The novel-coronavirus disease is presently a global health threat and civic health emergency of worldwide concern. China is doing its best to control and implement measures necessitated by the current situation of COVID-19. Filipino Teachers in Shaanxi China are in no exemption in dealing with COVID-19 anxiety and other pressing challenges. Despite a better condition during the pandemic, Filipino teachers are still observing preventive actions related to COVID-19. An online survey was designed to collect the perceptions of the Filipino teachers in Shaanxi China about attitude and preventive actions in dealing with anxiety. Results showed that Filipino teachers foster a positive attitude in spite of the drastic changes in the community and even staying in China during and after post-outbreak. Further results revealed that preventive actions are being observed by the Filipino teachers when they are in public places to deal with COVID-19 anxiety even it’s in the post-outbreak. Moreover, there was no gender divide established across the investigated variables. The study relied primarily on self-assessed experiences of Filipino teachers and future studies may involve a larger population, other nationalities and with comparison to the citizens as respondents.
Page(s): 01-08 Date of Publication: 04 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5401Download PDF
This study examined the profitability analysis of sachet table water production in Gombe South senatorial zone, Gombe state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used. Gombe South sachet table water production enterprises were purposively selected. In the study area 15 production enterprises were selected. The data were analyzed using enterprise budget model to analyze the gross margin, profit, gross ratio, operating ratio, fixed ratio, return per naira invested, the ratio of gross margin to fixed cost and ratio of gross margin to variable cost. Gross margin of N519,151,357, profit of N 516,398,522, gross ratio of 0.0106, operating ratio of 0.0053, fixed ratio of 0.0052, return per capital invested of 94.04, ratio of gross margin to fixed cost of 188.58 and ratio of gross margin to variable cost of 185.58 was released. The citizens of Gombe South senatorial zone should engage in sachet table water production because it is a profitable venture.
Page(s): 09-12 Date of Publication: 06 May 2021
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This study examined the extent to which captions in burial posters communicate age, bereavement and grief of loss of loved ones in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data for the research were sourced from 32 burial posters found in three locations in the area, and qualitative data on grieving gotten from bereaved family members. It was found among other things that captions in burial posters communicate the age of the deceased depicting death as being timely or untimely. Captions in burial posters convey social status of the deceased upon death. Age is not a major determinant of grieving as expressed in burial posters. Variations exist for premature deaths depicted in burial posters. Age at death of the deceased was the major determinant of the kind of captions found in burial posters. Untimely deaths are captioned differently from timely deaths. Expression of grieving for untimely deaths could be higher than grieving for timely deaths. It was concluded that age at death intervened for the kind of captions found in burial posters.
Page(s): 13-18 Date of Publication: 11 May 2021
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The conflict between the Ife and Modakeke appears to be a protracted and seemingly intractable intra-ethnic conflict that has continued to put two groups of the same ethnic background against one another. This study, therefore examined the efficacy of traditional institutions in conflict resolution, with a specific reference to Ife-Modakeke communal fracas. The study found that the major causes of the conflict between Ife and Modakeke group include hatred and discrimination, local government, religion, resource control, argument over boundary among others. This study discovered that one of the shortcomings of the past methods of managing the Ife-Modakeke conflict is inability of bringing succour to the minds of those who records losses during the war. The role of traditional institutions in managing the conflict includes several committees comprising of chiefs of both towns inaugurated whereby chiefs of both towns meet at intervals to discuss the peace and progress of the towns and conclusions are reached on salient issues. Conflict is indeed an inevitable aspect of human interaction. There is the need to learn to manage them and deal with them in a way that prevents escalation and destruction, and to arrive at new, innovative, and creative ideas to resolve them.
Page(s): 19-24 Date of Publication: 11 May 2021
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Implementation of electronic government initiatives is a major goal in Kenya as evident in the country’s National ICT Master Plan of 2018-2023. In 2011, the access and usage of computers was estimated at 8.4 per cent and the use of Internet to access government services was at 6.3 per cent. By 2017, the use of computers was reported by 75.1 per cent of public sector employees and the provision of online government services had increased to 43.4 per cent of the public institutions. However, even with the increased usage of modern technologies by most government institutions, the National Government Administrative Units in Kenya are not keeping pace in adopting new technologies. Paper-based service delivery in the sector has caused inefficiencies which has negatively affected provision of services. This study therefore evaluated the institutional determinants of electronic government adoption in the National Government Administrative Units in Kenya, with a reference to Migori County. The study specifically investigated the role of Top Management Support, ICT Policy Framework, Human Resource Capacity and ICT infrastructure in determining utilization of electronic government in National Government Administrative Units in Migori County. Two theories, the Diffusion of Innovation theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology were utilized to guide this study. The study employed quantitative research methodology and descriptive research design. The target population comprised the 340 National Government Administrative Officers in Migori County and a sample of 184 respondents was selected for the study using stratified sampling. Closed-ended questionnaires were used in the study. The questionnaires were validated by the researcher’s supervisor and their reliability was above 0.7. The response rate was 90.8%. The collected data was analyzed descriptively for mean, frequencies and standard deviation using SPSS version 22. The study also utilized inferential analysis for correlation and regression to provide complete relationships between the study variables. Regression and correlation results indicated a positive and significant relationship between institutional determinants and adoption of electronic government in National Government administrative units in Migori County. The study therefore concluded that a willing and supportive management, implementation of ICT policy framework, skilled human resource and good ICT infrastructure leads to adoption and smooth running of e-government platforms. Moreover, the study recommended managerial and policy adjustments so as to further enhance successful utilization of more electronic government programs in National Government Administrative Units.
Page(s): 25-48 Date of Publication: 12 May 2021
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Community Economic Development (CED) practice in Bangladesh is vital in ensuring the sustainability of the community and economy of Bangladesh and it contributes to the creation and maintenance of economic, social, ecological, human, political, and cultural capitals of communities in a sustainable and progressive manner. Existing literature in Bangladesh perspective mostly focuses on NGO contributions. However, local large conglomerates have contributions in this aspect and the study would like to tap on the research gap by conducting an intensive case study on PRAN-RFL Group (PRG), one of the largest conglomerates in Bangladesh and South East Asia. The case study provided a theoretical background of the business profile of the PRG. Researchers collected data from the organizations about their CED contributions to different areas ofBangladesh even in the ongoing COVID19 time. PRG’s contributions to those remote areas were found significant and valuable to make the society sustainable and resilient. For this reason, the partnership between the PRGandthe community (individual entrepreneur) was remarkable.The study concluded that PRG’s contribution to the CED practices set examples of their competitors of Bangladesh in various CED practices. The study recommended further quantitative analysis in assessing community farmers and reverse migration in this aspect.
Page(s): 49-55 Date of Publication: 12 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5402Download PDF
Code-switching (CS) has become a ubiquitous phenomenon marking social group’s linguistic behaviour and Tunisia is not an exception as Tunisians tend to alternate between more than two codes (Tunisian Arabic, French, English…). The literature on CS practice in different bilingual communities and contexts is wide. Yet, a few studies have been conducted in the craft industry sector in Tunisia. Moreover, there is a relative dearth of studies on how CS may be used strategicallyas a persuasive power by merchants in craft industry.Most of the studies on the persuasive function of CS have been conducted within advertising context. Henceforth, this study attempts to investigate CS behaviour among merchants in the craft industry sector in Djerba, Tunisia. It particularly aims to find out whether or not CS is deployed by merchants strategically for the purpose of persuasion. 30 merchants participated in this study. To this end, a mixed method approach was adopted based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative approach is based on the use of a questionnaire delivered to merchants to find out whether or not merchants employ CS strategically for the purpose of persuasion. As for the qualitative methodology, it consists in the analysis of 10 samples of recorded conversations held between merchants and Arab as well as Western tourists, applying Myers-Scotton’s (1993) Markedness Model which aims to determine whether or not merchants use CS as a marked choice (deliberate, strategic) for the purpose of persuasion. The results of the quantitative and qualitative study showed that the strategic use of CS is mainly employed with Western tourists, whereas with Arabs it is mostly displayed unconsciously (with no hidden intention), especially with Tunisians mostly constrained by the lack of technical words in Tunisian Arabic (TA). Overall, the findings of this study indicated that the persuasive function of CS depends on the nationality of the customer involved in the interaction. This suggests that merchants calculate their code choice based on the nationality of the tourist. Hence, this study could be seen as a small contribution to understanding Tunisian merchants’ linguistic behaviour in the craft industry sector.It hasvaluable significance in sociolinguistic and marketing research in that it provided consumer researchers as well as marketers with an awareness of the persuasive power of CS practice in the Tunisian craft industry sector.
Page(s): 56-70 Date of Publication: 13 May 2021
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This baseline paper draws on the asset-based approach (ABA), as to explore multiple vulnerabilities in Zimbabwean rural learning ecologies as well as how they may be mitigated. In this paper, we began by discussing the brief overview of the approach, exploring literature that supports the need for the ABA to mitigate multiple vulnerabilities for sustainable learning in rural ecologies. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a heterogeneous group of 20 participants who included 13 learners facing multiple vulnerabilities; and 2 teachers, 2 former school learners, 1 faith-based representative, 1 social worker and 1 local community business representative as identified assets from the community. Qualitative research methods were utilised to investigate possibilities for the ABA to mitigate multiple vulnerabilities for sustainable learning in rural learning ecologies. The paper was able to capture the reality of the participants’ experiences using the Participatory Action Research design through the use of interviews and focus group discussions. Data generated were critically analysed and discussed using the Critical Discourse Analysis. Findings from the study revealed that multiple vulnerabilities greatly affect learners in their learning process. The results suggest that if the available assets are utilised to some degree, it is possible for rural learners to achieve quality education regardless of the vulnerabilities they face. The researchers conclude that the ABA has great potential as a way of alleviating multiple vulnerabilities.
Page(s): 71-78 Date of Publication: 13 May 2021
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This baseline paper draws from the complexity theory to troubled learners’ facing multiple vulnerabilities as plural, diverse and may be encountered simultaneously. We argue that society usually views vulnerability as a singular, easily describable and understood phenomenon. It begins with discussing the brief overview of the themes and theory, exploring literature that supports the need for complexity theory in mitigating multiple vulnerabilities. The components of the complexity theory are discussed and literature on how they can best be set to utilise the theory is explored are also discussed with an aim to unveiling how they can better be addressed in the context of applying the theory in mitigating multiple vulnerabilities..
Page(s): 79-84 Date of Publication: 13 May 2021
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This study was conducted to determine the significant influence of internet usagetocyberbullying among Senior High School students of two campuses of a certain university in Davao Region, Philippines. A quantitative non-experimental descriptive-correlational design was employed in the study utilizing a stratified random sampling technique among 176 out of 317 SHS students from Campus A and 132 out of 197 students from Campus B for S.Y. 2019-2020. Percentage was used to determine the proportion of students under frequency of internet usage and cyber bullying while chi-square analysis was used in determining if internet usage is a significant predictive factor of cyber bullying. As a result, 50% of sample students used internet in daily basis. The proportion of sample students who used in weekly basis is 18.2%. The proportion of students around 22.7% to be using internet in monthly basis. There is only a portion of 9.1% of sample students who used internet whenever they are only required.64% of the sample students experienced cyberbullying while only 36% of the sample students responded that they haven’t experienced cyberbullying. Thus, SHS students’ exposure to internet is recommended to be in controllable manner to reduce the cyber bullying experiences of the students.
Page(s): 85-88 Date of Publication: 13 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5403Download PDF
Education has significantly contributed to an increase in expanding skills, creating a stimulating atmosphere for creativity, and constructing the human resources needed for a potentially informed economy. Early childhood education has become the world’s fastest expanding field in the educational enterprise. Since the project’s creation, the number of children participating in nursery programs has more than increased. Effective primary school teaching has become a major problem in many countries around the world, and most African countries, including Ghana, have made efforts to promote the accelerated development of early childhood education. Curriculum means various things to different individuals in early childhood education. It may apply to a theory, a program, or a process. The curriculum, according to the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC, 2009), consists of the information and abilities to be learned in the school program as well as the preparations for activities from which children can learn. Epstein (2007) describes education as the expertise and abilities that teachers are required to teach and children are expected to acquire, as well as the preparations for activities that will promote learning.
Page(s): 89-94 Date of Publication: 13 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5404Download PDF
Openness to diversity is vital in improving internal group positive relationship.This study examinedthe influence of interpersonal and social empathy toward openness to diversity of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students. Furthermore, it delves what factor of interpersonal and social empathy significantly influences the openness to diversity of HUMSS students. Primary data were collected directly from the respondents through two adapted scales. The descriptive-correlation method of research was used to attain the study’s objectives. The respondents of this study were the 123 grade 12 HUMSS students of Sto. Tomas National High School from school year 2019 – 2020. The findings of the study revealed that the level of interpersonaland social empathy and openness to diversity of senior high school students are both high. It was also revealed that there is a positive, high and significant relationship between interpersonal and social empathy and openness to diversity. Moreover, it was found out that the macro-perspective taking and self-other awareness are the domains that significantly influence openness to diversity. This means that if the students show consideration and sensible with other’s way of living there is a great possibility that they are open with diversity.
Page(s): 95-102 Date of Publication: 14 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5405Download PDF
After the Second World War there was intense rivalry on the control of the Middle- East affairs among the superpowers. However, America through diplomacy and persistence in the spreading of democracy made Middle- East its axis of political and economic influence. America made the shah of Iran to have political influence with a view to understanding the political terrain of the middle- East and to use him as an experiment for democracy in order to sustaining its hegemonic stability. Ostensibly, the Iranian revolution and the Iran/Iraq war had two dimensional effects on Iranian geo-politics. One, the revolution promoted democracy, two, and it weakened the power of Iran from having strong foothold to oppose American hegemony. Unknowingly to America, Iran has taken the advantage of the diffused political tension in the Middle East with the assistance of Russian technology and China’s economic relations to flex muscle with America. It may also be viewed that in the face of Iran democratic advantage, economic development, technological curiosity in the area of nuclear weapon and the Middle East political instability, the Iran geo-political strategic relevance is becoming a serious issue to American Middle East dominance. This paper therefore intends to examine whether Iran geopolitics constitutes threat to the American hegemony in the Middle East.
Page(s): 103-109 Date of Publication: 18 May 2021
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Human rights are inherent to all human beings and they are primarily stand on protecting human dignity. Among the other human rights, freedom of opinion and expression plays a vital role in order to realization of other human rights effectively and more meaningfully. The ICCPR as the main treaty based mechanism of civil and political rights, general comments on No. 34 is highly important with regard to the effective realization of Freedom of opinion and expression in the domestic level protection of a country. It is very important to ensure the freedom of expression in order to uphold the foundation of the free and democratic values of any society. The Sri Lankan perspective on ensuring this right is highly debatable with regard to its operationalization and application when it comes to the practical situations. Though this right is protected as fundamental right in Sri Lanka, many restrictions are arbitrarily imposed beyond the protection of constitutional safeguard and all the situations of state intervention were justified with the whims and fancies of the authority. This approach is evident by several incidents occurred in the country during the very recent past. The adherence to General comments No.34 is fairly treat on safeguarding inappropriate restrictions of freedom of expression by state party. Therefore, this paper examines the importance of adherence to the general comments no. 34 with regard to the effective realization of freedom of expression based on present stance of Sri Lanka. Further, the author applies and analyzes the drawbacks of Sri Lanka’s situation of undermining the importance of freedom of expression.
Page(s): 110-114 Date of Publication: 18 May 2021
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The focus of the article is on adoption of E-learning as a panacea to the effects of COVID-19Pandemic on the teaching and learning of science in Nigerian Secondary Schools. It is argued that conventional. Strategies of teaching are not adequate for teaching science during the pandemic because of the lockdown and social distancing. The script is of the view that E-learning would be the best alternative, however the various modes of E-learning required face-to-face lecturing, which may not be possible at this period. In light of this, the author believed the Google classroom and the zoom session frameworks, which have been in vogue in many countries of the world could be the best. The paper reviewed the benefits of Google classroom and Zoom based on the countries that had used the method. The manuscript mentioned some challenges that can militate the implementation of the strategy in Nigeria, it was concluded that Google classroom and Zoom session could be the alternative to science teaching and learning at this period if all the challenges mentioned were mitigated. Finally, the implications of the paper were highlighted
Page(s): 115-119 Date of Publication: 18 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5406Download PDF
It is a general trend in cities that the deaf people roam the streets in cities. While governments, charity organizations and churches have sought to provide them with shelter, food handouts and education in special schools they still remain without permanent shelter and work. They also suffer marginalization and exclusion from the mainstream hearing community. Current literature and studies only confirm the status of these, but they have not provided a solution. It is the objective of this study to investigate the critical needs of the deaf people in the city of Bulawayo so that they are appropriately capacitated to manage their lives. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth face-to-face interviews. The participants in the study revealed that the community and society at large do not understand the deaf culture because there is no interactive language. They highlighted that it is the inability of the mainstream hearing society to interact with deaf people which results in their social exclusion. The analysis of the questionnaires and interviews show how significant it is for the deaf people to be integrated to the hearing world by exposing hearing people to SL and involving them in community projects for the deaf.
Page(s): 120-129 Date of Publication: 18 May 2021
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This paper examines the role of socialisation and its impact on the Iranian armed organisations, especially Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Basij and Al-Quds Force. This paper also examines the role of the Iranian school as an agent of socialisation beneath the secularism rule prior to the collapse of the Shah and currently beneath Islamic Shia rule. Furthermore, the paper highlights the internal ascendancy of Iran clergy against the dissenters of the Iranian Islamic Revolution and externally against the Western and Israeli interests, besides the fight in Syria against the Sunnis. The paper argues that the reason for establishing the Iranian organisations, Basij, IRGC, and Al-Quds Force is not for exporting the Iranian revolution behind the Iranian borders, but to muzzle the voice of Iran dissenters on Iran soil, and overseas. For this reason, the crucial of socialisation on the Iranian soil had successfully established stalwart organisations that work beneath Wilayat Al Faqih
Page(s): 130-136 Date of Publication: 18 May 2021
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Anaphors which include the reflexive and reciprocal manifest differently in languages all over the world. As referent items, they occur as morphological, syntactic or lexical. In this paper, a different focus is taken by assignment of case to determine grammaticality of sentences that contain anaphors. Data was drawn from native speaker intuition and secondary data from scholars. The data was subjected to validation by being verified by six adult native speakers. Different types of anaphors collected were analyzed using descriptive and qualitative research designs. Case Theory, a module of Government and Binding Theory was used as the tool for analysis. The analyses report that Dholuo language exhibit both lexical and non-lexical words as anaphors which occupy object position. The non-lexical anaphor –r ‘self’ or ‘each other’, does not occur in isolation; it is attached to the verb and followed by a personal pronoun. It is also established that Dholuo anaphor is assigned morphological accusative case by the verb, the antecedent is assigned abstract nominative case by INFL(ection); while the preposition assigns oblique case to its object to satisfy the case filter principle. However, Exceptional Case marking (ECM) occurred where the anaphor in an infinitival IP was exceptionally assigned accusative case by the verb from the matrix. But, where the Complementizer Phrase (CP) and Prepositional Phrase (PP) occurred, ECM does not apply since they are barriers to government. Conversely, Case Theory could not account for assignment of case to an extra anaphor in the sentence like wuon ‘self’ in Dholuo that occurred with the anaphor –r ‘self’ ‘each other. Therefore, there is need for a linguistic theory that captures the assignment of case to two anaphors that occur in constructions.
Page(s): 137-148 Date of Publication: 18 April 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5407Download PDF
In computer science, an expected outcome of a student’s education is programming skill. Although the teacher expects the students to master the programming language, there is a doubt whether the student had achieved the teachers’ expectation. So it is desirable to get the students’ view point on what they had achieved and what are the obstacles they come across. Thus, this study aims at investigating the students’ perception towards programming and also whether the perception varies based on gender. 241 students who studied the subject Structured Programming at Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Education had attended the survey. Results show that although both male and female students believe programming is important for future career there is a strong gender affect in their perception on curricula and their ability of programming. The male students outperform female students in understanding the concepts, working in the programming development environment and fixing bugs. Male students find programming interesting and they tend to assist female students. Although programming is a practical based subject, both male and female students feel participating in lectures help them to learn programming better. For attitudinal change of female students and to enhance the performance of all students, teachers can use tools like Alice, Scratch to better visualize programs or techniques like pair programming, peer instruction to enhance student collaboration. The results of this study can be used as a base for future research on teaching methodology for programming subjects. Examining relationship between perception and performance will extend and expand the findings.
Page(s): 149-155 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the integrative holistic garden management of early childhood education in Kindergartens Pertiwi. Research methodology in this research is in-depth interviews with school stakeholders. The results of this study found that the implementation of integrative holistic early childhood education management in Kindergarten Pertiwi has gone well, although some programs have not run well. This research is limited to the level of early childhood education for leaders, teachers and parents of students in Kindergarten Pertiwi. This study can be useful for other research especially for high level research in several areas around Lampung.
Page(s): 156-160 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic brought a lot of changes globally particularly in education sector. With this, teachers used different platforms to serve as an avenue for teaching – learning and one of which is the use of Facebook. This study utilized descriptive quantitative research. A total of210 student – respondents answered the questionnaire, which was adapted and modified from Nguyen (2017). Frequency, mean and t-test were used to analyze the generateddata.Results revealed that majority of the students used smartphone as a device to access Facebook and they were connected with their friends and teachers. They used Facebook daily and spend 1 to 6 hours per week. In addition, Facebook wasbeing used as learning platform. Most students used Facebook to get information and to communicate with their classmates about school-related topics. When data on actual usage of Facebook were grouped according to gender, significant difference exists, while, there was no significant differencewhen the data were grouped according to track. The common issues encountered by the students were poor internet connectivity, verification of education-related resources and easily distracted by other Facebook contents. When data were grouped according to gender and track, results revealed that there were no significant difference.
Page(s): 161-164 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5408Download PDF
When religion and politics are discussed, one wonders as to whether these two fields of human active are mutually exclusive. Academically, these concepts are treated as in dependent of one another. In practical terms, the interplay between religion and politics is equally not always self-evident. I have argued, through thematic analysis of literature, that religion and politics are grounded in the integral nature of the human person. Human life is a project or task to be accomplished. On the one hand, politics helps us to organise the conditions within which this task is performed, for good or worse. Religion, on the other hand, gives meaning to human activities in this pursuit, politics inclusively. This is because the human person has a natural end in whose to cause politics proper belongs. However, the human person also possesses a supernatural end to which religion substantially contributes. Religion thus elevates the human earthly strivings to a transcendent level.
Page(s): 165-169 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
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This study used a metaphor of a tree ‘taproot’ and its emergent ‘fruits’ to explored conflicts between teachers and school administrators in Selected Primary Schools in Chilenje Zone of Lusaka District. Qualitative research approach anchored on a Case study design with a sample size of 30 participants from 5 primary schools was applied. Key Findings revealed that absenteeism, late reporting for work, inadequate communication, lack of resources, favouritism, not observing time within schools, beating of learners and delays in submitting teaching files were sources of conflict in primary schools. Resultant effect of conflict on teaching and learning processes included: poor results from the school, frustrations by both teachers and school administrators, lack of school development and lack of proper learner direction in schools. The study recommended Ministry of General Education to (i) introduce peace and conflict studies in primary schools, (ii) District Education Board Offices to organise seminars to improve good working relationship, (iii) conflict resolution strategies to be taught in schools as a way of addressing grievances, and (iv) engage teachers in decision making processes
Page(s): 170-178 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
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Generally, urban renewal otherwise known as urban redevelopment is not only a veritable social gentrification technique to make life safe, more secure and comfortable for the urban dweller but also to address challenges of the bursting rate of urbanization in developing countries. In Nigeria particularly Ekiti State where urban centres are characterized by a dominant feature of poor infrastructure deplorable state of the road and increasing demand for urban services made the state to experience various urban renewal programs overtime. This made the appraisal of the various programs with the hope of determining the effectiveness and efficiency as the aim and objectives of the paper. The method of the study involved the use of observation, interview and distribution of questionnaires relevant professions of built environ for the primary data while the secondary data were sourced from various journal papers. The finding of analysed data revealed that some of these renewals were justified while others were not due to lack of proper planning and implementation. Therefore, the paper called for robust urban renewal planning process that will take into consideration the participation of all stakeholders.
Page(s): 179-183 Date of Publication: 19 May 2021
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The objectives of this study are 1). To analyze the effect of ability, motivation and ability simultaneously on employee performance at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Palu Area. 2). To analyze the effect of abilityon employee performanceat PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. 3). To analyze the influence of motivationon employee performanceat PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. 4). To Determine the effect of opportunityon employee performanceat PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. 5). To analyze the influence of Islamic performance culture in moderating ability to employee performanceat PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. 6). To analyze the influence of Islamic work culture in moderating motivation towards employee performanceat PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. 7). To analyze the influence of Islamic work culture in moderating opportunities for employee performance at PT. Bank Syariah MandiriPalu Area. The population in this study were permanent employees of PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri in Palu Area, with a total sample of 100 employees, using the MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) analysis tool. From the research results found 1). Abilities, motivation and opportunities simultaneously positive and significant effect on employee performance. 2). Ability positive and significant effect on performance. 3). Motivation positive and significant effect on employee performance. 4). Opportunity positive and significant effect on employee performance. 5). Islamic work culture can moderate the influenceability to employee performance.6). Islamic work culture can moderate the influencemotivationto employee performance.7). Islamic work culture can moderate the influenceopportunityto employee performance.
Page(s): 184-198 Date of Publication: 20 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5409Download PDF
With the ever-changing world, most systems of education around the world ended up focusing more on classroom learning. They avoided Community- based learning models and approaches that used to be there before, especially in the African community setting. Many institutions in Kenya have adopted the Community- based learning in fostering high-quality learning to the students. According to government directive in the post-Covid 19 era, there is a need for Community- based learning enhancement to makes sure learners acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and competencies while they are at home. The community-based programs help learners to develop personal skills, strengths, interests and increases awareness of how it can be used to benefit students learning and planning for their future. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of community-based learning while reviewing its application in the Kenyan situation. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of community-based learning on learners’ self-awareness; examine the effect of community-based learning on learners’ interpersonal skills; investigate the effect of community-based learning on learners’ volunteerism and to establish the effect of community-based learning on learners’ academic development. To collect data, the researcher relied on past studies and also evidence from countries that had implemented community-based learning. A desk review was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select the articles. The study involved a review of more than 20 articles touching on community -based learning and education without specifying the education level to which the studies were done or sector. The review has shown that, indeed, community-based learning can be effective if appropriate interventions enable students and the community to progress. This article used survey information to provide a qualitative assessment of the effect of community-based learning crossways several fields such as academic, communication, and skills of critical thinking. However, not all courses can be taught in a community education setting. Still, the knowledge gained from that setting is applied to specific courses like environmental and health associated ones. Discussions and findings provide new perspectives on developing relevant community-based programs. This paper looks at the community-based learning effectiveness and its application in the Kenyan education situation.
Page(s): 199-205 Date of Publication: 21 May 2021
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The purpose of this study was to analyse how teacher cognition influenced how English language teachers taught and tested English grammar in selected secondary schools of Luanshya District. The objectives were to; analyse how teacher cognition influenced how teachers understood and taught English grammar and to analyse how teacher cognition influenced how teachers tested English grammar. The study was purely qualitative and the study sample consisted of six schools and from those schools, 12 participants were purposively sampled. The 12 participants included 2 teachers of English from each school. Data was collected through class observations, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings from the first objective showed that the teachers understood grammar to be the rules of the language. Their understanding and beliefs about grammar were reproduced in their classrooms as they taught grammar. Teachers taught grammar systematically and explicitly using deductive techniques such as teacher exposition and question and answer. They also believed in rule explanation, the use of metalanguage and frequent correction of errors. In testing of how grammar should be tested, teachers believed that grammar should be tested explicitly using written assessments in form of transformations, fill in the blanks and complete the sentence exercises. Class exercises analysed through document analysis were consistent with teachers’ cognition about testing of English grammar. Conclusively, the study showed that there is a connection between how teachers understand grammar and how they teach and test it. In view of the findings, the study recommended that teacher trainers should teach various forms of grammar and expose student teachers to various ways of assessing English language grammar beyond manipulation of grammatical rules. Moreover, secondary schools should organize Continuous Professional Development programs for teachers to improve their cognitions for successful implementation of the curriculum.
Page(s): 206-217 Date of Publication: 21 May 2021
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Since the genesis of the industrial revolution, finance has proven to be a powerful fuel for human progress. Accordingly, the purpose and existence of a global financial system alludes to allotting global savings to their most appropriate and productive use. This has corroborated various international efforts that reflect on the impacts of climate change and foster the ambition to adopt socially and environmentally responsible investment instruments. Green finance, a relatively nascent finance initiative has been hailed for its potential in attaining the needs of environmentalism and capitalism in tandem. This paper reviewed the potential of green financing as an initiative that could lead to a sustainable recovery from corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), and hence achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The study unveiled that COVID-19 is both related to the SDGs and part of the research to attain the same. Though the world has been confronted by COVID-19’s asymmetric economic, fiscal, social and health impacts, green financing could hasten recovery from socio-economic disruptions of COVID-19 if concerted policy actions and the various proposed global recovery packages that prioritizes green policy choices are implemented. Green financing is compatible with both the climate goals and the low emissions transition agenda. Thus, its promotion of environmental protection, speeding up structural environment towards a low-carbon transition, increasing the society’s resilience to shocks and reducing future risks could lead to the achievement of at least 50% of the aspirational SDGs.
Page(s): 218-225 Date of Publication: 21 May 2021
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The novel Corona virus disease which was discovered in 2019 posed a worldwide threat when WHO declared it as pandemic. This brought many woes to the people across the globe and Ghana was no exception. To ascertain the impact of the corona virus on the ordinary Ghanaians, secondary data was collected on the incidence of the virus on the Ghanaian economy and trend analysed. It was found that there was an exponential increase in incidence of the virus. Also, using a structured questionnaires data was collected from Ga East Municipal of the Greater Accra on the socioeconomic activities of the individuals and how the corona virus affected them. It was found out that the income levels of these people were both positively and negatively affected. Probit regression results shows that those who are educated and enlightened, male respondents, those with children and those who are self-employed had their income negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Only those who employed in a particular occupation and price of facemask had a positive effect on the income levels of these individuals. It is recommended that government and international agencies come to the aid of the people within this area and the nation at large to help alleviate this canker in order to avoid its further spread.
Page(s): 226-233 Date of Publication: 22 May 2021
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This study investigated the influence of peer counselling on social adjustment and academic achievement of students of University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa in the Western Region of Ghana. Two hundred and forty (240) peer counselled and non-peer counselled respondents were sampled randomly for the study. Related literature on peer counselling, social adjustment and academic achievement were reviewed. The research designs used for the study were ex-post facto and correlation research designs. Data collection instruments were self-developed questionnaires on the influence of peer counselling on social adjustment and academic achievement. Instruments’ reliability co-efficient was 0.92. Data were analysed by Pearson’s product moment correlation statistics and independent sample T-test. Documentary analyses on students’ academic records were also conducted. The findings of the study were that peer counselling; improves social adjustment and academic achievement of students’, peer counselled students had increased academic achievement than their non-peer counselled counterparts. Finally, there was no significantstatistical difference in the social adjustment of students in terms of gender. It was therefore recommended that universitymanagement and Counsellors should intensify peer-counselling programmes in universities.
Page(s): 234-244 Date of Publication: 22 May 2021
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This paper contends that the numerous laws enacted in Kenya from colonial to post-independence periods have been the primary cause of women’s marginalisation in the private and public spheres. The Luo of Central Nyanza, for example, faces challenges in ensuring the active and equal participation of women in social, economic, and political matters, which is the cornerstone of this paper. As a result, this research aims to look at the impact of cultural image on gender relations among the Luo of Central Nyanza from 1945 to 1963. Furthermore, the authors argue that colonialism aided in the breeding of gender inequality among Luo men and women in Central Nyanz a, as evidenced by disparities created by missionary-sponsored schools in which boys were given preferential treatment. On the economic front, British colonial policymakers permitted men to grow cash crops while women were left to grow subsistence crops for family consumption with little to sell for economic growth and empowerment. Many young men with colonial education, such as Oginga Odinga, Achieng Oneko, C.M.G. Argwengs Kodhek, and others, were at the forefront of local and national politics Central Nyanza, at the expense of young women, except for a few, such as Grace Onyango and Grace Ogot. They acquired formal education under challenging circumstances. To elaborate on the essence of gender disparity practices spearheaded during colonialism and their effect on men and women’s social, economic, and political endeavours among the Luo of Central Nyanza, the authors used primary data from the Kenya National Archives as well as field information from informants interviewed in the current administrative counties of Siaya and Kisumu.
Page(s): 245-252 Date of Publication: 22 May 2021
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A leader will be tested for his skills when faced with unfamiliar situations. Changes in this situation will make leaders move from their comfort zone and be forced to face changes that are not in accordance with what was expected. This challenge creates problems and can even threaten the position of the leader. But one thing is certain, everyone must depend on the leader and a leader must find ways to meet the many expectations of him. The purpose of writing this paper is to describe how the Moral of Educational Leadership Based on Religion, Philosophy, Psychology, and Sociology The essence of leadership in the view of Islam is a mandate that must be carried out properly and accounted for not only in the world but also in the presence of Allah in the afterlife. According to the Philosophical Foundation the moral leader can do a job or oppression based on a deep way of thinking so that the negative and positive sides are really taken into account. According to the Psychological Basis, a person’s moral leadership style influences the process of living his daily life, because it is the basic human nature from birth to death. According to the Sociology Foundation, moral educational leadership based on sociology is much influenced by the social conditions of society and its institutions. The application of moral leadership in an institution, especially in education, becomes a barometer for an institution to achieve success or not, because each leadership model that is applied has its own implications for the educational process carried out and the output produced.
Page(s): 253-256 Date of Publication: 22 May 2021
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The study investigated the possible causes regarding the decline of students’ academic performance in Religious Education in the national examinations. From the findings it is clear that Religious Education (RE) teachers are not aware that there has been a shift in the teaching of the subject from the phenomenological approach to the interpretive approach. Teachers’ inadequate knowledge and competency about the approach to be used necessarily affects the way in which they teach and assess, hence eventually affecting negatively the students’ academic performance. In order to improve the academic performance of students, all relevant stakeholders have to work together as a team.
Page(s): 257-265 Date of Publication: 25 May 2021
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This study was grounded in the constructivist paradigm and guided by Vygotsky theory to understand and analyse description of phenomena relating to preservice preparedness in inclusive pedagogies. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to construct a shared essence of lived experiences of how pre-service teachers are prepared in inclusive pedagogies. Purposive sampling was employed to select Six participants; two females and four males in their third and final year of secondary teachers diploma studies. Data were generated through phenomenological observation, semi structured and focus group interviews. It was later analysed through phenomenological reduction in which transcription of verbatim were clustered into themes by horizontalisation, creating meaningful units and developing textural descriptions. The findings from participants’ essences reveal that; Developing inclusive pedagogies among pre-service teachers demands a recognition and welcoming disposition towards diversity. The challenges in their practices were drawn from demand for planning time, practice & commitment, Overcrowded classrooms, poor modelling of the practice from lecturers to identifying learner diversities in a classroom. Theory lessons in teacher education systems should pursue core features of growth mindset, values and norms that embrace social justice. These lessons should also be linked to practicum components of the peer, school visitation observations and field based platforms of preparing pre-service teachers as a way of modelling what we teach.
Page(s): 266-273 Date of Publication: 25 May 2021
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Novelty is a good idea if the innovations favor humanity, however it is doom when the innovation is against humanity. The latter has been the case with novel covid-19, a disease that has rocked the world affecting even the sacred place, the alter. This paper therefore empirically discusses the state of events in the phase of the pandemic both spiritually, socially and economically. Specifically, it discusses how, inter alia, elements of worship, interactions and traditional African religious activities have been put into a state of unknown. The paper endeavors to achieve this through reviewing relevant literature in the area of focus. The paper concludes that governments, especially Kenyan in this case, have found themselves in a state of dilemma in dealing with this pandemic which affects all spheres of life. Therefore, as hope for the nation religious fraternity ought to continue praying for the nations and more so the medical fraternity for a solution to attained.
Page(s): 274-277 Date of Publication: 26 May 2021
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Social insurance programmes differ from private insurance in several ways. Firstly, the contributions are normally compulsory and may be made by the insured’s employer, by the state, as well as by the insured himself. Benefits are also not as strictly tied to contributions as is the case with private insurance. For example, to make the programmes serve certain social purposes, some contributors are included among the beneficiaries even though they may not have contributed for the required period of time. Next, benefits may be increased in response to the rising cost of living, which reduce the amount between contributions and benefits. The main objective of this study is to discuss and describe the current issues and challenges of social insurance qualitatively.This method provides an overview of further understanding pertaining to the phenomena faced by Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) as administer social insurance in Malaysia.
Page(s): 278-281 Date of Publication: 26 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5410Download PDF
Ethnic politics in Nigeria’s political system have come to be a tragic and constant in Nigeria’s political system; where one must belong to the mainstream of ethnic politics for political relevance. Without any form of prejudice, it is a fact that Nigeria is a multi-ethnic state with differences in its socio-political and economic development all of which have resulted in conflicts and counter conflicts. It depicts attachments to the sub-national ethnic groups which threaten to undermine national integration and therefore divide the nation. Significantly, ethnicity in Nigeria was orchestrated by a long period of colonialism, a period which witnessed the ascendancy of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria to the socio-political domination of other ethnic groups. It was a period when the three major ethnic groups were used by the colonialist as a pedestal for the distribution of socio-political and economic goods. Using a mixed method, this work argues that Nigeria’s political problem hinges on the negative consequences of ethnic politics. The paper concludes that if Nigeria’s political system must progress, it must be anchored on the need for the review of the constitutional and political structure of Nigeria to restore healthy political competition as opposed to the existing outdated political mechanism imposed on Nigeria by the military under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Page(s): 282-289 Date of Publication: 26 May 2021
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The study tempts to explain the effect of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth of Nigerian deposit money banks. The main objective of this identify the effect of dividend of policy on shareholders; wealth. The study used secondary as method of data collection, the date was collected from annual report of deposit money banks listed on Nigerian stock exchange for the period of 10 years. Praeson correlation and regression analysis were used to explain the outcome of the study. The study identify that has both positive and negative effect on shareholders’ wealth of Nigerian deposit money banks. .
Page(s): 290-296 Date of Publication: 26 May 2021
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The study explored the undergraduate student teachers’ attitudes towards the use of the Google Classroom remote online teaching and learning. The qualitative research approach was employed and the Technological Acceptance Model was used to guide the research. The research participants were drawn from undergraduate full-time, final year students at one selected state university in Zimbabwe. The research participants comprised seventeen females and three male students. The study was necessitated by the need to establish cross-cutting issues in the use of Google Classroom in the Covid 19 era. The research study used online questionnaires which were administered through the WhatsApp platform. (Makurumidze, 2020). The research found out that students generally liked the Google Classroom application but formed some negative attitudes based on accessibility, affordability and flexibility. The study recommends financial and material support to cushion the student teachers in accessing data bundles and compatible gadgets for use in the Google Classroom. The study further recommends the training of students in the use of the Google Classroom.
Page(s): 297-304 Date of Publication: 27 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5411Download PDF
This study was carried out in Oku, Bui Division, North West Cameroon with the aim of examining the uses of four selected Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) (Fuel wood, Alpine bamboo, Honey, and Bushmeat-Rodents) by households. Data were collected from randomly selected 400 households in 8 villages using semi-structured questionnaire. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Fuelwood was most exploited by Households (80.75%), followed by Alpine bamboo (68.5%), Honey (50%) and Rodents (38%). A great number of households exploited all the four NTFPs under review (20.75%). Just a few households collected only one NTFP (24.25%) while 75.75% collect at least two NTFPs. NTFPs were mostly collected in the households for both consumption and commercial purposes (90.5%), while 9.5% were collected for consumption purposes only. No households indicated that they collected NTFPs for commercial purposes only. The NTFPs were mainly used by Households for food, medicine, construction, culture and as tools, with “tools only” being the greatest use. From field findings, it can be concluded that respondents could not do without these NTFPs in their daily domestic activities as they serve as sources of food, medicine, income and thus means of livelihood. We therefore recommend that households should exploit sustainably and the government and NGOs should keep educating households on more sustainable ways of using the forest.
Page(s): 305-311 Date of Publication: 27 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5412Download PDF
This study was on the impact of insurgent activities on government senior secondary education in Borno and Yobe States. Three purpose of the study with three corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population comprised of 2600 teaching staff and 276 administrators for Borno and 957 teaching staff and 123 administrators for Yobe State. The sample was randomly selected among the senior secondary schools in those areas while the sampling technique used was proportionate stratified sampling. The instrument used for data collection was “Impact of Insurgents’ Activities on Senoir Secondary Schools in Borno and Yobe States Questionnaire (IIASSSBYQ). The reliability of the instrument was .825. The findings of the result revealed that Students were reluctant to go school for fear of insurgency (.768). Also, the coefficient of influence of insurgency activities on students enrolment reveal that forceful recruitment of student as child soldiers and suicide bombers by insurgency lower enrolment in my school (.817). Conclusions and recommendations were made among which are Nigerian Government should address the root and symptom of the problem by eradicating poverty, providing employment to the people and enhancing security efforts. Government should ensure that there is equity and transparency in the distribution of resources and maintain justice and fairness in resolving conflicts.
Page(s): 312-318 Date of Publication: 27 May 2021
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The dynamics of the global regional and national strategic environment have an impact on the emergence of various threats, both actual and potential. The country must prepare for all the possibilities that occur, including preparing for a total war involving all human resources. Pancasila as the Indonesian ideology is one of the most important resources in binding the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian people in organizing the Total War, so that Pancasila as the state ideology is deemed necessary to always be maintained, maintained and continuously optimized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the “Total War Strategy through Optimizing the Values of Pancasila.” The research method used is descriptive qualitative method using secondary data sources in the form of previous research journals, books, documentation, news, internet and others. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the total war strategy includes including all levels of society in state defense activities in accordance with the practice of the 4th precept of Pancasila. Providing information about defending the state, and providing equal treatment to protect and provide security for all Indonesian people in accordance with the 2nd principle. The TNI together with the Government jointly provide protection for the community based on the principles of democracy, human rights and non-discrimination which is in accordance with the value of the 5th principle. Therefore, the values of Pancasila must be maintained and optimized to create a country that is safe and peaceful, a society that lives peacefully and is also prosperous.
Page(s): 319-321 Date of Publication: 27 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5413Download PDF
The background of this paper recounts the superiority of the guerrilla war strategy carried out by Prince Diponegoro in his war against the Dutch East Indies army. Prince Diponegoro and his troops won this battle, because in addition to his war strategy, this war was also supported by various resources in the Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. The purpose of this research is to emulate the spirit of fighting spirit and nationalism of Pangeran Diponegoro in order to defend his people and maintain the integrity and sovereignty of his country. In addition, this study aims to further enhance the spirit of defending the State for the Indonesian people with the support of current technological developments. This research method is a qualitative approach, the type of research is history, especially the roles and figures of past struggles whose names are still remembered in the present and in the future. The results showed that the guerrilla warfare that was applied by PangeranDiponegoro had its existence today and in the future, which could still be emulated. However, it is necessary to modernize the equipment of the Indonesian armed forces, as well as improve the guerrilla warfare strategy, so that it does not take place conventionally in accordance with the increasing development of the latest technology. The existence of state defense forces needs to be maintained, but the material needs to deepen the understanding of state defense including material on religion, ideology, and the latest technological developments..
Page(s): 322-329 Date of Publication: 27 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5414Download PDF
Production of green maize in Liberia, Philippines, and other part of the world serves as a whole three fundamental purposes where cobs are consumed directly as food, livestock feed and vegetable oil. This research was performed to determine the yield and yield parameters of maize varieties and mungbean, cropping systems, and inoculation. The research was laid-out under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three open pollinated varieties of maize (IPB Variety 6, IPB 1910 and Los Baños Lagkitan) intercropped with mungbean (Pag-asa 7), and inoculation (Mykovam ®) under 14 cropping systems. Plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Light attenuation (k) were measured as agronomic parameters. Weight of unhusked ear-1, marketable ear, ear-1 length, number of kernels ear-1, and a hundred (100) kernels weight were measured as yield parameters of maize. IPB Variety 6 stands as the exceptional variety for growth, yield and productivity, with the highest yield among the three maize varieties. There was better grain quality in the intercropped with inoculation than monocropped and un-inoculated intercropped. Los Baños Lagkitan intercropped mungbean and Mykovam inoculation achieved the highest crude protein among the three varieties in the research
Page(s): 330-337 Date of Publication: 28 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5415Download PDF
The central focus of this study was to ascertain Business Sustainability through Change Management Case Study: Rokel Commercial Bank (RCB) within the banking industry in Sierra Leone. Rokel Commercial Bank, like other Banks, has undergone and is currently undergoing a series of significant changes, mainly due to competition, continuous value addition and emphasis on customer satisfaction and profitability. Present trends show a sense of urgency on the part of the Bank to revitalise a system that is able to provide sustainable banking services, this means employees are expected to adjust their thinking and practices to respond to the changing needs and expectations of customers. The study spanned approximately 5 years and the data was gathered from 58 employees who were randomly selected from a population of100 to provide answers with aid of questionnaires and interviews, while descriptive tools were applied for data analysis. Findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between Change Management and Organisational sustainability at RCB. These understandings help employees accept, facilitate and support the change, making it become lasting and also improve employee performance and sustainability. This study recommended that the guiding principles for change programs should be undertaking by a strong team that adopts a flexible change management techniques.
Page(s): 338-344 Date of Publication: 28 May 2021
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The study examined the impact of the lending and deposit rates in the face of deregulation on the loans and advances of deposit money banks in the country covering the period of 1986 to 2019 using annual time series data. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, findings from the study revealed that the deregulation of interest rate in Nigeria encouraged the disbursement of loans and advances within the economy, but it was however not significant. In addition, the study found that the policy led to an inverse relationship between deposit rate and loans and advances in the country. Higher deposit rates significantly discouraged deposit money banks from granting loans and advances. To ensure that interest rate deregulation has a much significant effect on the loans and advances of deposit money bank, the deregulation of the sector must be full, as against the partial deregulation being presently practiced, to encourage the desired level of competition which would spur the growth of the sector, and ultimately expand credit facilities for the Nigerian economy.
Page(s): 345-352 Date of Publication: 28 May 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5416Download PDF
Sri Lanka is still a developing/emerging country having an upper-middle income economy [87]. The vision of the entire country is expected to become a fully developed country in a short and reasonable time frame. In line with this vision, the level of maintenance of assets and facilities of the manufacturing and industrial establishments which contribute immensely to the national economy of the country must be enhanced and sustained. Manufacturing and maintenance industry performance today is inadequate, because of lack of standard policies and practices, mainly the absence of rich maintenance culture. The cultural deficiency mentioned above is one of the biggest contributors to this inefficiency. Thus, developing the maintenance culture is essential to increase the awareness about maintenance. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to critically review the existing literature of key organizational factors that affect the maintenance performance of manufacturing organizations, and consequently propose different approaches to resolve these issues and gaps identified from the perspective of research and practice. The method of the study used is the electronic database and the recognized journal articles. conferences, seminars, books, symposium proceedings, theses, and synthesized literature [30]. Reviews provide a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these factors in relation to the research problem being investigated. Such research studies are in Sri Lankan context so rare and difficult to find even in other developing countries. Under these circumstances, this theoretical exploration is very significant. The determinant organizational factors revealed in this exercise are technology and innovation, communication in maintenance, training and education, problem solving, planned maintenance, maintenance policy and strategy, organizational structure and fund allocation. These findings indicate that these determinants have positive relationship with maintenance performance. This review paper will make significant contribution to existing body of knowledge and to the business performance
Page(s): 353-366 Date of Publication: 30 May 2021
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Quality Antenatal care (ANC) is premised on early identification of risk factors and timely treatment to prevent maternal and neonatal mortalities. This facility based cross- sectional study evaluated the quality of history taken during Antenatal Care provision in selected clinics of Lundazi district, Zambia. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussion with ANC users and through observation during ANC visits. This study found that ANC history taken, lacked risk identification as illustrated by 68.3% of clients who reported not to have been probed on previous hypertensive disorders, still births, Antepartum haemorrhage and postpartum haemorrhage. Out of 12 clients with raised Diastolic Blood pressure of 110 and above, only 4(33.3%) of the clients were asked whether they had a headache and 5(42%) if they had experienced convulsions. None (0%) of those clients were asked whether they experienced epigastric pain, blurred vision or dizziness- to rule out pre-eclampsia. 70% of the clients were not asked how they felt from the previous visit to current visit and whether they felt fetal movements. Inadequate history taken at initial and subsequent ANC visits reduces opportunities for early identification and treatment of risk factors leading to maternal and fetal complications. Strengthening the quality of history taken during Antenatal contacts, improves provision of quality care to pregnant women.
Page(s): 367-370 Date of Publication: 02 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5417Download PDF
Presently, there is a trend particularly in western nations where higher educational institutions are focused on supporting student wellness as an aspect relevant to the overall academic performance of its students. This trend is justified due to studies which highlight a correlation between student wellbeing (especially mental health) and the academic success of students. Interestingly, this trend contrasts with the situation in Nigeria. Nigerian academic libraries are yet to adopt policies wherein the library plays a crucial role in promoting student wellbeing. This article explores this problem and seeks to suggest methods adoptable by the Nigerian academic libraries in order to promote student wellness during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Page(s): 371-376 Date of Publication: 02 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5418Download PDF
The objective of this study is to explore significant factors affecting behavioral intention and actual use of social media by the university students for educational purposes. Technology acceptance model (TAM) was employed as a research framework in this study. The study examined the research framework by structural equation modeling (SEM). The framework was experimented with the data obtained from 142 students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The findings of this research suggested that a) attitude(AT) and perceived usefulness(PU) have a direct and positive influence on behavioral intention(BI) to use social media by students for academic purposes, b) perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use(PEOU) have a direct influence on Attitude (AT) to use social media by students for academic purposes, and c) behavioral intention(BI) significantly influence on Actual System Use (AU) to use social media by students for academic purposes.The findings have a practical implication for educational institution to enhance the effective use of social media among the students for various educational purposes.
Page(s): 377-384 Date of Publication: 02 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5419Download PDF
Work life balance is becoming an important factor in the workforce choice of employer. The employee would like the opportunity to arrange their working time themselves and fit them in flexibility with current circumstance. The paper investigates the impact of flexible work model on the work life balance of workforce in Nigeria. The study draws its samples from a population of workforce within the banking sector. A sample of 50 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. Copies of questionnaires were administered to these respondents from which findings were deduced and analyzed using multiple regression tool of analysis. The study finds out that flexible work model has a significant impact on work life balance in Nigeria. This means that increase in one will lead to increase in the other. The study therefore concludes that employees are emotional being that needs the opportunity to balance their emotional feeling between family and work. The study recommends therefore that social securities that are necessities for human survival and decent living should be provided by the government so that the flexible work model can have a good moral soil to have a positive impact.
Page(s): 385-390 Date of Publication: 02 June 2021
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The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region of Bangladesh represents the close combination of the settlements of several indigenous communities, and the communities have the specific socio-economic tradition; the influence of colonial administration, national bureaucratic domination, neo-liberal promise, and frequent policy regulations in the issues relating to their right to the ownership of land. Considering the historical conflicts and reality, the area is composed of various voluntary and profit-based organizations that aim to provide livelihood and capacity enhancement support to the co-existing indigenous peoples. From the ground of the structural development initiatives and learning, the study examines the pattern of ongoing grassroots organizations led by indigenous people in the CHT, their limitations, and the initiatives taken by them. The paper aims to analyze the role of micro-organizational development in addressing the socio-political emphasis in the CHT during the study period (June 2018 to December 2019). Although the studied organizations are concerned with particular social needs and most of them are in the legal framework, the internal network has several concerns, including rights of land, language, empowerment, poverty, and gender, religion, and settlement issues in the CHT Adivasi context. The study was conducted in three CHT districts–Rangamati, Bandarban, and Khagrachhari–taking two upazilas (sub-districts) from each district. The study follows qualitative analysis; the grassroots organizations have been categorized on a sector-wise basis to explain the needs and functions of the organizations. Moreover, the study proposes the possible alternatives in the cohesion to the formation of inter-ethnic identity by analyzing the activities of the small-scale indigenous organizations in the CHT.
Page(s): 391-400 Date of Publication: 03 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5420Download PDF
The issue of sexual violence against sportswomen of different ages in the sports environment remains largely overlooked. The absence of the subject “sex education” in the primary school curriculum could be a main reason. The main objectives of our research is to understand the sexual violence in the context of the Tunisian culture as a gender social aspect. Also, due to the lack of studies that deal with this subject. an exploratory study is necessary to determine the extent of the phenomenon in Tunisia to understand it and to prevent it. Our hypothesis is that under-aged sportswomen who happen to be less educated and specialized in individual sports are more likely to be subjected to sexual violence. Through a questionnaire carried out on sportswomen aged from 14 to 30 years old in southern Tunisia, the results reveal that 68% of the sportswomen concerned by the study declared having suffered at least one case of sexual harassment in a sports environment. The age effect shows that sexual violence affects both minors and adults, but those who were minors at the time of the incident are much more vulnerable to such violence (85%). The average age at the time of the incident is 13.78 years old. In other words, the age group most affected by sexual violence is between 13 and 18 years of age. However, these acts occur regardless of the intensity of sports practice. No individual or collective sports discipline is immune from these acts. The results also make it possible to question representations of this phenomenon, however, with regard to the least educated sportswomen. This research is aimed at shedding light on, understanding and preventing this phenomenon in the Tunisian sports environment in order to review the strategy of university in high institute of sports for future educators, (teachers, coaches, managers, etc.) In this perspective, the highlighting of the important role that could be played by sex education in the school curriculum.
Page(s): 401-407 Date of Publication: 03 June 2021
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Every year, 295,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes globally, with almost all (94 per cent) of these maternal deaths occurring in developing nations. The purpose of this study is to determine the factor of poverty in the High Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Bauchi local government area of Bauchi State. This study used the focus group discussion instrument to generate primary data. Discussants were aware that poverty was responsible for maternal deaths in their community. It also discovered that virtually all the poverty alleviation programmes initiated by governments at all levels, both past and present, have had little or no impact on targeted groups. The implication is the alarming MMR being witnessed. The study therefore recommends re-designing, careful implementing and sustaining poverty alleviation programmes to empower people. Such policies should especially target poor women and rural populace to address poverty.
Page(s): 408-413 Date of Publication: 04 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5421Download PDF
This study examinedthe impact of public health spending on health outcome in Nigeria from 1981-2018. The importance of quality health in economic growth and development agenda have propelled nations (both developed and developing) in promoting health interventions through public spending on health in order to ensure improved quality health outcome. As a result study on the subject matter becomes apt. The specific objectives of the study is to; examine the impact of public health spending on health outcomes such as newborns protected against tetanus, tuberculosis treatment success rate and prevention of measles in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data; the data sets were subjected to ADF unit pre-test statistic. The data were analysed using ADF unit root test, Engel-Granger co-integration test and error correction mechanism (ECM). The ADF results revealed that the variables were integrated at order one and zero. Hence the study adopted ARDL bounds testing in order to capture the objectives of the study. The ARDL results show that there exist both long and short run relationship between the dependent and independent variables adopted in the study and across all the models specified in the study. Given the advantages of short run result over a long run result the study analysis relied on short run estimation. The results empirically obtained indicate that whereas PUHE, PVHE and FAH had positive impact of low magnitude, HEDU had positive impact of high magnitude on health outcomes in Nigeria. Given the empirical results, the study conclude that HEDU has more positive impact on newborns protected against tetanus, tuberculosis treatment success rate and prevention of measles via immunization in Nigeria, and thereafter recommend that more attention should be channeled to health orientation by educating the masses on benefits of health protection, prevention and promotion.
Page(s): 414-422 Date of Publication: 04 June 2021
DOI : 10.47772/IJRISS.2021.5422Download PDF
This study examined whether stock market performance instigates growth, using yearly data from the World Development Indicators and the Ghana Stock Exchange for the period 1990 to 2018. The Johassen co-integration and vector error correction model framework were applied to determine the long-run and short-run dynamics. The Granger causality test was used to estimate the link between the stock market and economic growth. The findings showed a statistically significant and negative long-run relationship between the stock market and the economic growth nexus. The Granger causality test results showed that there was no causality between stock market performance and economic growth. Hence, the study concluded that stock market performance does not promote growth in Ghana. The research provides pragmatic guidance to policymakers to focus their efforts on the information flow of exchange activities to the public space and start a nationwide informative tour to explain the roles and gains of investing in the exchange. Policymakers should also ensure that the exchange efficiency rate is activated by listing more firms.
Page(s): 423-429 Date of Publication: 04 June 2021
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