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Collection. Journal of Waste Management and Research. Vol. 26, pp. 337-346.
[16]. KANCHANABHAN, T.E., MOHAIDEEN, J.A., SRINIVASAN, S., and SUNDARAM, V., (2010): Optimum Municipal Solid Waste Collection using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Vehicle Tracking for Pallavapuram municipality. Journal of Waste Management and Research. Vol.8, No. 6.

Kelechi Friday Nkwocha, Chukwuma Patrick Nwabudike, Samuel Oji Iheukwumere, Kenneth O. Oluyori, Peter Peter Umeh “Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Management In Ifite, Awka Urban Area, Anambra State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.370-374 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/370-374.pdf

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Personality Factors Affecting Athlete Performance in Baseball and Softball: Identification and Instrument Development

Weni Endahing Warni, Urip Purwono – March 2019 Page No.: 375-384

Aside from physical and technical factors, personality plays an important role in athlete’s achievement and performance. Despite its importance, study in this area, especially in the area of Baseball and Softball is very limited. In Indonesia personality research related to Athlete’s performance and achievement in Baseball and Softball has never been reported. This study is aimed at filling this gap. The objectives are two folds. Grounded in traits and types approach to personality, the first objective of the study was to identify personality dimensions critical to athlete’s performance in baseball and softball. Further, this study also addressed the need for a well-grounded, reliable, and valid tools to assess these personality dimensions by developing a self-report instrument. We first conduct a series of interview and focused group discussion with coaches and elite athletes to identify dimensions important to athletes’ performances in baseball and softball fields. We found 13 personality dimensions identified as critical to athletes’ performances in baseball and softball, namely (1) Practical intelligence, (2) Concentration, (3) Emotional Stability, (4) Self Confidence, (5) Ability to Control Anxiety, (6) Adjustment, (7) Self-Discipline, (8) Commitments, (9) Openness, (10) Motivation, (11) Ambition for Achievement, (12) Teamwork, and (13) Leadership. These results were validated by a panel of experts through an invited workshop. To assess these these dimensions, we develop Athlete Personality Questionnaire (APQ) consisting of 80 items. Rating Scale analysis using Rasch Model to the field testing data collected from 514 baseball and softball athletes shows the APQ yield scores with high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = .96) and person reliability of .95. The item polarity indices also indicate that the instruments have items with a very good level of measurement accuracy. We also validated the instrument using Batting Average, as criterion. Employing Partial Least Square procedure, we found that eight personality dimension has a significant relationship with the criterion measures while five other dimensions did not.

Page(s): 375-384                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Weni Endahing Warni
Airlangga University, Indonesia

 Urip Purwono
Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

[1]. Amrun, I. T. (2017). Adversary Mental Profile: Profil Mental Pemenang. Penerbit: Lembaga Psikologi Terapan Universitas Indonesia Jakarta.
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[6]. Dimyati. (2010). Psychological Characteristics of Athletes at Students Education and Training Centre. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3, 172-180.
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[8]. Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2001). The Developmental of Psychological Talent in US Olympic Champions. Final Grand Report Executive Summary. University of North Carolina at Greesboro: Applied Sport Psychology Laboratory Department if Exercise & Sport Science.
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[10]. Hambleton, R.K., Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H.J. (1991). Fundamental of Item Response Theory. Newburry Park, CA: Sage Publications.
[11]. Hartanti, Y. L., Pambudi, I., Zainal, T., & Lasmono, H. K. (2004). Aspek Psikologis dan Pencapaian Prestasi Atlet Nasional Indonesia. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1, 40-54.
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[14]. Linacre, J. M. (2016). Winsteps: Rasch measurement computer program User’s Guide. Beaverton, Oregon: Winsteps.com.
[15]. McCreary, L. L., Conrad, K. M., Conrad, K. J., Scott, C. K., Funk, R. R., & Dennis, M. L. (2013). Using the Rasch measurement model in psychometric analysis of the family effectiveness measure. Nursing Research, 62(3), 149-159.
[16]. Nunnally, J.C. (1981). Psychometric Theory. Second Edition. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[17]. Sumintono, B & Widhiarso, W. (2015). Aplikasi Model Rasch Untuk Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Edisi Revisi. Cimahi: Trim Komunikata Publishing House.
[18]. Suryanto. (2010). Identifikasi Kondisi Psikologis (Mental) Atlet Junior Cabang Olahraga Panahan Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. FIK, 014/ PPI/ L/ 2010. Bidang Olahraga dan Kesehatan.
[19]. Utama, B. (2010). Aspek Psikologi Dalam Pembinaan Atlet Tenis Meja. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
[20]. Weinberg, R.S & Gould, D. (2007). Foundation of Sport and Exercise Psychology. United States: Human Kinetic.
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[23]. Yen, W.M. (1993). Scaling Performace Assessments: Strategies for Managing Local Item Dependence. Journal of Educational Measurement, 30 (3), p: 187-213.
[24]. Yuwanto, L & Sutanto, N. (2012). Deskripsi Psikologis Atlet Remaja Berdasarkan Analisis Struktur EPPS. Mind Set, Juni 2012, hal 115-122.

Weni Endahing Warni, Urip Purwono “Personality Factors Affecting Athlete Performance in Baseball and Softball: Identification and Instrument Development” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.375-384 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/375-384.pdf

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Evaluation of Awareness Level and Public Perception of the Image of Insurance Companies in Enugu State

Marafa Salisu Sagagi, Ekperi, Paul Madukwe, Nwadike, Stanley Chukwuma – March 2019 Page No.: 385-390

The study therefore examined the level of awareness and public perception of insurance companies in Enugu State. A structured open-ended and likert scale questionnaire were used to elicit information from 400 respondents. Tables, percentages, chart and means scores where used to analyze the research questions, while Pearson Chi Square test was used to test the postulated hypothesis. Findings show low awareness by the public of insurance enterprise in Enugu State, despite the fact that the city is viewed as an enlightened city. The image of insurance companies in Enugu State was also found to be poor. This low level of awareness coupled with the poor image of the insurance companies in the state was found to be the reason for the low demand and patronage of insurance products and services in the state. The study thus recommends among others that insurance companies should engage in trade fairs, workshops, radio/TV jingles, etc. as this will serve as effective communication strategies to enlighten the public on their products and services. Also staff and agents of insurance companies should be properly trained and monitored in other to ensure that carry out their activities in an ethical and professional manner.

Page(s): 385-390                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Marafa Salisu Sagagi
Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

 Ekperi, Paul Madukwe
Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

 Nwadike, Stanley Chukwuma
Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

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Marafa Salisu Sagagi, Ekperi, Paul Madukwe, Nwadike, Stanley Chukwuma “Evaluation of Awareness Level and Public Perception of the Image of Insurance Companies in Enugu State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.385-390 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/385-390.pdf

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Challenges Facing the Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development in the Sekyere District: Enhancing Practise with Human Performance Technology

Alexander Kyei EDWARDS & Isaac OSEI-MENSAH – March 2019 Page No.: 391-403

The proposition is that the concept of human performance technology (HPT) into teacher continuous professional development (CPD) will enhance effectiveness in advancing the work of teaching. Data came from 120 out of the 150 purposively sampled SHS teachers from Sekyere District who responded to a survey questionnaire with open-ended items. Results showed four main motivational factors: (i) capacity building (83.3% Agreed), (ii) pedagogical content knowledge upgrade (88.0% Agreed), (iii) meaningful contents to add value (88.3% Agreed), but for (iv) a career progression and/or to gain experience through CPD was moderately low (56.7% Agreed). Also four challenges were discovered within the opinions of respondents. Therefore the study revealed a new thinking for consideration in the use of HPT theoretical framework for knowledge transfer to enhance the effectiveness of teacher CPD. The discourse focuses on challenges and implications for professional development, policy direction, and a practical application of HPT in the Ghana Education Service (GES). Study recommendations include first, school leadership to motivate teachers when it comes to CPD in secondary schools. Secondly, the National Teaching Council (NTC) should prescribe contents based on their need assessment for other training providers, HPT experts, and CPD facilitators to bring consistency, relevance, and quality to the work of teaching. Finally, it is believed that HPT providers in partnership with NTC should enhance CPD successfully to simplify the necessity for the teacher certification, teacher education practices, and add value to the government’s free secondary education policy.

Page(s): 391-403                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Alexander Kyei EDWARDS
Centre for Educational Policy Studies, University of Education, Winneba-Ghana

 Isaac OSEI-MENSAH
Department of Educational Leadership, University of Education, Winneba-Ghana

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Alexander Kyei EDWARDS & Isaac OSEI-MENSAH “Challenges Facing the Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development in the Sekyere District: Enhancing Practise with Human Performance Technology” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.391-403 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/391-403.pdf

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The use of English as a Language and Medium of Instruction in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of one Private University in Tanzania

Mary Atanas Mosha (PhD) – March 2019 Page No.: 404-415

This paper examined the use of English as a language and medium of instruction at the University of Bagamoyo in Tanzania. The study applied case study design. It was guided by four research questions. Mixed approaches were utilized. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 students from three Colleges (College of Law, College of Education, and College of Science). Five lecturers teaching at the Colleges were included in the study. The study had a sample of 65 people. Interview guides and questionnaires were used to collect data from the students and the lecturers.
Results from the study showed that students had difficulties in understanding the content presented in English, the medium of instruction at the three Colleges. The problem was partly contributed by difficulty English terminologies and students’ poor English background from lower levels (primary to secondary schools). Additionally, students were not confident and competent in using English in classroom discussions as well as communicating to each other and other staff outside classrooms. Most of the time students used Kiswahili because it was found easier and familiar compare to English on one hand; on the other hand; some of the lecturers used difficulty vocabularies and broken English that hindered students understanding of the content taught. However, findings from lecturers indicated that students had minimal English vocabulary and their English grammar was poor. In addition to that, students’ level of the English language reached before entry into University was found low. Kiswahili was found a viable alternative to the English medium because it would contribute to students’ high performance at the institution. Moreover, Kiswahili language was found simple and understandable to all students selected in the study. Despite the fact that Kiswahili was suggested to be used as a medium of instruction there were some of the students who thought that it would be difficult to translate and explain English concepts in all subjects in Kiswahili. The fact that one can understand better when taught in his/her language, and there had been long debates on language of instruction in Tanzania, there is a need for the government to rethink about the use of its own national language (Kiswahili) to be medium of instruction from nursery schools to tertiary education to minimize the problem.

Page(s): 404-415                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 09 April 2019

 Mary Atanas Mosha (PhD)
College of Education, University of Bagamoyo, P.O BOX 31285, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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Mary Atanas Mosha (PhD) “The use of English as a Language and Medium of Instruction in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of one Private University in Tanzania” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.404-415 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/404-415.pdf

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Establishment of Higher Terrestrial Plants and Animal Species Found in Matayos Division of Busia County, Kenya

Dr. Irene Mutavi, Dr. Albert Elim Long’ora – March 2019 Page No.: 416-422

In order to successfully achieve terrestrial biodiversity protection and conservation, more information is needed about the variety of plants and animal species existing in the ecosphere. Although biodiversity constitute a great asset in Kenya and Busia County at large, it is at risk of getting eroded due to increased anthropogenic activities, and therefore the urgent need to identify the various higher plants and animal species found in this sub-county. In the past, plants and animals were abundant in the area and currently some species are rare possibly due to destruction of their habitats by human activities. However, there is no known study that has focused on identifying the terrestrial plants and animals in the division. The study focused on Matayos division where biodiversity conservation issues have not been adequately addressed. Cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. A minimum sample size of 384 household heads was taken out of a study population of 56,186. Matayos division was stratified according to locations and then households selected through simple random sampling for questionnaire administration. Purposive sampling was used to get Key Informants such as village elders, chiefs and Sub chiefs. Primary data were collected through questionnaire administration, key informant interview, Focus Group Discussion, Field Observation and Photography. The results indicated that the division is endowed with variety of terrestrial plants and animal species which should be well protected. There is need for creating communities’ awareness on the various activities carried out and their effects on terrestrial biodiversity conservation so as to ensure conservation of the available species. Establishment of protected areas in the division to conserve these valuable species could benefit the community and the Busia County at large.

Page(s): 416-422                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 09 April 2019

 Dr. Irene Mutavi
Lecturer, Department of Geography and Natural Resource Management, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, P.O Box, 333 Maseno- Kenya

 Dr. Albert Elim Long’ora
Lecturer, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, P.O Box, 333 Maseno-Kenya

[1]. Allister, S., Leon B., Henny, V., Koen, R., Lisa E. and Kerry, T. (2009). Study on Understanding the Causes of Biodiversity Loss and the policy assessment Framework; in the context of the Framework. Contract No.DG ENV/G.1/FRA/2006/0073, Nethterlands.
[2]. Botkia, P., and Talbolt, H. (1992). in Shalma N.P (ed) Managing the world forests; Looking for Balance between conservation and Development, Hunt, USA.
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[5]. FAO. (1998). The State of the Worlds Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
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[12]. Maundu, P. and Tengnas B. (2005) Useful trees and Shrubs of Kenya; World Agroforestry Centre, Eastern and Central Africa Regional Programme, Nairobi-Kenya.
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[18]. Republic of Kenya. (2003). Busia County Environment Report;Government printer, Nairobi.
[19]. Republic of Kenya. (2005). Busia County Development Plan; Government printer, Nairobi.
[20]. Situma, F.D. and Wamukuya, G.M. (1999). Environmental Management Coordination Act, Kenya.
[21]. Taylor, C.H. and Pollock, C.M. (2008). State of the World’s Species. In Wildlife in a Changing World: An analysis of the 2008 1UCN Red list of Threatened Species. Eds. Vie,j. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2008
[22]. Tsingalia, M.H. (1990). Habitat Disturbance, Severity and Patterns of Disturbance in Kakamega forest, Western Kenya, Africa Journal of Ecology.
[23]. UNEP. (2002a). Global Environmental Outlook3. London
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[25]. UNEP. (2006c). Africa Environment Outlook-2: Our Environment, Our Wealth. Nairobi, Kenya.
[26]. UNEP. (2008d). Africa Atlas of our Changing Enviroment. Nairobi, Kenya.
[27]. UNEP. (2008e). Biodiversity and Agriculture; Safeguarding Biodiversity and Agriculture and securing Food for the World: Secretariat of the convention on Biological Diversity, Canada; ISBN 92-9225-111-2
[28]. Busia Wetland Status Report (BWSR). (1999). Wetland Status Report for Busia; Government Printer, Nairobi.
[29]. Wilson, E.O. (2003). Speciation and Biodiversity; American Institute of Biological Sciences. Maximillan publishers.

Dr. Irene Mutavi, Dr. Albert Elim Long’ora “Establishment of Higher Terrestrial Plants and Animal Species Found in Matayos Division of Busia County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.416-422 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/416-422.pdf

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Assessment of Community Participation in Forestry in Onigambari Forest Reserve

Chukwu, V. E. and Bada, S. O. – March 2019 Page No.: 423-430

This study investigated the degree of community participation in forestry among stakeholders of Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State. Interviews and one hundred and sixty-seven structured questionnaires were employed with the view to gathering information from respondents that were drawn using both multi-stage and purposive sampling designs. The data were analysed using Descriptive and Chi-square test of independence statistics. Foremost among factors responsible for encroachment in the forest reserve is occupation, in which farming was identified as the most crucial. Other factors which affect health of the forest reserve include Sex, age, marital status, family size, literacy level, location of farm land; right to land, domestic fuel materials, activities carried out in the forest reserve, participation and involvement of the people in the management and implementation of programmes in the reserve, cooperation between the indigenous people and the officers of the reserve as well as perception of benefits derived from the reserve. Also, the indigenous people were not involved in the management and implementation of programmes in the forest reserve and that Oyo state policy is not effective in management of the forest reserve. However, sustainability of the forest reserve is dependent on its effective management, which has a strong bearing on the level of participation and involvement of the local people. Community participation in forestry which will reflect the needs of the people was therefore recommended as imperative to the survival of the reserve.

Page(s): 423-430                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Chukwu, V. E.
University of Ibadan, Nigeria, India

 Bada, S. O.
University of Ibadan, Nigeria, India

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[2]. Akinyemi, O.D, (1998) Ecological Studies on a Dry Lowland Rainforest : case study of Onigambari Forest Reserve- A thesis submitted in the Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[3]. Arnold, JEM (1992) Community Forestry. Ten Years in Review. Community Forestry Note of FAO, Rome.
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[5]. Bada, S.O (1999) Community Participation in the Management of Omo Forest Reserve Prepared for FORMECU, Federal Department of Forestry, Abuja, Nigeria. 49. 1999.
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[9]. FDF (2001) Forestry Outlook Study for Africa. Country Report – Nigeria. Prepared by Aruofor, R., Federal Department of Forestry, July 2001. FAO, Rome, Italy.
[10]. FORMECU (1998): The assessment of vegetation and land use change in Nigeria between 1976/78 and 1993/95.
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[15]. Ngbanye N.C (1998) Sustainable Management: An Assessment of the Gmelina arborea plantations of Omo Forest Reserve in Ogun State, Nigeria; A thesis in the department of Forest Resources Management for the Award of Master of Science (M. Sc.) Degree in Forest Resources Economics and Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp5.
[16]. Okali, D.U.U and Amubode F.O (1995) Resource conservation in Oboto, Nigeria. Towards Common Ground: Gender and Natural Resource Management in Africa, African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, Kenya. 31p.
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[19]. http://129.3.20.41/eps/othr/papers/0508/0508011.doc).

Chukwu, V. E. and Bada, S. O. “Assessment of Community Participation in Forestry in Onigambari Forest Reserve” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.423-430 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/423-430.pdf

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Challenges of the Transitional Justice Activities in Sri Lanka: A Special Study on Missing Persons in Northern Province

K. Jashmiya – March 2019 Page No.: 431-433

This research seeks to identify the challenges in dealing with issues pertaining to civilian disappearances in the Northern Province and how the ongoing transitional justice process of the government address the above issues. Transitional justice mechanisms essentially react to past human rights violations. Sri Lanka has the second highest record of disappearances in the world, which is largely a result of the war and its related atrocities. There is a need to probe into the issue in the interest of closure for those emotionally affected by such disappearances, and thereby ensure meaningful reconciliation in the country. The objective of this research is to identify the challenges of meaningfully engaging in this process. Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive method. 30 respondents were selected from the districts of Jaffna, Vavuniya and Mannar for this purpose. Data were collected through observations, discussions and semi-structured interviews. The transitional government is conducting many activities for missing persons such as celebrating the day of missing persons, establishing missing person’s commissions, and recognizing many acts of missing persons. However, the government faces numerous challenges on this front such as the reluctance on the public’s part to share details about missing persons for security reasons, the belief that transitional justice initiatives are worthless, and the lack of faith in the government’s willingness to publicize the details of army personnel allegedly implicated in these this issue. The thrust of this paper is to approach these issues within a transitional justice framework, particularly arguing for truth, criminal persecutions, and reparation for those affected.

Page(s): 431-433                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 12 April 2019

 K. Jashmiya
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

[1]. GaminiKeerawella(2013) Post war Srilanka: Is Peace a Hostage of the military?. Dilemmas of Reconciliation Ethnic cohesion and peace building,colombo 05.:Karunaratne & sons (pvt) ltd: 122, Havelack Road.
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[3]. Jayadevauyangoda, (Ed) conflict (2005) conflict resolution and peace buildingan introduction to theories and practice
[4]. Laksiri Fernando (2016) Issue of New Constitution Making in Sri lanka; Towards Ethnic Reconciliation, Colombo Lack House Books Shope

K. Jashmiya “Challenges of the Transitional Justice Activities in Sri Lanka: A Special Study on Missing Persons in Northern Province” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.431-433 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/431-433.pdf

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Identity and Social Inclusion in Benue State: A Critical Review of Four Related Concepts

Comfort Erima Ugbem – March 2019 Page No.: 434-441

Identity is a critical aspect of social existence as it situates individuals and groups in a social setting. Beyond this, it is a tool used to create boundaries in social interaction thereby raising issues of exclusion and inclusion. Related to the subject of identity and exclusion is social solidarity which should characterize each social grouping in the society. The building block of social solidarity is very important as it has implications for cohesion and the survival of the group. Social solidarity also has implications for the strength of social capital which is important for integration, stability and development in society. These four concepts; social identity, social exclusion, social solidarity and social capital are examined in the light of their implications for economic, political and social existence of ethnic groups in Benue state. This paper suggests that a critical understanding of these concepts is needed for understanding social relations and addressing violent and non violent conflict among ethnic groups in Benue state as well as enhancing human and social development and recommends the integration of these concepts in development discourse as this would signify a departure from modernisation which regarded traditional relationships as impediments to development and dependency which defined social relations in relation to the means of production.

Page(s): 434-441                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 12 April 2019

 Comfort Erima Ugbem
Benue State University, Markurdi, Nigeria

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[3]. Ajene, O.2006. Benue State University Report on conflicts in the Benue valley. DFID
[4]. Alii, W. 2007. The impact of globalization on conflict in Africa. Best (ed) Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa. Spectrum Books LTD Ibadan
[5]. Alubo, O .2006.Ethnic Conflicts and Citizenship Crises in the Central Region, Spectrum books Ibadan Nigeria
[6]. Alubo, O. 2004. Citizenship and Nation Making in Nigeria: new challenges and contestations. Identity culture and politics, CODESRIA Vol 5 no 1 and 2
[7]. Colletta ,J Cullen, M. 2000. Lessons from Cambodia, Rwanda and Guatemala. The World Bank Washington. DC.
[8]. DFID. 2005.Reducing Poverty By Tackling Exclusion. A Policy Paper
[9]. Dustman, C and Preston, I.2001. Attitude to Ethnic Minorities, Ethnic Context And Location Decision. Economic Journal.111:470, 353-373
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[13]. Hilary, I. social exclusion and social solidarity: three paradigms.international labour review. 133:5,6 , 531+
[14]. Ibeanu, O. (2000). Ethnicity and transition to democracy in Nigeria: Explaining the passing of authoritarian rule in a multi-ethnic society. African Journal of Political Science.
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[19]. Mu’azzam, I, and Ibrahim J. 2000. The transformation of regional identities Jega (Ed) Identity Transformation under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria. Nordic African institute, Uppsala
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[21]. Nnoli, O. (2000). Globalisation and democracy in Africa. Globalisation and the Post-Colonial African State, Harare, AAPS Books, 173.
[22]. Nwajiaku-Dahou, K. (2009) “Heroes and Villains: Ijaw Nationalist Narratives of the Nigerian Civil War” Vol. XXXIV No. 1 pp. 47-67.
[23]. Obi, C. 2001. The Changing Forms Of Identity Politics In Nigeria Under The Economic Adjustment: The Case of The oil Minorities of The Niger Delta. Nordic African Institute Uppsala
[24]. Olurude, L.2005. Multiple Identities Citizenship Rights and Democratization. Ethnic Studies Review 28:2, 97+
[25]. Portes,A. 2000. The Two Meanings of Social Capital. Sociological Forum. 15.1, 1-12
[26]. Sanders, J. 2002. Ethnic Boundaries and Identity in plural Societies. Annual reviews of sociology ,28 :327 -352
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[31]. Das, R. J. (2006). Putting social capital in its place. Capital & Class, 30(3), 65-92.

Comfort Erima Ugbem “Identity and Social Inclusion in Benue State: A Critical Review of Four Related Concepts” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.3 issue 3, pp.434-441 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-3/434-441.pdf

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