Declining crops yield in the smallholder farmers cropping systems of sub-Saharan African (SSA) present the need to develop more sustainable production systems. Depletion of essential plant nutrients from the soils have been cited as the main contributing factors due to continues cultivation of cereal crops without application of organic/ inorganic fertilizers. Field experiments to evaluate effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizers, organic and integration of legumes in sorghum cropping systems on soil, available nitrogen (N) and P, were conducted in Busia County of Kenya during the short (SRS) and long rain seasons (LRS) of 2016 and LRS of 2017 respectively. The experiments comprised either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame grown with sorghum. The design was a split plot in a randomized complete block design. Main plots were fertilizer inputs; Mavuno, FYM or their combination. Subplots comprised of the legume intercrops mentioned above. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination resulted in significantly higher legume, sesame crop yields above the control in the second season. Legume crops due to their N-fixation, litter fall and mineralization made availability of P and N. possible. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination gave comparable results with respect to the intercrop yields. Since FYM and (Mavuno+FYM) is cheaper than Mavuno, growing either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame intercropping system with sorghum with application of the above is recommended for improved legume grain yields and soil fertility improvement.
Page(s): 01-08 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6701Page(s): 09-16 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6702This study focused on the experience of single motherhood in interpersonal growth among single mothers of Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi, Kenya. The resilience theory informed the study by Norman Garmezy and the self-determination theory of psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. The study objective was to establish the attitude of the general population toward single motherhood by single mothers at Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi. The researcher adopted a phenomenological design to capture the meaning the single mothers at Umoja give to the phenomena of single motherhood and interpersonal growth. The study used a homogenous population of Christian women at Umoja Embakasi West Sub-County Nairobi with a target population of single mothers. A snowball sampling method was adopted to get a sample size of 27 single mothers currently bringing up a biological or adopted child/ren. The researcher adopted a semi-structured interview guide for data collection through face-to-face interviews for 19 single mothers and a focused group discussion guide for eight single mothers. The collected data were transcribed, coded for themes and analysed thematically through content analysis based on the research objectives. The results revealed that single mothers are misunderstood, stigmatized, and rejected by the general population in Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi, Kenya.
Page(s): 17-25 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
Page(s): 26-33 Date of Publication: 23 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6703The purpose of this study was to determine the Competitive Advantage of 212 Mart to Increase the Company’s Reputation. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection has used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis which is processed with Smart PLS 3.0 for quantitative analysis, while for qualitative analysis using IE, CPM, TOWS, and QSPM. The results of quantitative research prove that Brand Image, Service Quality, and Innovation each have an effect on Competitive Advantage and on the company’s reputation. As for the results of the strategy analysis research through the input stage strategy with CPM, the matching stage with TOWS and the decision stage with QSPM, the strategy used from the QSPM results is market penetration. The implication of this study for 212 Mart has to pay attention to brand image, service quality, and innovation to improve its corporate reputation.
Page(s): 34-44 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
The study investigated the extent to which principals monitor students’ progress and also established the effect of principals’ monitoring of students’ progress on teachers’ pedagogical practices in public secondary schools in Bauchi state. Descriptive survey and causal research designs were employed for the study. The target population consisted all the principals and teachers in public secondary schools of Bauchi state. The samples comprised 29 principals and 384 teachers were drawn using random sampling technique. The study has one research question and a hypothesis. Questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the instruments stood at 0.87. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple linear regression was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 significance levels. The study revealed that principals’ monitoring of students’ progress has significant effects on pedagogical practices of teachers (R2=.099, p<.05). It was also established that majority of principals did not review students’ class work and assessment records in determining students’ progress. The study concluded that effective monitoring of students’ progress by principals will significantly enhance teachers’ pedagogical practices in public secondary schools. It was recommended that State Ministries of Education should be organizing training workshop for principals to improve their skills of monitoring the academic progress of students. It was also suggested that principals should intensify supervision of class work and assessment records
Page(s): 45-51 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6704Page(s): 52-60 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6705The ravages caused by blood pressure on humanity are alarming, especially in Ghana, where voluntary medical check-ups are not a priority for many. This study was a cross-sectional survey with the goal of determining the relationship between commercial drivers’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) at the Madina lorry station. Using the purposive sampling technique, 150 male commercial drivers from the Madina main lorry station were chosen for the study. It emerged from the study that there is positive correlation between BMIs and BP measurements among commercial drivers at Madina lorry station and a statistically significant relationship between age and blood pressure of respondents. The study therefore, recommend that GPRTU could organize weekly programs to engage drivers in some physical activities.
Page(s): 61-68 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6706Page(s): 69-76 Date of Publication: 25 July 2022
Indeed, information professionals have confirmed that social media has emerged as one of the main tools of engagement among people of different age groups from different locations. However the engagement has not only affected the personal relationship rather it went further in changing even the businesses way of communicating to customers, whereas most businesses nowadays use social to communicate with their customers. The study aimed at assessing the use of social media in promotion of cosmetology services in Tanzania, particularly in Kinondoni municipal. Specific objectives were first, to examine the extent to which social media are used to promote cosmetology services, second, to determine the benefits of social media use in cosmetology services and third to identify the challenges of using social media in cosmetology services. To beef up the study, literature review has been structured itself based on social media, and cosmetology services as well as previous studies relating to use of social media in promotion of cosmetology services. The study used a descriptive survey design, data was collected through a structured questionnaire to customers of cosmetology services and 133 respondents submitted their questionnaire. Also, an interview was conducted to 12 service providers. The findings show that, social media have brought many positive impacts on cosmetology businesses whereas with the use of social media businesses can easily market their services and reach out to a lot of potential customers. With the use of social media cosmetology service providers may incur less cost in marketing while covering a wide range of customers. The use of social media in cosmetology business have greatly reduced the operational costs due to the fact that service providers can now communicate with their customers all over the world without incurring the costs of traveling. The use of social media has enabled the service providers to easily reach out to their customers without the need of physically meeting with them. Due to the fact that social media enhanced cosmetology businesses to reach a wide variety of customers the sales have drastically increased. The service providers who are actively engaging on social media to communicate with customer automatically has increased their visibility and in turn improved their sales
Page(s): 77-83 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
Page(s): 84-93 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
The study investigated teacher perception towards inclusive education in Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District in Upper West Region, Ghana. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. A sample of 150 teachers in the Early Childhood Education centres were selected using census and homogeneous sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data while qualitative data were analysed in themes. The study found that: most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District had a positive perception of inclusive education. It was also evident that most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District believe that factors such as lack of teacher training; insufficient resources; limited administrative support; teachers’ attitudes; large class sizes and poor building infrastructure influence their perception of inclusive education. The study concluded that teachers in early childhood centres within the Sissala East District have a positive view of inclusive education. However, variables such as a lack of teacher training, insufficient resources, limited administrative support, teachers’ attitudes, large class numbers, and inadequate building infrastructure impact their perspective of inclusive education. Based on the key findings, the study recommended that teachers in early childhood centres in Sissala East District should be motivated by early childhood coordinators and headteachers to have positive perceptions of inclusive education. Again, the ministry of education should offer enough and consistent teacher support services, such as teaching assistants, and continuous professional development programmes to improve the efficacy of inclusion and minimise teacher stress.
Page(s): 94-101 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6707Page(s): 102-109 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6708The study investigated the effect of external economic shocks on monetary policy tools in Nigeria for a period of 1990 to 2020. External economic shocks were measured though their passthrough variables of exchange rate (EXR), foreign direct investment (FDI), external debt (ED), and trade openness (TO); while monetary policy tools were considered in terms of broad money supply (M2), monetary policy rate (MPR) and cash reserve ratio (CRR). The Zivot and Andrews test and the Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration tests were employed to to check for stationarity (with structural breaks) and cointegration among the variables. We then applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test to determine the effect of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results of the structural indicated that there are structural breaks accounting for the existence of shocks, while the cointegration test showed that the variables are cointegrated. The ARDL test disclosed that external economic shocks (through EXR, FDI, ED, and TO) have significant effect on monetary policy variables. This study therefore recommends that the monetary authorities should safeguard the monetary operations in Nigeria from external economic mishaps that have spillover to the country by making allowance for the external economic shocks in setting these tools and putting in place mechanisms that can make these tools resilient and resistant to the shocks
Page(s): 110-119 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6709Page(s): 120-125 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
Healthy life patterns are essential for human beings. Some Indonesians maintain a healthy life pattern by consuming Indonesian traditional herbs called jamu. The research aims to investigate and explore the attitudes of Indonesian traditional herbal consumers. It is qualitative research with an interpretive paradigm using the phenomenological research design. The informants were chosen purposively with the main criteria: Javanese consumers who regularly consume jamu. The data collection uses in-depth interviews. Then, the collected data is analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis model. The data was validated communicatively, argumentatively, and ecologically. Results of the research stated that the behavior of consuming jamu has been constructed from the habit inherited from generation to generation, from the culture tightly attached to consumers’ self-concept, and from the product characteristics consisting of the product design, product composition, and safety in consuming such product. The values attached to a culture are essential in forming the consumer attitude. Social norms have a significant influence on the formation of behavior. Parents and colleagues become the individuals introducing jamu through the provision of information, knowledge, and advice. The parents’ knowledge of the efficacy of Indonesian traditional herbs plays an essential role in understanding the next generation of Indonesian traditional herbs.
Page(s): 126-132 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
Page(s): 133-141 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6710Traffic congestion has been a hard bone to chew in our major cities in Nigeria today. Port Harcourt metropolis has its own share of traffic congestion. This study investigated traffic congestion and demand management measures in Port Harcourt metropolis. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. 400 structured questionnaires were distributed among all road users comprising driver (private and commercial) passengers, pedestrians, traffic officers in the six traffic zones in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A traffic count at peak periods of the day was employed to obtain estimated population figures for all road users in the selected route for the study. The sample size of 400 was distributed in four selected route traffic zone 1, 4. 5 and 6, while 66 were distributed among the remaining delineated route traffic 2 and 3. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the study. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. The result from the study showed that 36.8% of the respondents made very early trips between 6-7am. Also, 53.7% of the respondents usually engage in private trips, while the remaining 46.3% uses public vehicles. The major causes of traffic congestion were non-functional traffic light (35.5%), vehicle accidents – especially trailer accidents that impedes traffic flow (15%), overcrowding- use of too many cars on the road (14.7%), road capacity (11.3%), bad roads (1.3%), drivers’ attitude (3.2%) and lack of alternative route (18.9%). Major challenges of transport management in Port Harcourt were poor town planning (58.7%), inefficient enforcement of planning policies (70.8%), inefficient transport management system (62.9%), lack of maintenance of traffic light (69.5%), poor training of drivers (52.6%) and poorly built roads (46.6%). It is therefore recommended that measures to avert or ameliorate the constraints are provision of adequate feeder routes, improved traffic light system, training of prospective drivers, extension of roads and putting in place adequate transport management measures.
Page(s): 142-151 Date of Publication: 28 July 2022
Page(s): 152-163 Date of Publication: 27 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6711There has been a serious apprehension about Nigerian youths leaving the country in search of the proverbial greener pastures. Similarly, a fundamental shift in migration patterns occurred when the routes through Libya, long used by economic migrants making their way to Europe, became formalized as highway for modern slave trade. This paper adopts a qualitative research design with reliance on secondary sources of data and argues that Nigerians have been trafficked into slavery either in the transit country as Libya or the country of destination mostly in Europe. It observed that there seem to be a failure of expectations from Nigerians who on arrival in these countries realize that the pasture is no longer green as they are sold out as slaves, used for sex labor or thrown into torture chambers on accusation of irregular migration. The paper discovers that there are syndicates and cartels responsible for this illicit trade while a lot of money is made through the conduits used to lure these youths into the illegal business. It equally uncovers that a mere securitization of migration through fences and push-backs will not stop the flow of Nigerians as the Libyan economy seems to benefit from the money made from irregular migrants. The paper concludes that there is need for proper collaboration and intensification of action by the Nigerian and Libyan governments to arrest this ugly trend.
Page(s): 164-173 Date of Publication: 29 July 2022
Page(s): 174-176 Date of Publication: 29 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6712This study is conducted to investigate the impacts of social media on social and academic performance of graduate and undergraduate students in public universities. Because of widespread adoption of social media among university students, there is a growing interest on how social media is affected their social and academic performance. The impact of social networking sites on academic performance may extend to the major concern related health, economic and other crises. Therefore the study was undertaken among 180 respondents selected by simple random sampling from different universities. The study found that respondents faces some problems using SM such as-spending money(68.9%),eye problem(57.2%),but they got some facilities also from it-knowing exam schedule (95.5%)),collecting academic document (84.4%),attending virtual classes(83.9%). Exploratory factor analysis about the impact of social media on academic life and The KMO measure of the indicators has been found as .708 and significance level of 0.000, Initial Eigenvalues are 69.281% and Cronbach’s alpha was equal to .789, p<.0001.
Page(s): 177-188 Date of Publication: 30 July 2022
Page(s): 189-197 Date of Publication: 30 July 2022
The development of the image of the destination continues to grow so that research is needed that can determine future research gaps. This rapid development inspired us to conduct a recent literature review on destination image. In this study we update the literature review introduced in previous studies (Li et al., 2015) and define research gaps to be conducted. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher details the image research of selected destinations from 2012-2019 which was carried out to review the latest findings. The result is a brief summary of the destination image research based on the attributes used, analysis, number of samples and type of sample.
Page(s): 198-202 Date of Publication: 30 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6713Page(s): 203-209 Date of Publication: 30 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6714The significance of local actors in regional integration was reaffirmed in November 2018 upon the adoption of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Smart Cities Network (ASCN) Framework. The ASCN is envisaged as a collaborative platform where member cities can discuss and resolve the challenges brought about by rapid urbanization. It can thus be said that it fundamentally espouses the role of city diplomacy as an important means and end in the successful realization of sustainable urbanization. In the Philippines’ case, the involvement of Manila, Cebu, and Davao as pilot cities is mainly catalyzed by two factors, namely, the need to address the interests of their communities and as an expression of solidarity with other ASEAN cities. Further, the participation of these local government units (LGUs) in diplomatic activities at the regional level primarily focus on economic, cultural, cooperative, and representative dimensions. To effectively address enforcement-related challenges, LGUs may undertake capacity-building activities, advance a whole-of-society approach, tap new financing schemes, ensure project continuity, and expand the ASCN to include other cities.
Page(s): 210-215 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6715Page(s): 216-225 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6716The article focuses on the reception of micropolitics by the neoliberal nation states. It argues that the neoliberal states in recent times have combined strategies and tactics to maintain their grip on their citizens. It is a theoretical intervention in the sense that while Scott (2008) and Certeau (2011) identify micropolitics in the everyday life of the poor and the weak, the present chapter argues that even the neoliberal states apply micropolitics and tactics. In fact, only within this combination, within dialectical relations between strategies and tactics, any tactic is worth pursuing—an issue this paper foregrounds. Drawing upon Mbembe’s ideas, this chapter focuses on the contexts of necrocapitalism within which the neoliberal states deploy tactics. This chapter also identifies differentiation—how the neoliberal state keeps its citizens divided and separated
Page(s): 226-232 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
Page(s): 233-237 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6717Purchasing has been adopted by many countries as a mechanism to achieve greater efficiency and improved responsiveness of services to patient demands. This study examined the effects of strategic health purchasing on health system performance in Nigeria. The data for the study was collected using a purposive sampling survey in the Akure metropolis. The results indicated a positive relationship between health system performance and purchasing strategy, payment mechanism and service utilisers with the regression coefficients of 0.30, 0.16 and 0.33. This implied that purchasing strategy, payment mechanism and service utilisers are likely to improve health system performance. The results also revealed a positive relationship between each of the health system performance measurement dimensions (life expectancy, the performance of different areas of health services, distribution of access to health facilities, fairness of health financing, prompt attention to medical needs and purchasing strategy, providers payment mechanism and service utilisers. It was concluded that health system performance can be improved by the implementation of strategic health purchasing. Therefore, paying for health care services should be made strategic and rules relating to auditing and accountability should be made more effective
Page(s): 238-245 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6718Page(s): 246-252 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
The study evaluated the imposition and effects of sanctions on Zimbabwe. The study is guided by exchange theory. This was a desk research which used the internet and secondary sources. The study revealed that the imposition of sanctions is regarded differently by those who imposed them and by those on whom the sanctions were imposed. Each side explains the imposition of sanctions on the basis of their own interests. For the Zimbabwean government and the ruling party sanctions were imposed as a result of the land reform carried out by the government to solve the uneven distribution of land in the country. On the other hand, the western countries who imposed sanctions explain the sanctions as being caused by the Zimbabwean government’s failure to respect human rights and lack of rule of law. The study also reveals that there is divergent interpretation of whether the sanctions were legal or illegal. The Zimbabwean government believe that the sanctions were illegal as they did not have the blessing of the United Nations but those who imposed the sanctions believe they were legal as they passed through their parliamentary institutions. Sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe had a negative impact on the economy to a certain extent as they are other factors for the economic instability in the country. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government should try to improve the political environment in the country to influence those who imposed sanctions to remove them
Page(s): 253-259 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
Page(s): 260-266 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6719This paper is developed on the philosophy that disabilities, be they congenital or adventitious, should not necessarily be handicaps if timely medical, educational and technological interventions have been put in place, (Barraga 1986). This augment remains true and valid whether the child is in a monolingual or multilingual context. The theme before us puts emphasis on child’s developmental disorders in a ‘multilingual context’ implying the sort of consequences or effects that would follow such a child with a defective speech and language disorders. Such effects encompass isolation, labeling, child abuse, segregation, stigma, nicknaming to name but a few. To worsen the matter, such dehumanizing practices take place at home, school, church/mosque, village and community affecting a child of 2 years to 8 years. Undoubtedly, the above social barriers apply to all categories of children. In this paper, however, special attention will be given to pre-primary and primary school going children (2 years to 8 years) with speech and language disorders, (Nzoka 2021). Speech and language are here taken to be one and complementary. In fact, there would be no language without speech. Defective speech organs often lead to language disorders, (Hallahan and Kauffman, 1991). Children with hearing impairment, autism spectrum, children with emotional and behavioral disorders, children with physical impairment and children with multiple disorders are examples. It is these disorders that lead to disabilities unless timely intervened
Page(s): 267-269 Date of Publication: 02 August 2022
Page(s): 270-274 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
This study assessed awareness about climate change among subsistent farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja. The descriptive survey design was employed. From a population of subsistent farmers across the Area Council, a sample size of 180 was selected from six communities using the simple random sampling technique. Climate Change Awareness Assessment Scale (CCAAS), a questionnaire design on a 4-point Likert scale format was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics including frequency counts, percentage, and mean (x) were used for data analysis. Results of the study revealed that lack of awareness about climate change among subsistent farmers in Gwagwalda Area Council has impact on their adaptation mechanisms to climate change. It was recommended among others that environmental education either in formal or informal setting be employed in effective creation of awareness about climate change to subsistent farmers to boost agricultural production in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja
Page(s): 275-282 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
Page(s): 283-287 Date of Publication: 03 August 2022
I. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEMS
This short article intends to explain the major problems faced by Indonesia since been colonized by a foreign nation (in this case mainly the Netherlands) for three and a half centuries with all its consequences, namely the existence of foreign law until now in Indonesia, including the influence of European culture in the life of people who are predominantly muslim with the traditions and culture of course different from the tradition and culture of the colonial. Circumstances should be terminated immediately it can certainly be felt by everyone that upholds and respects the religious laws adopted by the muslim majority of Indonesia’s population. After 70 years of Indonesian independent, largely of colonial law is still exist in the entire territory of Indonesia. Indonesian people seemed no longer care about these issues, or at least only a small part of Indonesian society are seriously thinking about it. And for a great nation like Indonesia should the laws of society are in accordance with the community’s culture, and culture is a culture that is supposed to be created/built on the majority religion in this country embraced the religion of Islam. So, it can be said that the law should be the law of Indonesia are built on the teachings and culture of Islam, but the reality showed that the laws of the Dutch Law such as ‘Wetboek van Straftrecht’, ‘Burgerlijk Wetboek’ and ‘Wetboek van Koophandel’ are still apply todayPage(s): 288-295 Date of Publication: 03 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6720Page(s): 296-308 Date of Publication: 03 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6721The Niger Delta area of Nigeria has the largest reserves of oil and gas in West Africa yet is the most polluted in the world. Sequel to oil exploration and development, the land, water and air environment used to be green. However, the increasing petroleum pollution of the Niger Delta environment since oil exploitation began in Oloibiri in 1956 has resulted into alarming rise in poverty levels birthing violent conflicts and fatalities among the major stakeholders including oil companies, government and the people of Niger Delta. The ongoing conflict in the Niger Delta started in the early 1990s with Warri becoming the epicenter of regional violence. Recent efforts towards ending conflict and insecurity such as declaration of amnesty and 13% derivation principle has not yielded much success. The objective of this study is to investigate the root cause of oil related conflicts and examine different traditional approaches such as elder’s intervention, inter-marriage, oath-taking in view of adopting the best method in proffering lasting solutions to the lingering crisis in Warri. The study area is Warri Township in Delta State, Nigeria. It is located on latitudes 50 27′ N and 50 36′ N and longitudes 50 40’E and 50 48′ E. It is one of the largest and oldest towns in Delta State and located on the banks of the lower Niger Delta. The study employed the tool of survey questionnaire to acquire data relating to conflict and conflict resolution methods in Warri Township. Two hundred (200) copies of questionnaire were administered to the residents of Warri community using random sampling technique in 5 selected communities among the Ijaw, Urhobo and Itsekiri tribes of Warri where conflict is preponderant which gives room for equal chance of any resident to be chosen in the study area. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the frequencies of the variables in terms of their percentage. Results of the analysis show that the management of conflict in this town must embrace the use of negotiation, mediation, public participation as well as the traditional methods of peaceful coexistence such as, intervention of elders, oath-taking and inter-tribal marriage. It is recommended that Stakeholders must ensure that conflicting parties understand each other’s culture, weaken stereotype they have of each other, ultimately to enhance effective intercultural communication.
Page(s): 309-314 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
Page(s): 315-321 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of single parenting on the education of junior high school students of Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The stratified random sampling technique was used to sample one hundred and eighty students from three junior high schools for the study. A close-ended questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondents sampled for the study. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the causes of single parenting at Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality include death of parent, and separation. Also, the study concluded that the challenges students from single parenting families encounter include students do not easily socialize in the classroom and they exhibit signs of low self-esteem. In addition, the study concluded that the effect of single parenting on the education of junior high school students include students were frequently absent from school and hence, they scored low marks in class exercises. The study recommends that stakeholders of education including teachers, parents, and opinion leaders at Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality need to put in place appropriate mechanisms to reduce separation, desertion, and unplanned pregnancy which are rampant in the Effiduase Community. Also, teachers and parents should solicit the assistance of philanthropists in the Effiduase Community to come to the aid of brilliant but needy students from single parent families.
Page(s): 322-328 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
Page(s): 329-334 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6722This study ascertained the effect of quality environmental information disclosure on firm’s performance of listed Brewers in Nigeria. The main motivation was on the need to show the effect of environmental disclosure in aggregated variable on performance of Brewery firms in Nigeria. The main objective was to ascertain the effect of quality environmental information disclosure on firm’s performance of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. Secondary data were carefully sourced from the annual reports of the Brewery firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Content and Disclosure Index were used to analyze environmental information disclosure. The data span from 2008 to 2019. Panel least square regression test by aid of E-views 10.0 software was used to test the effect of Environmental disclosure index on return on asset, return on equity and on net profit margin. The results showed that Environmental information disclosures significantly affect return on asset of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. The findings further revealed that Environmental information disclosures do not significantly affect return on equity of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. Finally, the result established also that Environmental information disclosures significantly affect net profit margin of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. Consequent upon the findings, the study recommends need for Mandatory disclosure practices by Brewery firms, enforced by government to enable them take responsibility on disclosure of environmental performance data in annual report.
Page(s): 335-341 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
Page(s): 342-349 Date of Publication: 04 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6723The Philippine government has long been advocating for the development and advancement of the Business and Entrepreneurship disciplines in higher education. Its inclusion in the priority programs for scholarship grants is a testimony of the government acknowledgement of the entrepreneurs as among the driving forces that steer the country’s economy. The research study intended to ascertain the business involvement of individuals who completed their degree in BS Entrepreneurship from St. Paul University Manila (SPU Manila), for years 2015 to 2020, particularly amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, its main consideration was to discover entrepreneurial competencies appropriate to the new environment. It also determined the entrepreneurial challenges and opportunities brought about by the dramatic changes in the said landscape. The study employed mixed design in analyzing the data while utilizing the descriptive method to illustrate not only the encounters of the selected participants, but also the skills and competencies required to take on the changes in the new business setting. With this, the study revealed that enhancements in the BS Entrepreneurship Program curriculum is needed to equip its graduates with more know-how and proficiency to minimize the challenges they are facing. Such enhancements should also aid them in understanding and navigating industry trends, employment opportunities, and collaboration with industries
Page(s): 350-361 Date of Publication: 05 August 2022
The study investigated the efficacy of differentiated dased instruction (DBI) on students’ achievement in quadratic equation in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The design of the study was quasi-experimental; specifically non-equivalent control group design. The population of the study comprised four thousand eight hundred and twenty (4,820) SSS 2 students found in the forty-eight (48) public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education zone of Enugu state. The sample of the study consists of 162 students from four (4) intact classes from four schools. The sample of four (4) schools were drawn using proportionate Stratified random sampling techniques in which two (2) schools were assigned to experimental group and the other two (2) schools were assigned to control group. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was the instrument used for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts and the reliability index obtained was 0.89 using Kuder Richardson 20 formula. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS and mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that differentiated based instruction improved students’ achievement in quadratic equation than conventional based instruction of teaching quadratic equation. Also, gender has no significant influence on the achievement of students in quadratic equation. Based on the findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should use the differentiated based instruction while teaching the subject. Moreover, ministry of education should organize workshops, seminars, conferences etc and make the attendance to it compulsory to the mathematics teachers on the use of differentiated based instruction in their classroom instruction
Page(s): 362-367 Date of Publication: 06 August 2022
Page(s): 368-375 Date of Publication: 06 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6724Mahakam Kaskade Lake (Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake) is the largest flood exposure lake in East Kalimantan. The villages in Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake are settlements that are regularly flooded every year, while for generations the people in the research area have used lake water as a source of bathing, washing and latrine (MCK) water. Sources of lake water pollution are domestic waste in the form of organic and inorganic materials from residential areas in water catchment areas and lake borders. The existence of other activities in the form of agriculture, animal husbandry, home industry and tourism will add to the waste of organic and inorganic materials that enter the lake waters, therefore it is necessary to investigate the potential for lake water pollution. This study aims to determine how big the potential for water pollution of Mahakam Kaskade Lake from garbage and household waste. The research was conducted using a survey method, namely conducting interviews and direct observations in the field. The data collected in the form of primary data and secondary data that are relevant to the research objectives. Based on the survey results, it can be seen that Jempang Lake has the potential to be polluted by household organic waste 1.4 – 2.7 tons/day, Melintang Lake has the potential to be contaminated with household organic waste 0.9 – 1.4 tons/day, while Semayang Lake has the potential to be polluted. household organic waste is around 1.7 – 2.7 tons/day, while Jempang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) about 1.2 tons/day, Melintang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) about 0, 7 Tons/Day and Semayang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) of around 1.2 Tons/Day. Therefore, the relevant agencies must immediately try to overcome this pollution problem so that the Mahakan Cascade Lake is not further damaged
Page(s): 376-382 Date of Publication: 06 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6725Page(s): 383-390 Date of Publication: 06 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6726The continuous increase of energy consumption has generally improved the standard of living but it has also caused serious environmental problems. There is therefore the need for sustainable energy sources. Sustainable energy involves increasing production of renewable energy, making safe energy universally available, and energy conservation. Sustainable energy is of great importance in Nigeria considering the broad and growing nature of energy use. Burning of fossil fuels to generate energy has resulted to many negative environmental problems on the climate, natural environment and the society at large. There is the need o change to other renewable and environmental free sources of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source used to reduce our overdependence on fossil fuels and to help reduce air pollution. Secondary school chemistry students need to be taught about this biomass and biomass energy at the early stage of their educational pursuit even as they are the future scientists. When the students are best informed about these concepts at the early stage of their education and they develop interest in learning them, they will be in a better position to enhance their utilization as good sources of renewable energy in future as they are the hope of the nation as future scientists The paper therefore examined the concept of biomass and biomass energy, conversion of biomass to energy, advantages of biomass energy over fossil fuels and the implication of teaching biomass and biomass energy to secondary school chemistry students.
Page(s): 391-395 Date of Publication: 06 August 2022
Education enhances edification of human knowledge and societal development. Good academic performance becomes very crucial for university students to attain knowledge that can be used for oneself and for the good of the human society. This research investigated the correlation between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya. It addressed the following questions: What are the levels of self-esteem among poorly performing students of African Nazarene University, Kenya? What are the levels of depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya? Is there correlation between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya? The participants of the study were 335 undergraduate male and female students. The study employed Systematic Random sampling, using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and BDI-II for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS and presented in summary tables. Pearson’s (r) coefficient was used to examine the relationship between self-esteem and depression. Findings show that 49.5% of the participants were average in their self-esteem, 43.2% came under high self-esteem, and 7.8% were in low self-esteem. Gender revealed that females had high self-esteem, and the males had average self-esteem. On depression, 52.8% were in mild mood disturbance (no depression), 10.5% had borderline clinical depression, 15.6% had moderate depression, 8.1% had severe depression, and 13.5% showed extreme depression. Gender revealed females had borderline clinical depression, the males had mild mood disturbance (no depression). The study established that there was a significant positive relationship (r = .420**; p = .000, at 0.01 level of significance) between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya
Page(s): 396-400 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
Page(s): 401-409 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6727Leadership is a pertinent organizational consideration which provides direction, strategies and motivation of employee towards the attainment of the desired organizational objectives. The purpose of the study was to assess the assessment of Recruitment Methods and Employees’ Performance in local Governments, Karamoja district Sub Region, Uganda. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed at both uni-variate and bi-variate levels using frequency counts means, standard and PLCC which were supplemented by narrative analysis of qualitative data. The objective was to examine the recruitment methods and the leadership styles used in local governments in Karamoja Sub Region. Anchored on Fieldler’s leadership theory and Barney’s Resource Based View, the study hypothesized that H01: there is no significant relationship between recruitment methods and employee performance in local governments in Karamoja sub-region. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The regression results show (R2 = 0.2695) indicating that a unit change in recruitment attracts 27% change in performance. This means that the variance in work performance of employees in local governments can be predicted from recruitment. This study indicated that recruitment significantly predicts the level of performance of employees in local governments. The null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between recruitment and employee performance in local governments in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda was thus rejected. The study recommended that the Ministry of local government, in collaboration with the Local public service commission should continuously update and widen the guidelines for recruitment and to enable attracting of a large pool from which the best can be selected; and for ministry to monitor the DSC to ensure effectiveness of recruitment where there are no external influences.
Page(s): 410-427 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
Page(s): 428-437 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
The prevalence and growth of delinquency among selected secondary schools in Ngando, Nairobi County, is causing growing concern. The goal of this study was to look into the role of counseling on delinquency among students in selected secondary schools in Nairobi County, Ngando. The study was guided by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory of Motivation and used an embedded mixed methods design. The study’s objectives were to assess the prevalence of delinquency and to investigate the types of counseling used among students in Ngando’s selected secondary schools. The target population consisted of 400 students and teachers, and the sample consisted of 200 respondents chosen using random and purposive sampling methods. However, only 189 participants were able to take part in the study which includes 185 students and 4 teachers. To collect data, the researcher used both questionnaires and interview guides. The collected data was analyzed in light of the research objectives. The researcher used frequency tables, standard deviations, and Pearson correlations to analyze quantitative data. Using the research objective themes, the qualitative data was presented in narrative form. According to the study, the most common types of delinquent behavior among students were violence, drug abuse, substance use, stealing, truancy, and unhealthy indecent relationships, while the most common types of counselling used were individual counselling, group counselling, and career counselling, with family counselling being rarely used. The study also found a link between different types of counseling and a reduction in delinquent behavior among students. The study recommended the use of trained psychotherapists in secondary schools to reduce and treat delinquent behaviors.
Page(s): 438-444 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
This study was purposed to find out the level of administration of Occupational Health and Safety which affects the construction worker in road construction projects. This was achieved by examining the determinants of occupational health and safety implementation in the construction sector of the Kenyan economy. The study will benefit all the stakeholders in the construction industry and make them appreciate more about employee welfare. It is meant to be good material for consumption by anybody else interested in the goings-on in the construction industry in Kenya. The survey was limited to an ongoing road construction project i.e. Construction of Upper Hill – Mbagathi Link Road. A questionnaire was adopted and used to gather data in the research and was delivered to respondents by hand. The respondents were selected by use of random and stratified sampling methods for accountability of the information gathered. The response rate was 83% with 72% of the respondents agreeing that raised levels of awareness of occupational health and safety impact on the implementation of OHS issues in road construction projects. Seventy five percent of the respondents agreed that project financial resources greatly impact the implementation of OHS issues in construction projects. The study recommended the need to increase factoring financial resource allocations for OHS in construction projects to enable road contractors to carry out awareness sensitization workshops, ensure regular supply of PPEs and insurance to construction workers.
Page(s): 445-452 Date of Publication: 09 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6728Page(s): 453-457 Date of Publication: 09 August 2022
The university is designed to prepare young people for the challenges of the workplace and enhance the achievement of their 4/c goals. The developmental trajectories and experiences associated with being in the university have important implications for psychosocial development in later stages of life. This study investigated the contributions of social inclusion and resilience in university students’ lift satisfaction in the Niger Delta region. Participants were 131 students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port-Harcourt, Rivers state. Data collection was by means of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Hierarchical multiple regression. Age of participants was included in the regression model as a covariate. Results showed that even as the effect of age was controlled for, social inclusion positively predicted satisfaction with We, with a contribution of 11% in explaining the variance in life satisfaction. Higher satisfaction with 4/c was also predicted by resilience which explained 28% of the variance in life satisfaction. Resilience was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction, compared to social inclusion. The implication of the finding is that opportunities and resources should be provided for young people to participate fully in economic, social and cultural life of the society, but essentially, resilience building programmes should be implemented in order to ensure that youths enjoy a good standard of well-being and also have optimal quality of life in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria
Page(s): 458-464 Date of Publication: 09 August 2022
Page(s): 465-478 Date of Publication: 09 August 2022
Legal development is a necessity for the Indonesian people. Having its product law becomes the identity of a free nation. The original Indonesian law will later become a national law that is free from colonial legal products. This study aims to describe the terminology of legal development and reform and the urgency of developing a national criminal law in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that legal development is synonymous with legal reform. Legal development is an inseparable part of national development. Integrating and synergizing with other fields such as politics, economy, society, environment, and security in legal development is necessary. Legal development must be sustainable and well planned. Legal development can also mean legal reform which includes updating existing or outdated legal provisions and creating new laws needed to meet the demands of developments that occur in society. The implementation of legal development is not only limited to statutory regulations but also leads to a legal system such as the development of legal materials, institutional development and law enforcement, development of legal services, and development of public legal awareness. These elements influence each other, and the law must be built simultaneously, synchronously, and integrated. The development of criminal law for the Indonesian nation is very urgent because as an independent nation it does not yet have its criminal law system. The current criminal law system is the Dutch colonial legacy legal system
Page(s): 479-483 Date of Publication: 09 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6729With increase in urban mobility and motorization of movement in Akure, traffic congestion has become a major issue in the development planning of the metropolis. The knowledge of the stream speed of traffic corridors of the metropolis as well as the rate of capacity utilization of the road network as well as the externality cost of the various traffic stream becomes a vital asset for road and urban transportation planning. These issues were what this study tackled. To this end, traffic surveys were done along selected traffic corridors to determine the stream speed by multiplying the vehicular concentration (vehicles per unit distance of roadway) with speed (distance per unit time), then the rate of capacity utilization was gotten using the determined capacity stream speed (traffic flow) as a ratio of the installed stream speed. The study showed that traffic speed varies from time to time and for different days too. These variations were noticed to be tangible for direction of traffic at any point time. For those, travelling towards the central business district during the mornings traffic streams are higher and at reduced speed. The study showed that certain roads require capacity expansion as capacities were over utilized. These expansions, if must be done, must be weighed carefully using social cost benefit analysis to ascertain true cost and benefits (socially and economically) to the society.
Page(s): 484-496 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
Page(s): 497-501 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
This study aimed at investigating the acquisition, transfer and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge by traditional healers in Chibombo District. The objectives of the study were to explore how traditional healers acquired Indigenous Medical Knowledge, identify the methods used during IMK transfer, identify the methods which were used by traditional healers to preserve IMK and to investigate the challenges which were associated with acquisition, transfer and preservation of medical knowledge. Using qualitative research method and snowball sampling, primary data were collected from 29 traditional healers and 5 key informants through face-to-face interviews. Findings revealed that traditional healers acquired knowledge of healing through training and ancestral calling. The study also established that the majority of trained healers were females as they were much more willing to be trained than males. Findings on IK transfer revealed that majority of traditional healers transferred IK on healing through demonstration and observation. Findings on knowledge preservation showed that majority of traditional healers were training their family and other interested individuals. Results on challenges during acquisition, transfer and preservation of IK revealed that would-be healers experienced sickness, difficulties in mastering what was demonstrated and observed, segregation from their known communities and panicking when patients showed no signs of recovering after administering the herbs to them. The need for community leaders in Chibombo district to consider educating the local youths during ceremonial gatherings on the need to acquire and preserve indigenous practices was recommended. This was seen as a way through which unwillingness to learn and share would be reduced. Secondly, it was recommended that collaborative efforts between community leaders and traditional healers to document most of the indigenous medicine and the ailments they healed be strengthened. This was seen as a way through which difficulties in mastering and panicking among the would-be healers reduce.
Page(s): 502-509 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
Page(s): 510-516 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6730This study analyzes expressive speech acts in the short film Tilik by Wahyu Agung Prasetyo. The purpose of this study is to describe the types and functions of expressive speech contained in the short film Tilik. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis method. The data were obtained by watching, recording, classifying, analyzing and concluding the results. The data analysis, the researcher classified the data based on the type and function of the speech act by applying the expressive speech act theory proposed by John Rogers Searle and the supporting theory “SPEAKING” proposed by Dell Hymes to analyze the data. The results of this research is found six types of speech acts, namely expressive speech acts of blaming, insinuating, complaining, praising, apologizing, and thanking. The conclusion of this research is that expressive speech acts are part of illocutionary speech acts which different functions according to the speech have spoken by the speaker.
Page(s): 517-527 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6732Page(s): 528-533 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6733This study investigated the effects of Functional-Notional Approach (FNA) on male and female students’ achievement in English grammar in Enugu Education Zone. The researchers adopted a quasi-experimental research design. This study was carried out in secondary schools in Enugu Education Zone. The population of the study was four thousand and ninety (4,090) senior secondary school II (SS II) students in the 31 public secondary schools in Enugu Education Zone of Enugu State 2019/2020 academic session. The sample for the study comprised one hundred and thirty three (133) SS11 students in four intact classes which were drawn from four co-educational secondary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the size of the study. The instrument used was English Grammar Achievement Test (EGAT), it is a 50-item dichotomously scored instrument and it was validated. To determine the reliability of the instrument, a trial test was conducted with 30 SS11 students outside the area of the study, using Kuder-Richardson’s Formula (K – R 20), for EGAT a reliability coefficient of 0.78 was got showing that the instrument was reliable. The research questions were answered using mean scores and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that FNA had significant effect on male and female students’ achievement in English grammar. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the study provided empirical evidence of the efficacy of FNA in enhancing students’ achievement in English grammar. By implication, if teachers of English language adopt FNA and practice it in their various schools, students’ achievement in English grammar may improve. It was, therefore, recommended among others that English language teachers should adopt Functional-Notional Approach (FNA) as an alternative to the Conventional Teaching Method (CTM) in teaching English grammar.
Page(s): 534-538 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
This paper examines desecration at Mwela rock art site in Kasama District of Zambia. The study was aggravated by extraordinary levels of desecration at Mwela rock art site. To have an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach particularly, case study and narrative designs. Data were collected through observations, semi structured interviews and focus group discussion from a sample of sixteen (16) respondents out of which five (5) were subjects of the Bemba Royal Establishment (BRE) that included four (4) Village Headmen and 1 Village Headwoman, 3 focus group discussions representing three responses from National Heritage Conservation Commission (NHCC) members, four (4) elderly men and four (4) elderly women respectively. Purposive sampling distinctively typical case study was used to purposively select 4 BRE subjects, 3 FGDs with NHCC members and the 5 elders. The respondents were purposively selected because they were deemed reliable for the study as they possessed relevant knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon under study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that Mwela rock art site has experienced desecration due to a number of factors that include the construction of the railway line, coming of NHCC at the site, demographic changes, coming of Christianity and social economic hardships. In order to minimize desecration of cultural sites, the research recommends for the incorporation of the traditional authorities and their indigenous belief system into formal cultural heritage management as propounded in cosmopolitanism type of analytical framework in heritage preservation. This study contributes towards the enhancement of cultural heritage preservation.
Page(s): 539-548 Date of Publication: 13 August 2022
Page(s): 549-561 Date of Publication: 13 August 2022
This essay addresses the role of the International Criminal Court in Liberia’s peace and stability. This essay argues that corruption is the main cause of the Liberian Civil War and remains the present and future security risk to Liberia. It further argues that the intervention of the ICC was timely and helped to remove former President Charles Taylor from power on 11 August 2003 thereby ending the fourteen years civil conflict in the country; however, that Mr. Taylor got prosecuted and convicted for war crimes committed only in Sierra Leone rather than those in Liberia leaves the peace and stability of Liberia fragile. The essay reviews the history of corruption in Liberia, causes and effects of weak anti-corruption system, it discusses the challenges militating against the speedy and successful prosecution of corruption cases in Liberia. This research is important because the researcher argues that corruption was the cause of the Liberian Civil Crises. Hence, the Liberian Anti-Corruption Commission (LACC) was established to curb the endemic corruption in both the Liberian public and private sectors. However, this anti-graft agency has not done much to curb the menace. In view of this, the international community, including the Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS), United Nations and the ICC intervened in the Liberia Civil Crisis to help the country transition towards peace and stability. Nevertheless, corruption in Liberia persists and hampers sustainable socio-political progress and retards economic growth and development. Therefore, it constitutes the outstanding main current and future security risk to Liberia. Therefore, corruption is Liberia’s binding constraint to national development, which if not addressed could remain a wicked problem for the state and its future generations. This could hold back the country from attaining sustainable economic growth and development.
Page(s): 562-575 Date of Publication: 13 August 2022
The world continues to see large refugee flows, and the challenges comprising these population migrations are anticipated to become increasingly complicated as a result of rising social, economic, ethnic and especially religious conflicts. In the south-east Asia, this problem has become acute with Rohingya refugees. Northern Rakhine State in Myanmar is predominantly Buddhist and authoritarian despite a majority Arakan Muslim population and a minority Rakhine Buddhist population. Exclusionary citizenship laws and military actions against Arakanese Muslims, often known as Rohingyas, have forced them to depart Myanmar and seek refuge in Bangladesh. This circumstance pictured the inhuman role of the material world to the persecuted Rohingya refugees. The manuscript aimed at delineating Myanmar’s long-term oppressive and illegal strategy of dislocating Rohingya, and the attitude of the host-state Bangladesh, the regional and global superpowers, and instruments in this respect. The short article is designed in accordance with the qualitative method where information has been collected from different sources predominantly from scholarly articles. The manuscript has also suggested that the buzzword ”Rohingya issue” can be solved only if the Sino-Indian mutual understanding takes liberal steps with neutral support towards Bangladesh and Myanmar including asylum-seeker Rohingya refugees
Page(s): 576-581 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6733Page(s): 582-587 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6734This research is an attempt to study the psychological status of government school teachers in the Gampaha district during the COVID- 19 pandemic. It mainly focuses on school teachers in the Gampaha district who had to transform their teaching style due to online teaching necessities. There is much research on COVID-19 and depression related to the general public, school students, and undergraduates. Yet, there is a visible vacuum in empirical data regarding the depression level of school teachers, which is intended to be bridged through this study. It followed the quantitative approach and gathered data from the government teachers by conducting an online questionnaire survey. The results indicated that among the selected sample, the majority of them appeared to be mildly and moderately depressed, while 27.2% were severely depressed. As the psychological condition is a mandatory requirement for every individual to have a healthy lifestyle, the researchers intend to highlight the importance of governmental aid and support in this regard
Page(s): 588-596 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
Page(s): 597-601 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6735The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb, 1787) is an endemic primate of the island of Borneo that is protected and threatened with extinction. Deforestation is the biggest threat to proboscis monkeys because it destroys the ideal habitat for proboscis monkeys. The proboscis monkey’s habitat includes various types of forest such as wetland forest, peat forest, heath forest, rubber forest, and mangrove forest associated with water. The Tunan River is one of the proboscis monkey’s habitats outside the conservation area in the form of a forest that is fragmented apart by roads, residential areas, plantations, and ponds. Meanwhile, the spread of proboscis monkeys in the Tunan river forest fragmentation area, Waru District, North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan has never been reported so that a study is needed to determine its distribution. This research was started from January to February 2022. The data was collected using the boat survey method, namely observation by using a boat. The results obtained were twenty-four proboscis monkey distribution points based on direct observation. The distribution pattern of proboscis monkeys tends to be random in the fragmentation area and is found more in the upstream than downstream areas due to habitat conditions and the presence of forage trees that support the proboscis monkey population. Therefore, to preserve the proboscis monkey, it is necessary to provide information to the surrounding community by protecting the proboscis monkey habitat
Page(s): 602-604 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6736Page(s): 605-611 Date of Publication: 17 August 2022
The study was designed to investigate Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Upsurge of Violent Crimes in Taraba State, Nigeria. The study made use of a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from a randomly selected sub-set of Taraba state adult population (1,283,817). From the three senatorial districts of the state (Northern, Central, and Southern), two (2) Local Government Areas were purposively selected, being the areas with a history of intense ethno-religious conflicts were included in the study. The sample size was 1110, drawn using a mixed multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics like frequencies/percentages tables and charts were employed in interpreting the data, while chi-square and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used in analyzing the research hypotheses. A hierarchical multiple regression model was employed to predict socio-demographic factors associated with perceived nexus between ethno-religious conflicts and violent crimes. The study found out among others, a high perceived role of arms proliferation during ethno-religious conflicts in the growing incidence of violent crime (90.1%). The Paper among other recommendations recommended for proactive security measures to be employed to ensure that ethnic militias are not allowed to bear firearms and light weapons. They should embark on disarmament and mopping up of weapons.
Page(s): 612-623 Date of Publication: 18 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6737Page(s): 624-627 Date of Publication: 18 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6738Service quality in retail establishments is important for customer satisfaction, retention and also to enhance customer loyalty towards the organization and its products or services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of service quality factors on customer satisfaction with reference to a University based mini supermarket. Service quality was measured using the SERVQUAL model. Five dimensions of Service Quality namely Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Empathy and Assurance are considered for this research. The study employs quantitative research methodology. Primary data for the study is gathered through a structured questionnaire distributed among undergraduates. The sample has been selected based on convenient sampling method. Accordingly, the final sample size consisted of 153 respondents after removing the missing data and outliers. Regression analysis was carried out in order to study the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. Results revealed that there is a significant positive impact of tangibility, reliability and empathy on customer satisfaction. Responsiveness and assurance have an insignificant impact on customer satisfaction. The findings of the study will be beneficial for practitioners in ensuring the service quality aspect of mini-supermarkets in order to ensure customer satisfaction
Page(s): 628-631 Date of Publication: 18 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6739Page(s): 632-636 Date of Publication: 18 August 2022
The utility of ethics in governance and public service provides the framework for a common understanding between leaderships and citizens. While ethics dwells within the realm of morality, beneficence and good will, the empirical applications of its tenets tends to fostering accountability, integrity, and transparency in leaderships. The ethical conundrums encountered in developing nations like Nigeria are not only confounded by the individual-centric nature of morality and ethical practices, but also on the ethno-centric divisions existing within the polity. Many ill vices such as corruption and total disregard to the rule of law have been engendered within the Nigerian state due to the ethno-centric nature of the country, the chaos of leadership, and the sidelining of standard ethical practices. The failure of the Nigerian state at uniting her people has not been without a cost, however, in order to making progress and advancing among the committee of nations, citizens of Nigeria need to jettison their ethno-centric sentiments and imbibe a more nationalistic attitude. The educational system should be more transformative and reformative in its curriculum and approaches, the creation of anti-graft agencies should be more inclusive and consensus driven; and the regulatory and compliance mechanisms at following strictly the tasks and duties of the anti-graft agencies should be fully developed and imbibed. In addition, the punishment for corrupt practices should be more stringent and less accommodating. This review takes a critical look at the prime role ethics plays in the governance of a nation, and the chaos that sets in when leaderships jettison ethics and morality in their affairs. With regards to the Nigerian state, important recommendations are also given to help foster a more ethically and morally guided leadership and practices, in a bid to fostering a better society
Page(s): 637-641 Date of Publication: 18 August 2022
The study sought to assess the place of Early Childhood Education for sustainable development towards poverty reduction in Lagos State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design where questionnaire was used to acquire necessary data for the research work. Population comprises of all teachers in Ibeju Lekki local government in Lagos State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select ten (ten) primary schools in which ten (10) teachers each were randomly chosen from the selected primary schools to make a total of one hundred ( 100) respondents for the study. Two (2) research hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha and data collected was analyzed using Chi-Square statistical tool. Findings revealed that the hypotheses constructed for the purpose of the study was rejected which means that there was significant impact on the challenges facing the effectiveness of Early Childhood Education in Nigeria and there was significant influence on the availability of teachers’ experience/qualification in handling the Early Childhood Care and Education and it was recommended that the level of government commitment to ECCE has to increase more than before, if the stated goals of this level of education are to be achieved. In order to achieve this, a regulatory body should be established under Universal Basic Education Board (UBE) to oversee the affairs of ECCE in Nigeria. The body should be at the federal, all states and all local government areas in the country, with more power given to the local government body since ECCE is meant to be community based education.
Page(s): 642-646 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
Page(s): 647-654 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
The premise of this study was anchored on vulnerability and resilience mechanisms faced by second hand clothes informal traders in the wake of covid-19 lockdown restrictions in Mkoba South, Gweru from 2019 to 2021. Its main objectives were: to explore the vulnerability of second hand clothes informal traders’ in adapting to the Covid 19 lockdown restrictions and to explore the resilience mechanisms utilized. An interpretive research paradigm triangulated by a phenomenological research design was adopted. Interviews and non-participant observations were used as the main data gathering instruments. The overall findings from the study revealed that the second hand clothes informal traders were vulnerable. The vulnerabilities included fear and stress; lack of government support; reduced profits and harassment by municipal and national police. Due to the above vulnerabilities, the second hand clothes informal traders developed resilience mechanisms which include selling from home; moving door to door; selling to familiar customers, friends and relatives on credit; use of Whatsapp to advertise; bribing municipal and national police; use of cross-border transporters/malaitsha for supplies and many more. The resilience mechanisms were all largely effective in in ensuring business survival and sustainable livelihoods. The study recommended that a wider multi-stakeholder consultation in the promulgation of policies to control health pandemics like the Covid 19 in the future be instituted. There is also need for capacity building to the informal traders on general business management and contemporary trends in business marketing using technology as well as helping the second hand clothes informal traders to move from the ‘informal’ tag to formality through registering of their businesses.
Page(s): 655-662 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
Page(s): 663-666 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
The primary aim of every citizen in any nation of the world is to be economically emancipated, as it enables one to be self-reliant rather than depending on parents, guardians or government for survival. However, the majority of Nigerian youths are living in abject poverty compared to their counterparts in developed countries. In an attempt to find a solution to the problem of acute poverty, this study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurship, education and the economic emancipation of youths in the Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A sample of 350 respondents was selected through the purposive sampling technique. Three hypotheses were tested. A self-designed online survey questionnaire titled “Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Emancipation Questionnaire (EEEEQ)” was administered and used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regression analysis were the statistical tools employed for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant relationship between entrepreneurship knowledge and economic emancipation among youths in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria (r=0.78, p<0.05). It was also shown that entrepreneurial skills and economic emancipation among youths in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria were significantly related (r=0.63, p<0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that more emphasis should be given to entrepreneurial skill acquisition and to the adequate provision of learning tools and materials. Government should also make available grants for youth with potential to demonstrate and maximize their acquired entrepreneurial knowledge and skills.
Page(s): 667-671 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6740This study investigated impact of Integrated personnel Payroll and Information System (IPPIS) on the job performance of non-academic staff in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design, and was carried out in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised 1384 staff of Federal University Wukari. The sample size for the study comprised 310 Bursary staff obtained from the use of Taro Yamane formula for sample size determination. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha statistic and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained. The data was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. Chi-Square Statistic to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that; use of IPPIS to detect illegal transfer of service, reactivation of appointments and inflation of contract helps to eliminates corrupt and sharp practices by non-academic staff enhances their productivity. Also, the findings further showed that prompt remittance of employees’ pension plans, healthcare benefit packages and employees’ insurance via IPPIS positively impact on their job productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommendations that; Federal Government should enforce the full implementation of IPPIS to detect and eliminates corrupt and sharp practices often perpetuated by non-academic staff. Federal Government should sensitize the office of the Accountant General of the Federation on the need to fully deploy modern scientific budgetary preparation so as to enable them detect budget paddling and fabrication of accounts among others.
Page(s): 672-678 Date of Publication: 20 August 2022
Page(s): 679-685 Date of Publication: 20 August 2022
The study investigated the influence of inter-religious and farmers- herders’ crises on the management of public universities in the North Central Nigeria. Two specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 9,708 academic and senior administrative staff in seven Federal Universities in North Central Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 384 academic and senior administrative staff who were drawn using purposive, proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Experts validated the questionnaire and its reliability was established using Cronbach Coefficient Alpha Method which yielded a coefficient of 0.87. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and Chi-Square Goodness of fit to test the hypotheses at 0.05level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that inter-religious crises have no significant influence on the management of public universities in North Central Nigeria. The finding however, revealed that farmers-herders’ crises have significant negative influence on public universities’ management. The study concluded that farmers-herders’ crises in North Central Nigeria pose a threat to public universities’ management. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should as a matter of urgency, use all security apparatus to ensure that the crises between farmers and Fulani herders come to an end. This can make the management of public universities better strive. The university management should ensure that clear guidelines on religious activities are put in place to avoid spreading religious intolerance and violence which could result in violence on campuse
Page(s): 686-691 Date of Publication: 20 August 2022
Page(s): 692-697 Date of Publication: 20 August 2022
The study sought to examine disaster preparation, management, and mitigation techniques in Kenya. The study methodology involved literature review of previous studies and the information available to the public on the official government and government departmental websites. The study also reviews the government policies and plans, and legislations that have been put in place by the government and whether or not these policies are suitable for application in real-life situations. Results from the study show that there have been some tremendous efforts taken by different levels of government as well as stakeholders within the country to improve disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation but these could not be fully implemented considering the increase in vulnerability index due to climate change. There are various government policies and departments established under the office of the president under various ministries when as those established through Acts of Parliament, whose goal has been to improve coordination and resource mobilization and deployment towards disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation
Page(s): 698-701 Date of Publication: 20 August 2022
Managing organizational involvement is critical to the success of any organization. Communication is one important thing to support organization success both in improving performance and adaptation to any changes in the existing environment. It is the life blood of any organization and its main purpose is to effect change to influence action. Ethical communication in an organization plays an important role in managing employees and their behaviour, together with relationships contributing effectively towards the formation of pleasant environment within the workplace. It helps build trust between the organization and its general public on management issues as it helps transform organizations for better management if ethical practices is well applied. Through this, employee’s dignity, wellbeing and good will is protected. Organizations rely on communication to express their personal and organizational desires for what they need to do and how they should do it. The main principle of ethical communication is honesty and the value of presenting information as true and factual as possible. The information presented to various parties need to be consistent, considering both the short-term and long-term implications of honest communication, by ensuring that it is accepted as one’s responsibility. The study will help individuals improve on their behaviour, how they relate and help up-grade the structure of the organization and in achieving organizational goals. Readers will be able to learn on how to relate with each other in an ethical way, see the importance of good interpersonal relationship, organization reputation, thus improved performance
Page(s): 702-708 Date of Publication: 21 August 2022
Page(s): 709-715 Date of Publication: 21 August 2022
Due to the failure of the Zimbabwean economy in the past two decades and the subsequent collapse of the formal sector in the country cross border trading has become increasingly popular in the country and likewise the involvement of women in the sector. Remunerations which is earned through informal female cross border trading is not only benefiting their respective households but contribute to the GDP of the country through payment of customs exercise duty, tax on importation of goods, and other government charges and hence women are major contributors to the economy of Zimbabwe. Nonetheless, despite the contributions by women, the challenges and benefits involved with informal cross border traders are based on gender. Unfortunately, there is lack of information on the challenges and stressors faced by females in cross border trading in Zimbabwe. It is against this background that the present study seeks a critical analysis of problems encountered by informal female cross border traders in Zimbabwe and also determining the coping strategies. A qualitative method was adopted in primary data collection and it was achieved through the use of interviews. The snowball sampling method was used to select the females that participated as respondents. The study noted that female cross border traders in Zimbabwe facing serious and deep rooted challenges in the process of conducting their trade from government officials, restriction to access of loans, and health issues emanating from stress and leads to other serious mental health issues like depression, anxiety, tendency of self-harm, and suicide. The study also noted that begging, creating personal savings, and visiting health institutions and employing self-medication were the most common coping strategies applied by the female cross border traders.
Page(s): 716-722 Date of Publication: 21 August 2022
This paper examines the possibility of overcoming technological determinism in the curriculum of institutions of technology and Vocational institutions in Africa in order to cultivate the kind of individuals with the relevant critical thinking skills needed for a contemporary technologically complex society. Using a social-historical approach in analysis and selecting television as a case study, it argued that an adequate discussion of technological literacy issues could be achieved by the shift of emphasis from technological artifacts in isolation to examining the social and cultural origins of technological artifacts, and hence to the social processes involved in deciding, selecting, designing, controlling, adopting and producing specific technological artifacts. It ultimately recommends the creative possibilities that the approach suggests for teaching and learning and for the development of cultural attitudes conducive to the advantageous utilization of technologies for the society consuming them
Page(s): 723-731 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
Page(s): 732-738 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
This study evaluates how personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control can influence an individual’s intentions to become an entrepreneur based on planned behaviour and individual innovative cognitive style framework. A sample of 246 students was surveyed in the Sultan Qaboos University (164 females & 82 males). Three models were constructed in which the variables were hierarchically presented into the regression equations. Firstly, the theory of planned behaviour model comprises only those variables stated by the theory. Secondly, the innovative cognitive style model comprised those extracted as the innovativeness style measurements. The third model combined those variables specified the and variables of the. The obtained results suggest a positive link between personal attitudes, subjective norms, individual behaviour control and entrepreneurial intentions, and the innovative cognitive style and entrepreneurial intentions, consequently supporting this research hypothesis
Page(s): 739-751 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6741Page(s): 752-763 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
The WordPress Namibia Limited retrenched employees in 2020 to save costs and increased the productivity within the organisation. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the impact of retrenchment at WordPress Namibia Limited on employee wellbeing and productivity within the organisation. Retrenchment has become one of the most useful survival strategies implemented by organisations during turbulent business environment. The data was collected through the use of qualitative and quantitate methods with a sample size of forty-four employees. The data collected was analysed and presented using descriptive and deducible statistics to gain applicable answers to the study’s exploration questions. SPSS was also used for analysing the research questions, descriptive statistics in the form of simple probabilities, frequency distributions, weighted pars, and standard divagation was used. The main findings indicate that the retrenchment process has negatively affected employee wellbeing and productivity within the organisation. A vast majority of the respondents agreed that the retrenchment process resulted in reduced worker morale, demotivation, increased job insecurity, increased workload and extended working hours for the remaining employees. The study found that there was no prior consultation or effective communication with the employees before the retrenchment process started. It is recommended that retrenchment process should be well planned, with a proper communication strategy and ongoing consultations with the employees. The remaining employees need support from management to cope with the effects of retrenchment. There are other better options to be considered such as voluntary pay-outs, job merging, deployment etc. instead of forced retrenchment
Page(s): 764-778 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
Page(s): 779-784 Date of Publication: 22 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6742Stress happens everywhere to each person and it is really a typical part of an individual’s life. It’s the body and mind reaction to a new and challenging situation. Everyone has different stress triggers. Work stress tops the list, according to surveys (Watson, S., 16 March 2022). The situation of COVID -19 carried a dissimilar shape and color to the workplace or work/job related stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated one of the worst jobs crises and there is a real hazard that the crisis was an expansion of stress in different ways to individuals who work in many jobs everywhere in the world. Studies claimed that there is an inverse association between mindfulness and stress (rdw.rowan.edu). According to the American Psychological Association- (APA) mindfulness meditation can improve both mental and physical health (Bartlett L, Buscot MJ., Bindoff A., Chambers R., Hassed C. at all, 10 September 2021). Kabat-Zinn defined mindfulness as “the awareness that arises through giving attention, on purpose, in the current moment, and non-judgmentally to the relating of experience moment by moment” (Kabat- Zinn, 2003, p. 145). This cross-sectional study focused on applying mindfulness for managing job stress in the finance sector employees in Northern peninsula in Sri Lanka during the period of Covid-19. All the participants represented the religion of Hinduism. Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or way of life (Sharma, 2003, pp. 12–13) and the dominant religion of India that emphasizes dharma with its resulting ritual and social observances and often mystical contemplation and ascetic practices (Merriam-webster.com). In this background, this research attempted to get an answer for the question; “could mindfulness be effective for managing work-place stress of the Hinduism employees who work in the field of finance during the pandemic of COVIID-9”. Henceforth, the general objective of this research is measuring the successfulness of the mindfulness for managing the work stress of Hinduism employees during the pandemic situation of COVIID-9. Specific objectives of this study are examine: 1) the physical, mental, and emotional effects of the stress at this pandemic situation that these employees are experiencing, 2) the capability of staying in the current moment; level of mindfulness of the employees & 3) Contribution of mindfulness to reduce the symptoms of perceived stress of the employees. The study was grounded on both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected online from 36 employees who represent top to bottom management level in the finance sector in Northern Province in Sri Lanka. Gathering of data was a vital part of the study and interviews and informal discussions had been conducted before and after the MBSR program. As this is a mixed methods research, data interpretation was done using both quantitative and qualitative measures. It was observed that as a whole, before the MBSR program, many employees who worked in the Northern Province experienced moderate levels of stress and the data showed that employees had a considerable amount of mindfulness level. After the MBSR program the coping mechanism of the stress has developed into a positive level and the mindfulness level has greatly increased of the employees.
Page(s): 785-793 Date of Publication: 24 August 2022
Background: School Health Services (SHS), is an essential component of the school health programme. It ensures the achievement of Education for All (EFA); inclusive of children with special needs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the current practice of SHS among primary schools in north-central Nigeria Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in 128 primary schools comprising 64 private and 64 public schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. The School Health Programme Evaluation Scale (SHPES), self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. The data collected on the questionnaire was appropriately verified and computed for analysis. Result: One hundred and seven schools met the minimum acceptable score of 19 in SHS Conclusion: From our assessment, the majority of those who met the minimum score were private schools. Hence, private schools performed better than public schools in practicing school health services.
Page(s): 794-800 Date of Publication: 24 August 2022
The study was conducted at Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT) to establish challenges facing academic staff in doing research and publishing their outputs in scholarly journals. The study had a sample of 123 staffs that were selected through purposive sampling technique. The sample included senior and junior academic staffs. Data were collected through in-depth interview and documentary review and analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that few academic staffs were publishing despite the existing of university local Journal of Social Sciences and Business Studies. The staffs were faced with a number of challenges such as low motivation, lack of research funds, and incentives, teaching load and university various responsibilities. In addition to that, junior staffs lack mentorship, awareness of accredited journals to publish and knowledge on how to publish papers. Firstly, the study recommends the staff to apply for research funds and not to depend only to the Directorate of Postgraduate Studies and Research to seek funds for them. Secondly, the university should establish a mechanism to support its staffs rather than depending on research funds from funders that are hard to get. Thirdly, the fact that seminars and workshops are conducted at the university; academic staffs are required to attend in order to gain knowledge and skills on how to publish their research.
Page(s): 801-807 Date of Publication: 24 August 2022
The study primarily aimed at determining and utilizing extent of the Social Science instructors on instructional materials, and framing a capacity development framework to secure the quality of instructional delivery in the changing times. It employed the descriptive design undertaking the purposive sampling which resulted in obtaining 26 respondents from the total population, thus descriptive statistics had been used in analyzing and interpreting the collected data. The results reflected how social sciences are being taught by the 26 purposively sampled respondents and showed that the underlying instructional materials or the non-technological ones remained as top materials that are often and occasionally being utilized, collectively implying that regardless that these are categorized as traditional and commonly used, are still being perceived as efficient and effective, such that optimizing and redesigning them to adapt to the changing landscape of instruction is elucidated in this paper through a capacity development program paradigm, in which the implementation is urgently recommended.
Page(s): 808-813 Date of Publication: 24 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6743To cope up the challenge of globalization and information revolution, journalism education in India has flourished extensively by last seventy years of its inception. As a subject of profession, communication and journalism is very significant in the context that communication revolution in India has been identified as the crucial pathway to national development. Therefore, the media industry has expanded immensely and to fulfill its growing demand, within last seven decades from the beginning in 1941, a good number of university departments and institutions have been established for media education. More than 200 departments and institutes in India offer Bachelor, Masters, Post Graduate Diploma, MPhil and PhD programs in the field of mass communication and journalism. Among them, a good number of departments and institutes, enriched with scholarly professors, are internationally renowned in terms of global standard in media education. These prominent institutes, well-equipped with modern facility are playing contributory role by obtaining glorious achievements. However, still there are many Indian journalism institutes which beset with manifold problems including fund constraint, westernized text and curricula, insufficient research, lacking in practical training and so on. Nevertheless, Indian leading journalism institutes deserve kudos in terms of standard media education. This article strives to pinpoint the status of prominent journalism institutes in India by identifying problems and prospects
Page(s): 814-818 Date of Publication: 24 August 2022
Numerous evidence abound in various scholarly research studies that the growing challenges of deposit money banks remain consistent given that environmental challenges like Covid19/varying associated pandemic have continue to place more and more negative impact on organisational performance of deposit money banks particularly in Nigeria, yet deposit money banks still somehow continue to operate on the mirage of not giving due attention to some sustainable marketing elements. With the intent of investigating the affinity between sustainable marketing and the moderation effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance in selected deposit money banks in Nigeria,a sample of 565 was adopted from the study population of 1542 employees of selected deposit money banks, and the the inferential statistics for the analysis of the interaction between sustainable marketing and the moderating effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria revealed that customer cognition had significant moderating effect on the relationship between sustainable marketing and organizational performance (R2 = 0.0157, F(1, 491) = 11.259, p<0.05). This therefore led the study to conclude on significant positive impact of sustainable marketing on organisational performance given the moderating effect of consumer cognition, hence the need for more attention on the elements of sustainable marketing for enhanced organisational performance.
Page(s): 819-826 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
Page(s): 827-836 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6745To discourage and avoid refugees from seeking protection on its territory, the government of South Africa is increasingly implementing restrictive refugee policies and practices. These policies and practices include interruption, prohibition measures, and restrictive interpretations of the refugee definition. This trend has manifested itself in several different ways, including an increase in the number of people held in detention facilities, a decrease in the number of benefits received from welfare programs, and severe restrictions placed on the possibilities of achieving financial independence, as well as restricted rights to reunite families. The denial of essential social, economic, political, and cultural rights, as well as other rights guaranteed by the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and other rights guaranteed under the OUA 1969 Convention, is one of the primary ways that the application of discouragement procedures has more recently been extended within the country to recognized refugees. This has primarily taken place as a result of a reduction in the standards of treatment that are provided to refugees. Refugees in South Africa frequently violate their fundamental legal protections because of a lack of available resources. Xenophobia and prejudice against foreigners, particularly towards refugees, have also increased in the country in recent years. These attitudes contribute to an aggressive local environment in which reduced treatment standards are tolerated or even seen as acceptable. In particular, this prejudice is directed toward refugees. Even though the State of South Africa has ratified the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the application of the convention varies greatly depending on the national, economic, social, and cultural conditions at any given time
Page(s): 837-842 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6744Page(s): 843-852 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
The research focuses on the impact of corporate social responsibility on profitability. The project focus on the banking industry in Nigeria. Corporate social responsibility has been incorporated in most corporations’ activities and most times do not consider the implications it has on the corporations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility expenditure on the profitability of the banks in Nigeria. The proxies for profitability are earnings per share (EPS), return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) while that of corporate social responsibility is all expenses incurred by the company for a given period. A quantitative approach was used in this study. We made use of secondary data was gotten from the annual financial report of the selected banks. We examined the annual financial report of Access Bank Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), United Bank for Africa (UBA), and Zenith Bank Plc. These four (4) banks are registered on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The sampling technique adopted is a probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling technique to select the banks out of a total of twenty-two (22) banks in Nigeria. These banks were selected because they were ranked as the top banks that participate in corporate social responsibility. The data gathered was gotten from seven (7) years of the annual financial report of the four (4) selected banks. The period covered is 2015-2021 using a simple linear regression analysis through E-views 8 software. The result showed that there is an impact of corporate social responsibility on the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The result also showed that there is no impact of corporate social responsibility on earnings per share (EPS). The research concluded that the directors should ensure that they incorporate social responsibility in the bank’s activities in a way that would be of great benefit to the entity. The corporate social responsibility policy developed should consider staff welfare and government should be more involved in ensuring compliance and disclosure of the company’s social responsibility
Page(s): 853-870 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
Burnout in pastoral ministry is increasingly becoming an issue of concern among helping professionals. It is generally associated with certain emotional and psychological symptoms that may arise in the context of work stress. However, there are minimal studies with Catholic religious men and women. Therefore, the current study had two objectives: to examine the prevalence of burnout in pastoral ministry among Catholic religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda; and to establish burnout prevalence in different years of pastoral ministry among Catholic religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda. The study adopted a mixed method explanatory sequential design. The target population of the study was 280 Religious men and women. Through proportionate stratified random sampling, a sample size of 165 participants was selected. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 10 participants for the qualitative strand. Data was collected using Questionnaires and In-depth Interview Guide. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS version 21 application software and the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that most religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese have moderate levels of burnout. However, the fact that there are those with higher levels of both emotional exhaustion (n=15; 10.6%) and depersonalization (n=31; 21.8%) coupled with lower levels of personal accomplishment (n=53; 37.3%) could not be under looked. On regard to burnout prevalence in different years in ministry, the result indicated that those religious between 5-10 years of ministering scored low on personal accomplishment (M=1.1395) and scored high on both emotional exhaustion (M=2.4186) and depersonalization (M = 2.7805) compared to the rest of the other groups.
Page(s): 871-877 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
Page(s): 878-883 Date of Publication: 25 August 2022
