Wealth is one of the immeasurable blessings of Allah (SWT) that He bestowed human being with. There are various provisions for achieving the wealth. In human life earning plays an important role in making life meaningful. Theaim of this paper is to discuss on how Islam encourages and prescribe Muslim legal earning and forbid Muslim illegal earning. Based on the literature findings this paper intends to see the Islamic rulings pertaining legal and illegal income earning. It is very common now to see a Muslim who are able to differentiate between legal and illegal earning. However, it is a shocking phenomenon and a sad fact that a large number of Muslims now do not differentiate between the legal and illegal earnings. Some people are involved in earning money and seeking employments in undesirable occupations (Khan & Halal, 2010).This paper used a basic qualitative research design. All data are analyzed by using secondary data especially from the Qur`an as well as Hadith and related literature. The findings of this paper show that there is a prohibition of illegal earning in Islam as well as the encouragement of Islam to legal earning and a punishment for a person who engage himself on illegal earning.
Page(s): 01-04 Date of Publication: 11 August 2019
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Globalisation has not only left the people of the less developing countries and indeed Africa behind in its ever-evolving technology but has also invaded their cultures and dampened their morale and aspirations for sustainable development. It is factual that Africans must continue to live and survive in a globalised world characterised by uneven and unsustainable wealth creation, there is a need for them to adopt glocalisation policies in various aspects of their economies by adapting or customising global ideas to the local needs of the people. Nigeria is one of the developing countries where globalisation has resulted in uneven wealth generation, unsustainable development and multifarious social and economic dislocations. Globalization through human capital flight has instigated the migration human resources that would have served the interest of enthroning development in Nigeria. The paper argues that globalization which necessitated human capital flight can be glocalized through ensuring that most of the migrated professionals are afforded the ample opportunity to transfer the knowledge gained as a result of the migration to local professionals or students. The study equally argues that, Nigeria in the quest for an improved economic development can as well embark on trading of local professionals to countries in need of them, hence encouraging capital repatriation. The study is qualitative in nature as data was collected from the secondary source which includes, textbooks, journals, academic periodicals, newspapers, magazine and internet sources, while the neo-classical school, which introduced a degree of refinement to classical economic theory was adopted as the analytic tool. The paper revealed that, glocalisation policies can help in the maximaization of human capital flight for enhanced economic development by reducing the scourge of globalisation in the Nigeria. The study recommends that, Nigeria should ensure that capital repatriated is properly channeled to infrastructural development; encouragement of citizens migration to developed countries as a means of empowering the people for greater knowledge acquisition; Nigeria should endeavor to properly train her human resources to make the available for the market.
Page(s): 05-11 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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This paper defines the definition of Bureaucracy with its academic evaluation and impact of Bureaucratic hierarchy with the power of proactive participation of Bureau in Society. it clarifies the historical background and the rule of bureaucracy in structuring the Government Policies with its implementation plan. The goals of bureaucratic values in comparison of Modern debate on bureaucracy with its components. The power of Bureaucracy is focusing point to get limit the power and its critical values which reflects the wreck of the development and it moves to the personal confliction. The maximum misuse of power for attaining the personal targets is to misconduct the power and delivers the corruption at all levels. The bureaucratic hierarchy is redefined for the attainment of purposeful effects. The prime objectives of bureaucracy I to s put forwards the theoretical value so as to be instigated.
Page(s): 12-15 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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Introduction: – Climate change and climate variability are presenting new challenges that are threating human livelihoods and sustainability across the globe. Societies therefore need to find coping strategies that work for them to reduce the effects brought by climate change. The main aim of this study was to explore climate change friendly behavior among University students, in promoting Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13), both in campus and off campus. SDG 13 deals with climate action. Climate change is real and this calls for changes in our actions, attitudes and behavior. According to Smith (2015; 29) ‘achieving change in individuals and organizational behavior to meet the challenges of global environmental change will be seen as a defining benchmark for our generation’. Research has shown that societies globally have a basic understanding of what climate change is. The question however, is that with that knowledge, are people changing their behavior to address and reduce the impacts of climate change? This paper therefore addresses climate friendly behavior if any among University students both on-campus and off-campus.
Page(s): 16-20 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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This study focuses on the Impact of Training and Developments as A Tool for Achieving Organizational Objectives, The objective of the study was to find out how training and development of employees contribute to the achievement of the goals, assess how reward system as a human resource management practice influences performance, established how job design as a component of human resource management practices influences performance, and to identify the roles of training and development in achieving organizational goals. Based on the literature, the study recommends Training and development should be seen not only as of the thread that ties together all human resource practices, but also as the instrument for establishing and signaling when and how work practices should change. In other words, employees should take on the role of organizational change agents.
Page(s): 21-32 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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This study examined the Migration and Nigeria-South Africa relations. The theory that was adopted was the neoclassical theory of migration by Arango and two questions was raised. The ex-post facto research design was used while data for this study was through secondary source such as textbooks, journal articles, newspapers, magazines and internet. The findings of the study showed that Nigeria and South Africa have relations which include Nigeria – South Africa NEPAD Initiative, South African Companies as Big Players in the Nigerian Economy and The South Africa – Nigeria Bi-National Commission. In a similar manner the findings also showed that there are some factors that Nigerians to migrate to south Africa which includes; poverty, overpopulation family reunification and asylum. .Based on the findings the study recommended among others that Nigeria should provide robust and unrestricted relations with South African outside the relations that they have (NEPAD Initiative, Bi-National Commission etc) to other aspect of businesses and Nigeria must also forge strategic business alliance in South Africa to balance the unhealthy business equation. Furthermore, beyond the existing skewed bilateral and economic relations in favor of South African businesses in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for both countries to initiate a liberalized migration regime and a robust migration management capacity towards enhancing and strengthening the strategic role of Nigerians in the diaspora as development partner.
Page(s): 33-39 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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This paper discusses the writer’s experiences and position on language- in- education policy and planning in Ghana. It opens with an overview of language- in -education policy and planning in Ghana. It then looks at language-in-education policy situation in Ghana and a review of inconsistencies in the language-in-education policy in Ghana. The paper concludes with recommendations to aid policy makers to have effective implementation of language-in-education policy. The paper is based on a literature review and the author’s own experience.
Page(s): 40-43 Date of Publication: 13 August 2019
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The study sought to investigate the relationship between availability and utilization of library resources and students’ academic achievement in Public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The main objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of library resources and its relationship on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. Correlational research design was used in this study where secondary school teachers and students were involved. Non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample size for this study. Non-proportionate sampling technique was used to sample schools, systematic random sampling technique was used to sample students while teachers were sampled using purposive sampling technique. The Yamane simplified formula was used to calculate the sample size of 426 subjects which comprised 401 students and 25 teachers. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS). The data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. Findings from the analyzed data were presented as tables, figures and graphs. The study found out that most day secondary schools in the county had not availed library resources. The study concluded that availability and utilization of library resources had a relationship with students’ academic achievement. The study recommends that; libraries should be put up in every public day secondary schools to enhance students’ academic performance.
Page(s): 44-49 Date of Publication: 14 August 2019
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Students at the University tend to have different reasons for participating in sports. While at the international level concept such as participating in the Olympic games is a driver, in Kenya the reasons tend to be more varied and could be associate with the lower echelons of the Maslow hierarch. The study was carried out in Kenyan Universities where the researcher went out to find the factors involved in drawing student into the sports field. The study used a descriptive research design. 268 students were randomly sampled from students who participate in extramural games and 38 administrative staff of Kenyan Universities. A questionnaire was used to seek for reasons students’ participation in sports. The results indicate that public universities had more students attracted to extramural than the private universities in Kenya. Further, the students were asked to rank the reasons that attracted them to the sports fields. Fitness, recreation and enjoyment were ranked highest while national team selection was ranked lowest. The findings agreed with other findings that suggested that university students in Kenya are not driven by attributes that suggest playing at the highest level.
Page(s): 50-52 Date of Publication: 14 August 2019
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The study was set to establish the relationship between classroom equipment and students’ academic achievement in Public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The study was triggered by the fact that most of the secondary school students’ life in public day secondary schools is spent in classrooms. Classrooms therefore play a very vital role in students’ life in school. The main objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of classroom equipment and its relationship on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The production function model of education guided the study. The type of classroom equipment under study included; chalk and duster, chalk board/whiteboard, students’ chairs, teachers’ desks, classroom overhead projector, cupboards, wall notice, computer work station and teaching aid displays. The study adopted a correlational research design which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The sample size of this study was selected using non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The Yamane simplified formula was used to calculate the sample size of 426 subjects. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS). The data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. The finding of the study showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation (r=.144, n=377, p=.005) between availability and utilization of classroom equipment and student’s academic achievement, with a high level of availability and utilization associated to improved academic achievement among the students and vice-versa.
Page(s): 53-57 Date of Publication: 14 August 2019
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Main intention of this article is to analyse the importance of gender mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in in order to reduce the gap gaps and to enhance gender equality in the fields of adaptation methods, resilience actions and reduction of disaster risk. This study has used literature review method and relevant literature have been analysed based on descriptive analysis according to the purposes of the study. The purposive sampling method was used to select relevant literature. This study has been analysed under some major parts namely definitions of Disaster and its classification, Disaster risk and Disaster Risk Reduction, Mainstreaming gender for Disaster Risk Reduction. This study shows the significance of mainstreaming gender in Disaster Risk Reduction from the level of policymaking to community implementations.
Page(s): 58-63 Date of Publication: 14 August 2019
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Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Due to the geographical location and being a riverine country, it faces various natural disasters. Migration has become an adaptation and survival strategy when natural disasters strike and peoples’ livelihoods are damaged or threatened. Black et al. (2013) predicted that in Bangladesh alone, 26 million people would be likely to be displaced by 2050 as a result of floods and storms induced by climate change. In coastal and river bank regions, poor citizens rely on government support and assistance after losing their livelihoods. The Bangladeshi local government’s lowest tier Union Parishad is closest to the poor and vulnerable people. Union Parishad is the only service delivery institution in Bangladesh where impoverished people can easily access help and support. But historically, the Union Parishad has not provided adequate support to the vulnerable citizens during natural disasters. This research aims to support climate migrants and locally resettled victims of climate change by applying the Union Parishad budgetary intervention. Participatory Budgeting is a very successful method to establish financial democracy. The Brazilian intervention has been widely exported from Latin America all over the globe. This process is exceedingly beneficial to citizens as it requires their participation and involvement in the budget planning and formulation process. Thus, the budget is people-oriented. Since Bangladesh’s budget figures are hidden within unseen documents, the introduction of Participatory Budgeting within the Union Parishad budget cycle will allow the figures to be more transparent. This research paper also reveals how the Participatory Budgeting process will have an active role in reducing climate migration through the efforts of the Union Parishad and its citizen’s active participation. The study attempts to understand this topic and tries to establish Participatory Budgeting in Bangladesh in order to reduce poverty and climate migration.
Page(s): 64-78 Date of Publication: 14 August 2019
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Suicide is a desperate attempt to escape suffering that has become unbearable. Blinded by feelings of self-loathing, hopelessness, and isolation, a suicidal person can’t see any way of finding relief except through death. But despite their desire for the pain to stop, most suicidal people are deeply conflicted about ending their own lives. They wish there was an alternative to suicide, but they just can’t see one. Globally, suicide rates are highest in people aged 70 years and over. In some countries, however, the highest rates are found among the young. Worryingly, suicide is the second leading cause of death in 15-29 year olds globally. Suicide has become a menace in Kenya with rates going high by the day. This study was carried out among the Gusii people of Kenya which targeted secondary school students. The purpose of this study is to establish if students of secondary school have social interactions, friends, peers, relationships and feel burdensome to parents by secondary school students as this are predictors of suicide. The study utilized a qualitative research design and data was collected by use of questionnaires and data was analyzed by use of simple percentages The study revealed that majority of the students 70% of the respondents said that they spend time with friends at home and at school and 21% do not enjoy spending time with family or even with friends whereas 9% remained neutral. On how they feel with their peers 40 (26%) feel comfortable majority 99 (66%) do not like the idea of being with peers. The study gave recommendations based on the findings of what needs to be done to reduce the predictors of suicide.
Page(s): 79-83 Date of Publication: 15 August 2019
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Purpose: The main aim of this study was to motivate and raise interest of social science students and teachers in the use of learner centered approach and materials biased in Practical Geography topics, field research techniques in particular. Specifically, the study intended to assess the available challenges on teaching and learning social science subjects with the use of learner centered approach. And then came up with possible solution through designing materials reflecting competence based. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design was employed. Then, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed during data collection and analysis. The sample of the study included two secondary schools. One as an experimental, which was a boarding school, and the second as controlled which was day school, the two schools were purposively selected. Findings: The study revealed that the material designed and the approach used in the experimental school motivated the students in learning. Also, indicated that students of the experimental school showed considerable change in performance in the post-test compared to the students of the control school. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended; the government to consider social science teachers in the programs related to teachers’ professional development and improvement in case of any curriculum reforms. Team teaching should be encouraged so that teachers who are acquainted with the application of learner-centered approach could help those who are not. Furthermore, the study recommended other researchers use lessons from this study to improve teachers’ knowledge and skills on the use of learner-centered approach.
Page(s): 84-93 Date of Publication: 15 August 2019
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The paper was divided into two parts. The first part, deal with the general terms of rhetoric and it purpose, follow by Educational system in Nigeria, like primary, secondary and tertiary institutions, then The relationship between rhetoric and Education and end with the impact and importance of rhetoric as a course of study in the Nigerian Educational system. What students need to know about rhetoric is in many ways what they know already about the way they interact with others and with the world. Teaching the connections between the words they work with in the classroom and the world outside it can challenge and engage students in powerful ways as they find out how much they can use what they know of the available means of rhetoric.
Page(s): 94-98 Date of Publication: 15 August 2019
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Purpose: This research was about designing an intervention to enhance the quality of Geography teachers in Tanzania. The research was skewed in this topic because teachers’ professional development is often regarded as the key factor to student achievement. With these regards, professional development through in-service training needs to be considered as an important agenda to the country as well as to researchers. The present research captured this demand, through designing the teacher professional development program named as Experience the Lacked Knowledge Content and Pedagogical Skills (EKCPS). The main aim was to provide measures to upgrade teachers’ quality in teaching by experiencing them with their lacked knowledge content and pedagogical skills of practical Geography, so they use competence based approach in their teaching processes. Methodology: This research employed action research approach. Then, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed during data collection and analysis. In this research, sampling strategies were employed. Purposive non- probability sampling was used, to select the competent experts to participate in evaluating the newly designed EKCPS material. Then, randomly probability sampling was used to select 6 secondary schools out 44 secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality to participate in the workshop training. Afterward, the purposive sampling was used too to select 3 schools from those participated on the workshop training to the final cycle of field testing the designed EKCPS programme material in the classroom setting. Findings: The study revealed that the material designed and in-service training provided to teachers have positive impact to quality teaching. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended; the government to consider social science teachers in the programs related to teachers’ professional development and improvement in case of any curriculum reforms. Team teaching should be encouraged so that teachers who are acquainted with the application of learner-centered approach could help those who are not. Furthermore, the study recommended other researchers use lessons from this study to improve teachers’ knowledge and skills on the use of learner-centered approach.
Page(s): 99-114 Date of Publication: 15 August 2019
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This paper is on the History of revelation reference to the first and the last verses to be reveled in the Holy Qur’an, the paper also discussed various opinions of scholars about the initial revelation end last revelation, thereby expressing the wisdom behind piece – meal descending of Qur’an, then a conclusion.
Page(s): 115-118 Date of Publication: 15 August 2019
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Despite various efforts by the government and development partners in ensuring Education for All in Kenya, the participation of pastoralist communities remains a challenge. It is estimated that 104 million children are not enrolled in school or are enrolled but do not complete their course in sub-Sahara (Global Monitoring Report, 2010). This study investigated the sustainability of free primary education policy implementation in West Pokot County. The donor community, nongovernmental organizations, and the Kenyan central government have been using a lot of resources towards this goal. Surprisingly, for many years pastoralist communities have lagged behind in education despite the efforts that have been put in place. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of head teachers, students, parents and the County Director of Education in West Pokot County. The study involved 401 respondents which comprised of 300 students, 50 head teachers, 50 parents and 1 County Director of Education. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used to select respondents. This study adopted the pragmatist philosophical paradigm. Data was coded and analyzed with the help of computer package for social scientists. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics particularly frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. It is hoped that the results of this study provide an insight to the Ministry of Education, county governments, school managers, teachers and parents in West Pokot County, on the measure of emphasis to engage in to ensure a sustainable education policy for all the children of pastoralist communities in Kenya. The study recommends thatthe County Government needs to take a holistic approach to assess and address the needs of pastoralist communities, groups and individuals. Secondly County Governments should strive to put in place quality and quantity of instructional resources, regularly in-servicing teachers to improve their pedagogical skills and economically empower parents. The County Government should formulate policies and strategies that will govern financing of FPE program. Furthermore the County policy makers need to listen to the concerns and opinions of pastoralist .lastly the national government needs to increase the budgetary allocations to the schools in pastoralist counties to improve the quality and quantity of input such as instructional materials and physical infrastructure. Finally, a research of the same kind should be conducted in other Counties with similar pastoralist characteristic.
Page(s): 119-132 Date of Publication: 20 August 2019
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The purpose of this research paper is to examine and explore the stance of Islam and Christianity on gender equality as both religions are the predominant religions in the world. The research work critically explored the posits of the Quran and the Bible on gender equality. The magnitude of misinterpretations and misconceptions of the stance of both religions on gender equality is unimaginable. Certain religious interpretations by some patriarchal fundamentalist have masterminded the discrimination, dehumanization, and marginalization of women across the globe. Clarifying this obnoxious patriarchal-centric interpretation is the primary aim of this research work. A descriptive approach was used in data gathering. The nature of this research also warrants the use of qualitative methodology by exploring available literature that has interrogated issues on religion, gender, and patriarchy as a means of eliciting useful information on the issue under discourse. This research identified that though gender discrimination is rampant in the Islamic states but is not Islamic as it is against the teachings of Prophet Muhammed. Also, in the Western Christian stateswomen are not totally free from gender discrimination as women do not enjoy same right with their men counterparts. The teachings of Jesus as recorded in the bible has restored dignity to women which culture and traditions have equated to a domestic element. The research work concluded that the obnoxious patriarchal fundamentalist interpretations of the holy books are the rationale behind women’s marginalization, dehumanization and, victimization.
Page(s): 133-138 Date of Publication: 21 August 2019
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Domestic waste disposal system is recognized as an essential issue for environmental purity and pollution, which is related to health and hygiene of city dwellers. Waste generation is increasing in proportion to the rise of population, urbanization, industrialization, and with the change of lifestyle of people. Safe management and disposal of household waste has become critical phenomena of urban dweller for a sustainable and liveable environment. Sylhet city is a part of it, and the diverse local culture and beliefs influence the domestic waste disposal system, which now becomes a challenging issue of the urban environment. This study strives to investigate how the city dwellers dispose the domestic waste through conventional approaches as their existing knowledge, attitudes, and practices with changing context and needs. The researcher administered this study by using the qualitative approach, and data has been collected by applying in-depth interviews, observation, and case study methods. After eliciting data, it has been analyzed as research objectives and then turned it into the theme and concept of domestic waste management system. The findings of the study show that waste management efficacy is strengthened by urban dwellers mental setting that is constructed based on prevalent local and outer influences. The awareness concepts of cleanliness derive from various effective action as well as cultural beliefs and practices.
Page(s): 139-144 Date of Publication: 21 August 2019
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The general purpose of this paper aims at educating modern producers and users of the Dagomba Bim’mangli (smock) that the Bim’mangli (smock) is the main material culture that identifies chiefs and differentiates them from the ordinary persons. It, therefore, tries to promote peace among chiefs andbetween chiefs and the ordinary persons since misappropriations in dressing in the Bim’mangli at social gatherings can trigger conflicts. This study used oral interviews among Bim’mangli sewers, weavers and traditional folk historians to bring to bear some typical examples of Bim’manga (smocks) that are worn by Dagomba chiefs for their identities. It was revealed that Dagomba chiefs have different ranks within the chiefdom and the chiefs are symbolically differentiated among themselves and from ordinary people in social gatherings by the type, colour, number and size of Bim’manga (smocks) worn. It also depicted that wearing Bim’manga according to one’s personality promote peace since Bim’manga communicate the wearer’s personalities to the general public. Lack of knowledge and understanding of the indigenous aesthetics of the Dagomba chiefs’Bim’manga may cause some socio-cultural problems that could lead to conflicts. It has, therefore, become imperative to discuss and document the indigenous aesthetics of Dagombachiefs’ Bim’manga(smocks) and their implications for peace promotion in Dagbon.
Page(s): 145-153 Date of Publication: 22 August 2019
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Purpose: Investor’s psychology plays an important role in decision making process and actually it is the motive behind this study. The research has been conducted to check the impact of overconfidence bias on investment decisions and how risk tolerance mediates their relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey questionnaire was adopted and validated through pilot data (α = .911). Convenience sampling was used to select the investors from Islamabad and Lahore stock exchanges. Overall 400 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 283 returns with 70% response rate. A simple regression analysis was done to predict the relationship between the concerned variables using SPSS 23.00. Findings: The finding of the study indicates that overconfidence biashas a positive relation with investment decisions. Further it is also found that risk tolerance mediates their relationship. Originality/Value: The behavior of investor deviates from making logical or rational decisions and get influenced by overconfidence bias. This bias influences the investor’s rationality in decision making. Limitations/Future Research Directions: Limited sample size, the use of less advanced analytical tool, less generalizability and overconfidence biasare certain limitations of current study. For future studies, it is suggested to conduct the longitudinal research along advanced analytical techniques to achieve more rigorous and robust findings.
Page(s): 154-160 Date of Publication: 22 August 2019
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of preparedness of trained Geography teachers from Universities of Kenya and Diploma Colleges towards participation in pedagogical activities. The study was based on Shulman Lee, 1987, model of knowledge growth in pedagogy. It adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design. In all, 10 heads of department, 30 Geography teachers and 160 students were drawn from a target population of 691 respondents for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires for Geography Teachers and interview schedules for the Heads of departments to investigate the feeling towards preparedness in pedagogy. An observation checklist was used to investigate the types of teaching and learning resources used in the form (3) and (4) Geography lessons. Descriptive statistics in the form of a percentage, frequencies, tables, and ranks were used to analyse data. Major findings of the study were that, most of University trained Geography teachers feltnot well prepared for classroom difficulties and also faced challenges in the procedure of utilization of instructional technology in the teaching/ learning process. It was also noted that most of diploma trained teachers had been effectively oriented in pedagogical activities and on the proper procedural use of instructional resources but follow- up mechanism like in-service training was inadequate. Based on research findings, the study recommended all personnel involved in the teacher training programme should be teachers in the profession. They should be qualified teachers especially in student-centred pedagogy and in particular in universities of Kenya if the Ministry of Education has to have competent teachers teaching in secondary schools. Therefore, there is a need to review the existing structures and practices of conducting teacher education. It further recommended, in order to manage emerging probable challenges in particular pedagogical technological issues and use of ICT in teaching and learning of Geography in secondary schools, there is a need to conduct regular in- service for all teachers, research and investing adequately in teacher education.
Page(s): 161-167 Date of Publication: 22 August 2019
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Survival was their first objective; testing apartheid was their actual point. Apartheid was the Afrikaans word for apartness, which implied racial isolation and segregation authorized by the white minority on the nation’s dark, hued and Asian people groups. It wasn’t right and cruel, denying opportunity and hindering and crushing lives. Utilization of the word apartheid on the planet has expanded and diminished, alluding to pretty much whatever means partition. Coetzee has held the activities of modern linguistics-the printed turn in structuralism and post structuralism yet genuinely deals with good and political stress of living in, and with explicit recorded locale, that of contemporary South Africa. Coetzee was a philosophical visionary whose fiction graphically delineated breakup of decision, pragmatist fiction graphically represented breakup of decision, realist subject of colonialism yet who proposed – based upon whether the conflict has been grounded. Coetzee’s obviously angled commitment encapsulate their very own motion of resistance, explicitly a resistance to the possibility that writing must enhancement – as be in thrall to – a concurred history ‘out there’. Coetzee chips away at the rule that the novel ought not enhance history, however build up a place of contention with it. The play of chronicled powers nor a moral remain in the sweep for a thoughtful response to colonialism and politically-endorsed racial isolation. It is fundamentally thusly, a give examination of forming a role as resistance, creating that in the long run portrays the difference in defeat into generation line.
Page(s): 168-173 Date of Publication: 22 August 2019
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The study investigated the perception of administrative staff on job rotation on senior staff in the Registrar’s department of a satellite campus of a multi-campus public university in Ghana. The research was to find out why some senior staff in the registrar’s department were reluctant to change to a new department after job rotation whilst others willingly agreed. The study adopted a descriptive study design. The stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents from the Registrar’s Department. The study found that staff job rotation was perceived to be enhancing the effectiveness of senior staff in the registrar’s department, and maintaining balance in staff strength among departments. Respondents also perceived that job rotation helped to maintain balance in staff quality among departments. The study found that the perception of senior staff in the Registrar’s department on job rotation influenced their drive to work.
Page(s): 174-182 Date of Publication: 23 August 2019
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The paper provides a landscape of some of the main ethical concerns in educational research. The review argues that the ethical procedures not context-free but are dictated by considerable contextual judgement by the researcher. The paper therefore highlights some of the ethical dilemmas inevitably encountered when one intends to enact educational research on one hand, and reflects on some of the possible strategies to circumvent the ethical challenges, on the other. In discussing these strategies, I have illustrated that the achievement of a utopia of a fully ethical educational research is not only controversial but also an unresolved matter.
Page(s): 183-190 Date of Publication: 23 August 2019
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One of the core mandates of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is to promote a sound financial system in Nigeria, to this end; CBN is making consistent and well-focused policy thrusts to deepen and broaden financial system through ensuring a safety, efficient, and effective payment system. However, in performing this important task the CBN is confronted with many challenges which bedevil the banking system, more especially in the area of insider related frauds and other external ones; these have cost the banking industry billions of Naira. These fraudulent activities were exacerbated with the emergency of Information technology that revolutionaries the banking industry and ushered in electronic banking (e-banking) and electronic payment systems(e-payment) which have reduced the cost of banking transactions and increased the speed and the efficiency of transfer of funds and making payments. It is germane to mention that e-payment has brought in a hydra-headed problem in the form of cyber related crimes. And one of the CBN initiatives to tackle this problem is the introduction of Biometric Verification Number (BVN) which will be effective parameter to alleviate the problem of cybercrimes in the banking landscape. The paper will highlight different measures introduced in the banking sector by CBN through circular policy statements and directives to the banks with the aim to reduce to the barest minimum fraudulent activities in the banking sector, then analyze the positive impacts of BVN on the sector, the challenges being faced to implement the policies, furthermore to incisively pinpoint some of the strategic weapons deployed by CBN and other stakeholders to tackle the challenges.
Page(s): 191-197 Date of Publication: 23 August 2019
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Tourism is believed that one of the most rapidly emergent fields in the world. By this study, it is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge ensuring the sustainability of any venture in relation to tourism. Through this paper, researchers try to examine how the tourism industry impacted the emerging economies in the world. Tourism can be pointed out considering two aspects as the role of tourism as a foreign exchange earner and employment provider for communities. In this study, it was considered a tourism implication for the community. By 1960s, many peripheral tourist destinations were subject to socio-economic and cultural changes of which some are beneficial but some are not. The main focus of this study is to do a critical inquiryabout the scholarly views, extracted information from useful sources such as definitions, concepts, keywords, and theories related to socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with tourism. These various experiences have turned the world tourism industry to a key position shaped by many factors. And in this investigation researchers have tried to gather the scholarly views to a certain place as to facilities other researchers to re-think the industry development in the journey of sustainable tourism development
Page(s): 198-208 Date of Publication: 24 August 2019
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In spite of the strides of many countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger, achieve food security and promote sustainable agriculture; the problem of food security still persists in sub-Saharan Africa. Food security is compounded by high food prices, natural disasters, and may even be further exacerbated by global increase in demand for food, fodder and bioenergy crops, climatic variability as well as the depletion of natural resources. Using a mixed-method approach this paper assesses the role of Non-Governmental Organisations towards attaining food security in the Tolon District of the Northern Region of Ghana. The findings suggest that while there have been conscious efforts by NGOs in relation to food security they do not align to the perceived problems of food security of the farmers. As a result, there is a problem with regards to community ownership of projects, leading to the unsustainability of these projects. It is recommended that NGOs and the local government should work together to streamline projects and interventions to the specific needs of the people.
Page(s): 209-217 Date of Publication: 24 August 2019
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Rural industrialisation practice, so far, lacks a comprehensive view of factors militating against rural; development, industrialisation and challenges. This study therefore evaluates the factors affecting rural industrialisation in Nigeria with a view to enhance it development. It looked at the problems and factors responsible for failure of rural industrialisation in Nigeria and analysed technical hitches of industrial development administration. The study also examined the effects of factors of identity, modernity, innovation social protection, shocks and vulnerability and sustainability on rural industrialisation and factors for industrial undertakings in rural area in Nigeria. It looked at industries in the homeland and consequences of industrialization on the home and the host regions. The study suggested measures of acceleration and sustainable rural industrialisation in Nigeria that include: improving incentives and services; investment in infrastructure, new management techniques, new technologies; good governance, human resources, and research and extension; and private sector service delivery; activation of credit, capital and land markets, development of industrial clusters and growth points, and to support urban links, stronger social protection; conflict resolution and management. The study made recommendations and concluded that in these circumstances, if new technology is to contribute to rural industrialisation, it must meet three challenges, and these include: identifying the most efficient mechanisms for providing information to people; setting technology development policies that distinguish among different types of rural household; and identifying a clear mandate and sustainable support for public research.
Page(s): 218-228 Date of Publication: 24 August 2019
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The problem in this research is the result of shooting soccer school students asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang City Tangah still low. Many factors lead to low hasiln shooting them is the eye-foot coordination. So the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of eye-foot coordination with the shooting soccer school students Asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang City. This type of research is correlational. The population in this study is a soccer school students Asco Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District Padang Citynumbering as many as 20 people. The sampling technique used total sampling. Thus the sample in this study amounted to 20 people. To obtain the data eye-foot coordination using test voley soccer wall. While the results of the test results obtained shooting shooting. Data were analyzed using product moment correlation. The research found thateye-foot coordination has a significant relationship and accepted as true by empirical results Asco shooting Football School students Padang Sarai Koto Tangah District, Padang Citywith the discovery rhitung 0.531> 0.444 rtabel and accounted for 28.20%.
Page(s): 229-232 Date of Publication: 24 August 2019
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Based on observations by the author in the field, that gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion in elementary school students 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman not run properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation to learn gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic movement of primary school students 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman. This type of research is deskriptive. The populations in this study were all fifth grade students of SDN 12 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman, numbering as many as 38 people. Samples were taken with total sampling, thus the number of samples is as many as 38 people. The type of data in the study of primary data, data collected by the researchers by distributing questionnaires to students who are chosen to be sampled. Data were analyzed with the level of student motivation achievement percentage of respondents with technique. The study states that intrinsic motivation acquired achievement level of 74%, are in the category of “Enough”. This means that students have enough intrinsic motivation to learn gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. Extrinsic motivation obtained the degree of achievement of 54%, are in the classification “Less than once”. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. currently on the classification of “Less than once”. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion. currently on the classification of “Less than once”. This means that students are less once or very low extrinsic motivation in learning gymnastic dexterity and rhythmic motion.
Page(s): 233-236 Date of Publication: 24 August 2019
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The paper examines the effect of capital adequacy on performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Banking sector is one of the most regulated sectors in any economy and the Nigeria Banking sector is not an exemption. This constant regulation is to minimize the bank failures and distresses. The study captures performance indicators and employed panel data made up of one hundred and eight observations comprising of nine cross-sectional units for period of twelve years. The collected data were estimated using Pooled regression effect estimation via Stata 2014 statistical package. Findings from the results showed a positive relationship between capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and return on assets (ROA). The study also found that there is a positive significant relationship between deposit to asset ratio and bank performance. The study concludes that capital adequacy improves performance of Nigeria deposit money banks. The paper recommends continuous monitoring of banks in line with capital adequacy for optimal performance.
Page(s): 237-243 Date of Publication: 25 August 2019
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Globally, attempts at secession are not new. Neither are the calls and agitations for secession new in Nigeria. The first actual instance of secession was in 1967 which led to the Nigerian civil war. There has been sustained quest for secession in our most recent history. However, such calls and agitations are seen by some as a monumental threat to the unity of Nigeria. The reason the Federal Military Government under General Gowon executed the civil war was to keep Nigeria one. Despite the unrelenting efforts of successive governments to keep Nigeria going as one, united and indivisible country, the calls and agitations for secession have been unrelenting too. There are others who hail such calls and agitations as grounded in legitimate concerns and express the hope that the leaders of Nigeria would incline their ears to critical and objective listening to such calls and agitations. And yet, the issue of secession has never been seriously considered, nor has it been adequately given scholarly investigation although much has been written on the Nigerian civil war from different perspectives.
Page(s): 244-248 Date of Publication: 25 August 2019
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This study discusses the phenomena of aging, aging-associated needs, and challenges of healthcare provision in Africa from the perspective of African belief systems. African cultural heritage presents older adults as custodians of custom, and as people who are full of wisdom, representing the mirror through which the society sees. It is believed that older adults deserve some respect and should age in their homes. However, caring for older adults were reserved for women, but we argue that such an approach is not sustainable, and alternatives are needed. Older adults have peculiar healthcare needs, and as such, moral support alone will not be sufficient, as it appears to be the only thing that the family may be able to continue to offer. Thus, the study recommends institutional poverty alleviation in Africa as it remains a stumbling block to any meaningful innovation and change to lifestyle. Policy enactment and strict implementation guidelines, in addition to private sector participation, are crucial to tackling the issues of aging in Nigeria. Sensitization on aging-related matters can be accomplished by introducing gerontology and human services courses in primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher learning.
Page(s): 249-252 Date of Publication: 25 August 2019
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Rapid growth in suburbanization and the rapid expansion of urban population in contemporary times, especially in the global south have brought a lot of dynamic changes to urban areas and land values This study therefore focused on the determinants of land value in the University of Port Harcourt host communities.The study was purely a survey research and computation of raw data from field investigation was done. Purposive sampling techniques was used to select three host communities of the University of Port Harcourt while data analysis and testing of the validity of the research hypothesis was done through the aid of Bi-variate and multivariate analytical techniques. The student “T” test was used to test if there is significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The result of analysis shows that there is a strong positive relationship between land value and factors affecting land values, which are accessibility, land use, terrain and distance from nearest Central Business District (CBD). The researchers conclude that these variables contribute to land value in the study area and therefore recommends the need for government to embark on a well-thought-out sub urbanization scheme aimed at dispersing the over-crowded population of the city which will reduce rural-urban mass movement and lower the demand placed on urban land.
Page(s): 253-262 Date of Publication: 26 August 2019
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Emotions serve as signals in response to changing conditions and have an impact on behavioral responses to events. Emotional intelligence occurs as a result of the interaction between emotions and cognitions. . High emotional intelligence level is associated with successful leadership and intellectual capacity furthermore, maladaptive coping methods such as self-harm and also the frequency of depression are found to be higher if reparation is not utilized. The study was carried among 40 PhD students of Adventist University of Africa. The purpose of the study was to establish the student’s level of emotional intelligence as a predictor of successful leadership. The study managed to sample the whole cohort of Phd students. The results indicated that By paying attention to our feelings we learn how to get happiness and success in life, emotional intelligence matters just as much as intellectual ability does. 11(27.5%) out of 29(73%) do not usually worry about what they feel , 11 (27.5%) do not usually spend time thinking about their emotions, only 5(2.5%) do not think it pays to pay attention to their emotions. It further indicated that 8 out of 40 need to improve on clarity where as 19 out of 40 demonstrated having adequate clarity and 13 out of 40 indicated having excellent clarity in paying close attention to how they feel.
Page(s): 263-267 Date of Publication: 27 August 2019
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This is a case study on causes, impacts and adaptation to floods, and public institutions’ intervention towards reducing flood risk in the community of Alajo, a proletariat suburb of Accra in Ghana. Field data collection involved in-depth interviews and household heads questionnaire survey. Factors identified to be causing floods in Alajo include improper layout of buildings, improper waste management, lack of good drainage system etc. Flood incidents come with great cost to the community. The cost includes loss of property and human lives. Some of the adaptations and coping measures to flood disaster are temporal relocation, building of stone breakwaters, support from families and the government. Construction and de-silting of drains, clearing of buildings on waterways, public education and seminars are some flood mitigation measures being undertaken by government to curtail the problem. Good local governance and the construction of drainage systems are some sustainable approaches towards making the locality safe from floods.
Page(s): 268-278 Date of Publication: 27 August 2019
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Leadership is known globally for the most productive performance. Performance of organisations is directly affected by leadership styles. In Kenya the use of leadership styles is a major challenge in the management of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies thus affecting performance. The study aimed at assessing effect of Transactional leadership on performance of savings and credit cooperative society: a case of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society in Kericho County, Kenya. The study used descriptive research design. The population comprised of all staff of Imarisha savings and credit cooperative society. Simple random sampling was used. A sample of 27 management staff and 36 support staff was drawn from the purposively selected savings and credit cooperative society and used in the study. The study used two sets of questionnaires one for management staff and another for support staff. Data was collected through administration of two sets of self-administered questionnaires to the selected respondents. The data was processed and analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 and presented using frequency distribution tables and charts. An analysis of the major findings in study indicated that coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.790 therefore about 79.0%of the variation in effect of transactional leadership styles on performance. The study recommends that management staff should be trained on new methods of leadership so as to keep up with current leadership style.
Page(s): 279-281 Date of Publication: 28 August 2019
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Globally one single factor that decides the destiny of a nation is the quality of education that its citizens get. The process of education revolves around the teacher and the student. For ages, the teacher-student relationship has been perceived by our forefathers to have a direct impact on the learner’s performance. This study aimed at finding find out the influence of female teachers on girls’ performance in biology in KCSE in public secondary schools in Borabu Sub County. Generally, the study sought: to find out the influence of the biology teacher’ physical characteristics on girl performance in biology, to establish the influence of biology teachers teaching methodology on girl performance in biology and to investigate personal factors female students view in biology teachers that influences their performance in biology in Borabu Sub county. The study employed descriptive research design with both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was collected from 104 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. The population comprised of female students, and female biology teachers in public secondary schools in this area. The study targeted 20 secondary schools in the sub county. Out of the 20 schools two were purely girls’ schools and the rest were mixed schools. This research considered a sample size of 8 schools representing 40% of the entire population (20 schools a sample size of the study was 120 students and 20 teachers. This sample size was arrived at according to Toro Yamane’s Formula (1970). From the findings, majority of the respondents agreed that teacher pay attention in explaining details in a topic. Basing on the findings, the study concluded that female teachers influence girls performance in biology in KCSE in public secondary schools in Borabu Sub county and therefore there is need to employ more so as to improve girls performance in biology. The study recommends that the government through the Ministry of Education should employ more biology female teachers in order to encourage girls to work hard in the subject and do better in it and Parents should encourage their daughters to take biology and other sciences at school and consult their teachers in order to encourage them to do well in the subject.
Page(s): 282-294 Date of Publication: 28 August 2019
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Ageism has been established to be preconceived and discriminatory acts and tendencies against older adults, yet many people in Nigeria, have little or no knowledge about the meaning or the damages it can cause. This paper intended to demask ageism related attitudes while bringing the term to the forefront of the general public. The literature review method was used to outline the resultant attitudes and stereotypes of ageism, to demystify the phenomenon and to examine how it affects the well-being of the aging population. Findings revealed that ageism has personal and institutional perspectives, and are intentional or sometimes, unintentional. We also identified some age-related workplace discrimination, healthcare-related age discrimination, and may standing myths against older adults. We conclude by stating that most contemporary myths are mostly outright lies and concoctions not backed by any scientific evidence. Some of the myths originated from long-forgotten traditional folktales, and argued that such practices should be discouraged based on the established rights of elderly persons. Having debunked ageism practices and myths surrounding stereotypes against older persons, we believe that implication for practice include, but not limited to, unrelenting advocacy in citing that the rights of older persons stem from inalienable rights entrenched in international protocols and conventions. Making the general public to know that older adults have the right to independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment, and dignity. We suggest that upholding these rights are instrumental in reducing the menace of ageism, and in disrupting the standing myths against the aging population.
Page(s): 295-300 Date of Publication: 28 August 2019
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The study investigated the availability, awareness, use and users’ satisfaction of library electronic resources in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU) Anambra State Nigeria. Electronic information resources help to expand access, increase usability and effectiveness and establish new ways for students to use information to be more productive in their academic activities. Survey design adopted. Multistage and Randomly sampling technique was used since the population was large. Total population of registered fulltime students, 4, 517 and part-time students are 1,984. Out of these number, 966 copies of the questionnaires distributed, 722 copies representing 75.2% were retrieved and found valid for analysis, using frequency count, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that substantial percentages of the undergraduates are only not aware of library electronic resources such as e-courseware, Internet search engines, e-books, e-reference materials, and e-past question papers, they make use of these e-resources as well as derive satisfaction with using those e-resources especially with regards to ease of use, accuracy, quality/relevance, availability and accessibility of library e-resources to mention but few. With this in mind, one could conclude that generally, awareness, use of library electronic resources has significantly influence users’ satisfaction in COOU.
Page(s): 301-307 Date of Publication: 29 August 2019
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The study was on the Accessibility and Utilization of Information Resources on Students’ Learning Outcomes in selected Government Secondary Schools in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. The study population comprised five Government Secondary schools out of sixty teen in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. However, related literatures were reviewed from textbooks, journals and past researches. The research questions include; what are the roles of information resources in learning? Are information resources accessible by students in private schools? The research instrument was questionnaire which was statistically analyzed with contingency tables. It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between availability, accessibility and utilization of information resources and students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, the finding revealed that the proprietors of secondary schools should procure more information resources, facilities and equipment to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of students and teachers in private secondary schools. This study suggested that proprietors of secondary schools should put more interest in the use of Information resources to guarantee effective teaching – learning process within their systems.
Page(s): 308-313 Date of Publication: 29 August 2019
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The mid-1980s’ economic crisis in Cameroon led to poverty and high rates of unemployment. This phenomenon forced many people to fuel wood exploitation as a source of income and employment. More than 3/4 of the population of Bamenda II has limited access to modern energy sources such as domestic gas and so has resorted to the use of fuel wood as their major source of cooking energy.The objective of this study is to examine the various actors involved in the marketing and consumption of fuel wood in the Bamenda II. The methodology consisted of using questionnaire, interview of stakeholders, direct observations and data collected from secondary sources; it was revealed that the fuel wood in Bamenda II is supplied more from outside the Sub- Division than local sources like Bali, Santa, amongst others. The results also show that over 128,544 tons of firewood is commercialized per annum. The beneficial aspects of firewood consumption are manifested in its socio-economic gains by vendors such as improvement in living standards and stimulation of savings. The major negative implication noted was that of loss of resources and air pollution which can be ameliorated via afforestation and the use of improved stoves.
Page(s): 314-322 Date of Publication: 30 August 2019
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The idealists face hard criticisms and blame for not focusing much on how the world really is but on how the world should be. The significance of this paper is in its ability to actually help to expand the understanding of the implications of the idealist paradigm in particular and the liberal theory for world peace. President Trump of the United States on December 6, 2017 unilaterally declared Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The UN General Assembly with 128 nations in an emergency meeting held on December 27, 2017, pronounced President Trump’s decision null and void. This paper found that the General Assembly resolution and pronouncement stands despite the United States threat of withdrawal of funds to the United Nations and threat of denial of aid to other countries perceived as enemies of the United States. That the 14 Security Council members of the United Nations upheld the decision not to recognize Jerusalem as capital of Israel. That the unilateral decision of the United States was in violation of the Security Council Resolution 478 adopted in 1980 and the international law. In conclusion, this paper supports a framework in which relationships between countries can be analyzed and reinstates the position of the idealists in international relations that conflicts can be resolved amicably without necessarily going to war.
Page(s): 323-329 Date of Publication: 30 August 2019
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Objective was to assess effectiveness of art therapy as treatment for depression among incarcerated women at Langata Women Prison using Bandura’s social learning theory and cognitive behavioral theory. Unit of analysis was imprisoned women and Becks Depression Inventory (BDI-II) 21-item self-report scale was given to a sample of 217 prisoners to identify presence and severity levels of depression. Research was done with remands because prisoners had on-going programs. BDI-II (pre-test) questionnaires were distributed to determine levels of depression of 113 remands based on their levels of depression and 55 responded. Control did not get any art therapy treatment during the six sessions that treatment group underwent. After six weeks, control group was subjected again to BDI-II test and results indicated that most of incarcerated women had severe depression. From analysis, there was no significant reduction of depression among control group. Based on the results, at time of arrest, mental assessment should be done and those that require further assessment need to be referred to a psychiatrist and a psychologist; special attention should be given to new mothers; and for those who end up in prison.The results should be generalized with caution to other prisons in Kenya.
Page(s): 330-336 Date of Publication: 30 August 2019
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In Nigeria, over 7.9 Billion naira concession was given by the federal government of Nigeria for sponsorship of pilgrims. This has been condemned by many Nigerians for it is viewed as a reckless spending and as wasteful in the face of the Nigerian challenging economy today. The argument is that there are roads, schools, hospitals and lacking infrastructure to be built. People of Nigeria need good, portable drinking water and good rail, water, and air transport systems. Spending on pilgrimage may have more adverse effects on the economy and on the welfare of the generality of the Nigerian people. Government wealth is for the entire Nigerian populace and such wealth must be used in a way that the entire populace will benefit. At this critical time Nigeria’s problems when solved will bring back the battered, disfigured image. Pilgrimage is about spirituality. Most people find their spiritual life intricately linked to their association with a church, temple, mosque and synagogue or in performing a pilgrimage. The paper observes that outright cancellation of government sponsorship of pilgrims may produce negative results on the citizen’s spirituality. Not sponsoring pilgrims may not be a way to improve government’s financial stand. It could be a turning away from God. The paper therefore recommends selected sponsorship of devoted clerics and religious faithful.
Page(s): 337-343 Date of Publication: 30 August 2019
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The study is an examination on the use of ICT facilities in collection development among collection practitioners of three federal university libraries in South East, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was use for the study. The population of the study comprises of all the personnel of the university libraries’ who participated in collection development practice. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the institutional libraries for the study. Data collected through questionnaire were descriptively analysed using mean and standard deviation. Results indicated that collection practitioners utilize some of the facilities to a high extent and that the facilities are benefiting the university libraries under study. The study also revealed a significance difference in the mean response of University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike(MOUAU)collection development practitioners on the extent to which ICT facilities are used in federal university libraries in South East, Nigeria; the problems affecting the use of ICT facilities as well as significance difference in the mean response of UNN, FUTO and MOUAU collection development practitioners. The study concludes that university library management need to provide an enabling environment for ICT facilities; collection development practitioners must possess good knowledge in order to enjoy efficient benefits of ICT facilities; training programme on the use of these facilities should be organized from time to time.
Page(s): 344-349 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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This study investigated the teachers’ competencies contribution to enhancing job performance among public secondary school teachers. The study was conducted in four regions in Tanzania mainland which includes Arusha, Coast, Njombe and Singida. It involved 314 respondent drawn using purposive. The resultant quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 in data analysis while strategically employing a structured equation model that applied multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between teachers’ skills and job performance in Tanzania’s public secondary schools. The regression results also indicate that teachers, who had attended the training, acquired relevant competencies that have significantly enhanced their job performance and contribution to the provision of quality education in the country’s pubic secondary schools. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the development of training programmes has to ensure that the contents for delivery are geared towards imparting relevant competencies likely to enhance the teachers’ performance of duties and responsibilities in the country’s public secondary schools.
Page(s): 350-357 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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Witchcraft is a problem all over the world; however, it makes people grow colder towards God and religion. Its destructive influence can go as far as slowing down material development of a society and the entire community. This paper seeks to address this problem, why it is morally wrong, and propose ideas on how to overcome this problem. In this way, the reasons why Christians oppose witchcraft are made clear, in the hope that this dreaded activity is overpowered by the truth and love that Jesus brings.
Page(s): 358-362 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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This study investigated the relationship between basic pay and performance of teachers in primary schools in Uganda – Ibanda District. The study adopted cross-sectional and correlational research designs on a sample of 155 using a self-administered and an interview guide. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data methods. The quantitative data analysis methods were descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages and means. Inferential analyses were correlation and regression. The descriptive results revealed that performance of teachers was good while basic pay was poor. Inferential results revealed that basic pay had a positive and significant relationship with performance of teachers. The study concluded basic pay is an imperative remuneration necessary for the performance of teachers. It was thus recommended that the government and school authorities should ensure that all teachers have basic pay regularly, equitably and timely
Page(s): 363-373 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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The principal agency charged with the responsibility of internal peace and security of nations all over the world is the Police. In Nigeria today, the country is becoming more vulnerable to insecurity challenges due to several factors prominent among which are the inefficient and unprofessional policing system. Community policing could therefore be an option that can enhance the effectiveness of the Police Force for fostering internal security in Nigeria. There is a form of contention with the general public’s perception of the Nigeria Police as unfriendly, brutal, corrupt, unprofessional, and inefficient. A major problem is the public’s lack of trust of the police force, which is of importance to the community policing model and assists the community to sustain peace. This study, therefore, examined the state, challenges and prospects of the sustenance of peace in the communities on the Plateau and fostering internal security in Plateau state. The study covered the period 2010 to 2018, and is centred on the Plateau State Police Command. Data used in the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced through questionnaire instrument and semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that armed robbery, stealing/theft, house/store burglary, car theft, murder, ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, political conflicts and cultism are the prevalent internal security challenges in Plateau State
Page(s): 374-394 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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This study investigated the relationship between employee income security Schemes and performance of teachers in primary schools in Uganda – Ibanda District. The study adopted cross-sectional and correlational research designs on a sample of 155 using a self-administered and an interview guide. Data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative data methods. The quantitative data analysis methods were descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages and means. Inferential analyses were correlation and regression. The descriptive results revealed that performance of teachers was good while employee income security Schemes poor. Inferential results revealed that basic pay had a positive and significant relationship with performance of teachers. The study concluded that employee income security Schemes are the most probable remuneration for the performance of teachers. It was thus recommended that the government and school authorities should establish income security schemes for all teachers.
Page(s): 395-402 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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This study examines the variables that influence foreign direct investment in Nigeria using the Nigerian Oil And Gas sector as case study. Noting that there is significant evidence on the link between FDIs and economic growth in the Oil and Gas sector, the results submitted by researchers in the field of FDI determinants and the impact of FDI determinants in this sector are still not clear. Following this, the study identified underlying Human capital factors that affect the flow of FDI into the sector while taking note of the infrastructural and policy factors affecting FDI flow. The study adopts a survey research design where a self-structured questionnaire was administered to senior and junior staff of the multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria to establish the relationship that exists between FDI determinants and the growth of Nigerian oil and gas industry. Data collected was analyzed using frequency charts and percentages while Chi-square was used to test the study hypothesis. From the study findings, it was revealed that human capital factors and infrastructural factors have a significant effect on flow of foreign direct investment into the oil sector. Also the findings show that the relationship between flow of FDI into Nigeria’s oil sector and growth of the economy is significant also. Therefore FDI is an important instrument for growth of the economy. The study further recommended that MNC entering the sector should engage itself in the field where it can make a difference through quality, low cost and the Market analysis for of MNC should be geared towards obtaining competitive advantage.
Page(s): 403-411 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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This research aims to explore the effect of development process of Lamong Bay Port toward the fishermen livelihood in Morokrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia. The study used primary data and analyzed by interpretive thematic method. The result shows that the development of Lamong Bay Port reduces the fishermen area for fishing significantly and the fishermen can not depend on fishing for their livelihood. They seek another job outside fishing, and based on the finding, the research recommends Lamong Bay to provide job for fishermen and for Surabaya government needs to preserve the fishermen fishing location.
Page(s): 412-414 Date of Publication: 31 August 2019
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I. INTRODUCTION In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. All praises and adornment are due to Him alone, Who, is without partner, relatives, adviser nor assistance. Who, in His infinite wisdom and mercy sent down the Qur’an as a source of guidance and mercy to humanity? Wherein, both believers and unbelievers benefits directly or indirectly. May the peace, blessing and mercy of Allah be on the Chosen Servant of Allah Muhammad, who was sent too as a Mercy to the world and also onto his household, companions and those who tread his path till the Day of Accountability?
Page(s): 415-424 Date of Publication: 01 September 2019
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The HIV and AIDS scourge has been in our society for more than three decades and during that duration, more than 34 million people have been affected by the disease in the world. In addition, according to UNAIDS (2012) more than 18 million people have died. Initially the HIV and AIDS disease caused a lot of destruction in the history of mankind. This paper sought to assess how figures of speech and style have been used to present themes regarding HIV and AIDS in selected Kiswahili Literature works. The themes were generated from ten Kiswahili Literary works that cuts across three different genres that were used in this study namely; novels, plays and short stories. The selected works from the three genres gave the researcher appropriate data for this study. The study was carried in the library and employed content analysis as a method of data collection. This study has established that despite the differences in the genres and style, different artists have similar themes that are presented regarding HIV and AIDS.
Page(s): 425-430 Date of Publication: 02 September 2019
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This study aims to examine how the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) administrative structure, recruitment policy, and promotion criteria engendered gender inequality. The research used the Zone 4 which presently cover three states; Benue, Nasarawa and Plateau State Commands with the Zonal Headquarters at Makurdi, Benue State as a case study. Primary data was obtained through administered questionnaires. A quantitative empirical approach was chosen for the study because it provided a numerical measurement and reliable statistical predictably of the results to the total target population. The study discovered that the gender discriminatory policies and promotion criteria of the NPF has deterred the career progression of the female police officers. The female police officers are often victims of sexual harassment, bully from superior male officers and lack of equal employment opportunities. Hence the recommendation that the recruitment policy should be revisited for reforms to encourage more to close the existing gap, women should be assigned roles and duties aside bookkeeping, clerical secretary and police matron. The Inspector-General of Police in collaboration with the government should ensure strict implementation of laws safeguarding the female police officers from sexual harassment and bullying from the superiors.
Page(s): 431-437 Date of Publication: 02 September 2019
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The purpose of paper was to investigate the correlation between availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment and the academic achievement of students in Public day secondary schools. The study was necessitated by the continuous decline in students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the level of availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment and how it relates to students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools. Correlational research design was used in this study which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in the county. Non-proportionate sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample unit size of schools and sample size of students and teachers. Non-proportionate sampling technique was used to sample schools, systematic random sampling technique was used to sample students while teachers were sampled using purposive sampling technique. Student questionnaire (SQ) and Teachers Interview Schedule (TIS) were used to collect data. The study yielded both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using inferential statistics, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlational Coefficient analysis and multiple regression. The findings from the study revealed that availability and utilization of physics laboratory equipment had a relationship with students’ academic achievement. It was concluded that the relationship was statistically significant [F (4, 372) =39.203, R2=.297, sig. <.05]. A respectable variability (≈30%) in student academic achievement was explained by the physics laboratory equipment.
Page(s): 438-441 Date of Publication: 03 September 2019
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This study was conducted in order to show the impact of Collaborative Learning on pupils’ attitude and performance in Earth Geometry by grade 12 pupils in Kitwe District exploring the following research questions; (i) Does Collaborative Learning have an impact on pupils’ performance in Earth Geometry? (ii) Does Collaborative Learning method have an impact on pupils’ performance by gender? (iii)Does Collaborative Learning have an impact on pupils’ attitude towards Earth Geometry? The problem of poor performance of the Grade 12 pupils in Mathematics, especially in Earth Geometry has been a thorny issue. To improve the performance in Earth Geometry, a study was conducted on grade 12 pupils of Mukuba Secondary School and Helen Kaunda School of Kitwe District. The study population included 155 pupils from Mukuba and Helen Kaunda Secondary Schools of Kitwe District. The study was based on the three research questions and two hypotheses. The research method used was a Quantitative research. The sample size was 155 pupils comprising 80 male and 75 female pupils. Experimental Design and a Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire were used. The two groups were made from two classes picked at random from 7 classes of Mukuba Secondary School and another pair was picked at random from 6 classes of Helen Kaunda Secondary School. Particularly, 40 pupils were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group and 40 pupils to Control Group from Mukuba Secondary School. Furthermore, 35 pupils were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group and 40 to Control Group from Helen Kaunda Secondary School. These two pair of groups were subjected to pre-test. The Experimental Groups were taught using Collaborative Learning Approach while the Control groups were taught using Conventional Approach. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 16, considering the mean and standard deviation. Also, the Independent sample t-test was conducted at alpha (α) = 0.05 to analysis the results of the pre-test and post-test scores. The study revealed that there was statistically significant mean difference in the post-test scores for Experimental groups (Mean = 63.3, standard = 16.9) and the Control group (Mean = 48.7, standard deviation = 18.4), p = .000 for Mukuba Secondary School and Experimental groups (Mean = 65.5, standard deviation = 19.8) and the Control groups (Mean = 51.9, standard deviation = 21.2), p = .005 for Helen Kaunda Secondary School. Furthermore, the study showed that there was no statistically significant mean difference in the Pre-test scores for Experimental group (Mean = 26.7, standard deviation = 17.9) and the Control group (Mean = 26.6, standard deviation = 17.2), p = .980 for Mukuba Secondary School and Experimental group (Mean = 24.8, standard deviation = 15.7) and the control group (Mean = 25.2, standard deviation = 15.9), p = .902 for Helen Kaunda Secondary School. The study also revealed that post-test scores mean of female and male pupils were statistically insignificant (P-Value=0.640>α=0.05,t=0.470).Then analysis of the MAQ indicated that most pupils had a positive attitude towards Earth Geometry and it amounted to 80.7% while 11.3% showed no effect on the attitude after the post-test from both Schools. Therefore, teaching Earth Geometry using Collaborative Learning Approach was found to have a positive impact on pupils understanding of Earth Geometry because of the high marks after its administration. The study further revealed that pupils had challenges in calculation of the surface area between two meridians and the shortest distance between points on the same latitude which are not diametrically opposite but non the less were solved with more emphasis on them.
Page(s): 442-450 Date of Publication: 03 September 2019
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The study intended to investigate availability of essential school facilities and their influence on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The study was guided by the Education production function model. The study adopted a correlational research design which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The target population was 75,977 subjects comprising of 73,554 students and 2,423 teachers in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The sample size was 350 students and 50 teachers totalling to 400 subjects. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire Document analysis guide and Teachers Interview Guide. Data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. Findings from the analysed data were presented as tables, pie charts and graphs. The study found out that most facilities needed for teaching and learning were available in most public day secondary school in Kisii County .These facilities ranged from recommended course books and set books, basic laboratory equipment, classrooms and libraries. Among the facilities that were not available in almost all schools were libraries. The study indicated that availability of school facilities alone did not influence students’ academic achievement.
Page(s): 451-455 Date of Publication: 03 September 2019
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This study was conducted to show the impact of Collaborative Learning Approach on learner performance when teaching the topic Rate of Chemical Reactions to the Grade 11 pupils of Mukuba Secondary in Kitwe District. The problem of poor performance of the Grade 12 pupils in Chemistry, especially on Rate of Chemical Reactions has been a matter of concern. To try and alleviate this problem a study was conducted on grade 11 pupils of Mukuba Secondary School in Kitwe District. The study population involved 60 pupils from Mukuba. The study was based on three research questions and two hypotheses. The research method used was a mixed approach. The sample size was 60 boys from two intact classes which were purposively selected. The Shapiro-Wilks test was conducted to test the normality of the data because of the small sample size used. While, the design used for the study was a pre-test post-test quasi- experimental one.The two intact classes were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. This was done by tossing a coin; the head was for experimental group while the tail was for a control group. The two intact classes constituted 30 students for control and experimental Group. The two groups were subjected to a pre-test before implementation of the intervention on the experimental group. The experimental group was then taught using Collaborative Learning Approach while the control group was taught using Lecture and Discussion Approaches. The initial analysis of data used SPSS, considering two descriptive parameters of the mean and standard deviation. Then the Independent sample t-test was conducted at alpha level of 0.05 to compare the results of the pre-test and post-test scores. The study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the post-test scores for Experimental group (Mean = 62.1, standard deviation = 11.3) and the control group (Mean = 41.5, standard deviation = 11.3).Therefore, using Collaborative Learning Approach when teaching Rate of Chemical Reaction was found to have a positive impact on learner’s performance and a change in attitude on Rate of Chemical Reaction was observed. The chemistry attitude questionnaire results showed a significant difference before and after the intervention that is from 20 to 45 students out of 60 showed positive attitudes towards Rate of Chemical Reaction after the intervention. The study also revealed that learners had challenges in plotting graphs of volume of the gas collected against time especially on coming up with correct scales for each axis and labelling of the graph which are ECZ standards followed when marking questions involving graphs.
Page(s): 456-463 Date of Publication: 04 September 2019
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The objective of this paper is three-fold: (1) to investigate the extent of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State, Nigeria; (2) to examine consequences of farmer-herdsmen conflict in the study area; and (3) to assess the effectiveness of Government strategies in resolving farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State. Methodologically, secondary data sources have been relied upon. The study also adopted descriptive research and impact assessment methods in order to describe the extent and consequences of conflict between farmers and herders, as well to assess the effectiveness of Government strategies in resolving farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State. The parameter for assessing the effectiveness of the conflict resolution strategies is the decline/increase in the rate of farmers-herdsmen clash and the rate of casualty accompanying the clash. The study findings indicated that the government is up and doing with effort to tackle the problem of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State by introducing such measures as security and legal actions, creation of grazing reserves, development programmes, cattle colonies and national livestock transformation plan, organized dialogue and negotiations, and comprehensive livestock development plan. Yet, these measures did not yield the desired outcome-ending or drastically reducing farmers-herdsmen conflict. There is an upsurge in the rate of violent clashes between farmers and herders in the various parts of the country, Adamawa State in particular. In the first half of 2018, more than 1,300 Nigerians have been killed and valuable properties worth billions of Naira have been destroyed in the violent confrontation between herders and farmers. In conclusion, to overcome the menace of farmers-herdsmen conflict in Adamawa State, there should be systematic effort for identifying the root causes of the problem because to cure a cancer, we have to understand the root cause of the cancer. More importantly, effective leadership is necessary for any agency or policy to work effectively.
Page(s): 464-471 Date of Publication: 04 September 2019
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When discussing the advancement of technology in the word, it is the computer that provides the basis for its development. Computer technology is used everywhere in every field. In the 21st century, almost all government-owned institutions use computer technology for education. Through the study of the importance of using computer technology in rural schools such as Sri Lanka, The objectives of this research is to attempt to improve the utilization of computer technology in rural schools and to identify the causes of computer utilization in rural schools and make suggestions for it.
Page(s): 472-474 Date of Publication: 04 September 2019
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the teachers’ professional development of government schools in Sri Lanka. Therefore, during this study it was explored, especially, the experiences of stakeholders of schools on teacher development initiatives are being carried out at school level. The nature of this study is qualitative and multiple case study approach was selected in this study. Mainly interview and document survey methods employed to gather information. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data gathered from the School Development Committee members those who were purposively selected in this study. It appears that the schools do not have appropriate mechanisms to identify professional needs of teachers. Still, most of the teachers do not ready to come out from the traditional way of performing duties. Every school has attended some teacher development activities as per the instructions are given by the Ministry of Education. Usually, schools use human resources available within the school however; no adequate assistance is received from the external community. It appears that although the existing rules and regulations barricade, most of the schools organize teacher development activities in facing numerous difficulties. Majority of School Development Committee members are willing to continue teacher development programmes at their own if higher education authorities provide the necessary support. Therefore, schools should be given better guidance and adequate resources by the higher education authorities for teacher development, and need to make aware stakeholders of the schools about the effectiveness of teacher professional development and staff training.
Page(s): 475-484 Date of Publication: 03 September 2019
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When in 195BC Fitus Maccius Plautus wrote “Asinaria”, generally regarded as one of the Great Roman Comedies, and which was renowned for containing the phrase “Homo homini lupus est – man is a wolf to his follow man”, the temptation must have been to relegate the statement to the realms of fiction. Contemporary events however prove to the contrary. Galloping advancements in science and technology, particularly in the fields of Medicine and Transplantology, have made the statement extremely germane. Scientific innovations have improved the quality and standard of life in developed countries, occasioned an increase in life expectancy and induced active longevity. Sequel to this, the demand for organs and tissues for transplant is on the increase, compelling scientists and mankind generally, to question the rationale in the wasteful disposal of organs and tissues of cardavas and indeed whether or not there should continue to exist legal or moral justification in the non commodification of the human body. Consequently law has been brought face to face with the bizarre phenomenon of neocannibalism – a situation where human beings organize and orchestrate the consumption (cannibalization) of fellow humans, sanctified by the medical mantra of saving lives. This work is a humble attempt by the author to draw the attention of medico-legal science and international law to the novel anti-human practice, analyze same and proffer solutions.
Page(s): 485-490 Date of Publication: 05 September 2019
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Lower convenience costs, higher organizational and social and intrinsic reward will increase job satisfaction Job satisfaction is complex phenomenon with multi facets and influenced by the factors like salary, working environment, autonomy, communication, and organizational commitment. Different people interpret compensation differently. Compensation, reward, recognition, and wages are terms used in different situations. Survey research design primarily involves the researcher administering standardized questions about the subject of investigation, from a sampled group of people for the purpose of describing respondents’ opinions and views regarding the subject of investigation. The population for this study comprises the staff of Access Bank Plc, Sagamu Branch, Sagamu local Government, Ogun. Twenty staff in Access Bank, Sagamu was selected using simple random techniques. Based on the findings of this research it was concluded thatbank industry or Company should organize seminar for their workers so as to ensure quality service delivery.Bank industry/company should always encourage their workers foe effective and efficiency service delivery.Bank industry should ensure that costumer’s property insured is safe and guarantee.Company workers should always listen and care for their customers at any time.Government should ensure conducive environment for growth and development of bank industry
Page(s): 491-497 Date of Publication: 05 September 2019
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This study assessed the profitability of use of melon sheller by melon processors in Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State in order to verify the advantage of the use of mechanized equipment for melon shelling. The data generated were basically primary and obtained through personal interview schedule with a well-structured questionnaire. A random sampling technique was used in selecting the sampling for the study. A total of 60 Agro-processors engaged in melon processing across the four villages purposively selected were used. Data were analysed using budgetary analysis and descriptive statistics. From the investigation, the result of the costs and returns analysis revealed that Gross Margin (GM) was ₦9,700.00. It shows that the use of this machine will make business more viable. It was therefore concluded that the use of melon sheller in processing melon is profitable in the study area and as well hastens and minimize the stress involve in shelling manually, as majority of the melon processors are women. Also credit facilities should be made available so as for them to get more returns. It was recommended that a melon sheller with a cleaning unit should be made available in the area for easy separation of the melon seeds from the husk after shelling.
Page(s): 498-501 Date of Publication: 06 September 2019
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This study examined factors influencing parental attitude towards girl-child education in Sokoto South Local Government Area of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study which are: to what extent does religious beliefs influence parents’ attitude towards girl child education, to what extent does cultural beliefs influence parents’ attitude towards girl child education and to what extent does socioeconomic status influence parents’ attitude towards girl child The population of the study involved parents and out of school girls in Sokoto South Local Government Area. Snow ball sampling technique was used in selecting the parents of out of school girls. One hundred and forty respondents (parents and girls) formed sample for the study. A self-developed questionnaire named Parental Attitude And Girl-Child Education Questionnaire (PAGEQ) was used for data collection. A reliability of 0.76 and validity of 0.88 was established for PAGEQ. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analysis the data generated. Findings of the study; p = 0.001, 0.007 & 0.00 < 0.05 revealed that the three factors examined are factors influencing parental attitude toward girl-child education. However, religious belief appears to be the strongest contributing factor in the prediction of parental attitude towards girl child education with a standardized coefficient beta of 0.21= 0.007 <0.05.Based on the findings, recommendations were made. It was recommended that the government should empower parents who were handicapped by poverty in order to enable them have capital to purchase instructional materials for their children. It was also further recommended that both the government and religious leaders should carry out awareness and sensitization programs in order to let the parents know the importance of girl-child education in the area.
Page(s): 502-512 Date of Publication: 06 September 2019
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This paper is an attempt to outline that, human and instructional language communication are dynamic contextual, continuous and interactive communication that occurs when individuals are able to share common meaning or are able to establish a common area of understanding. Human communication is defined as the conscious or intentional or unintentional process in which feelings and ideas are expressed in verbal and non-verbal massages.
Page(s): 513-515 Date of Publication: 06 September 2019
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The study investigated the impact of teaching entrepreneurship on the employability of secondary school graduates in Sokoto south, Sokoto state, Nigeria. The study covered 5 schools in Sokoto south local government. A cross sectional survey was used in order together information from various respondents from the five secondary schools in Sokoto south local government, Sokoto state, Nigeria. The population of study comprised of the Principals, Teachers, Parents and Student. The study was conducted using a descriptive research design because the researcher intended to collect data from various persons in 5 schools in Sokoto south local government. A sample size of 81 was used in the study .They comprised of 5 Principals, 10 teachers, 6 parents and 60 students from the selected secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used for selecting the respondent’s .The findings indicated that the teachers in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government have impact of implementation of teaching entrepreneurship education, How the achievement of teaching of entrepreneurship impact on secondary schools students, Challenges facing teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The research recommended that government and schools administrators should provide various teaching aids to schools to improve teaching and learning process in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The challenges faced are big numbers of students, inadequate teaching materials, unqualified teachers, lack of teaching method for teaching entrepreneurship education schools in Sokoto south local government. Finally the interventions identified are the need for the government and schools administrators to provide teaching aids to the secondary schools in Sokoto south local government. The conclusions arrived at the government that is Federal ministry of education and State ministry of education should provide teaching aids like instructional materials, textbooks and other facilities in order to improve the standard of teaching entrepreneurship education in secondary schools in Sokoto south local government Sokoto state Nigeria.
Page(s): 516-521 Date of Publication: 06 September 2019
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This study focused on urbanization andenvironmental impact of urban sprawl in Ogu town, Rivers State, Nigeria. It essentially dealt with the issue of population explosion and ecological devastation in the study area. The thrust of the study is to examine the relationship between urban sprawl and environmental degradation. Ogu town is made up of 50 communities out of which 10 were selected for this study through random sampling technique. One hundred and fifty (150) respondents were selected from the 10 communities through stratified and systematic sampling method and questionnaires were prepared and administered to the respondents. Information from the respondents were analysed and tested by the use of pearson product moment correlation coefficient and validated with the student t-test. The hypothesis was to test the relationship between urban sprawl and Environmental degradation. The findings of the study showed among others that urban sprawl has significantly led to environmental degradation resulting to different environmental and Ecological problems in the area. To solve these problems, it was recommended that the principle of urban planning should be integrated in the planned discipline and planning of urban areas. Also, the place of EIA should be incorporated in the planning of urban area.
Page(s): 522-529 Date of Publication: 06 September 2019
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This study investigated the information seeking behavior of teacher trainees of the Evangelical Presbyterian College of Education, Bimbilla, Ghana. Hundred (100) first and second year teacher trainees were selected for the study. Respondents were selected using random sampling technique and questionnaires were used as the data collection instrument. The results showed that, the information needs of the trainees were related to their course work. Also, internet was found to be the main source of information for the teacher trainees and finally print information resources was preferred to electronic resources by the teacher trainees. The study suggested the following recommendations; the library should improve upon the collection to reflect the programs run in the college, the library must be provided with internet connection, the collection of the library must be updated regularly to meet the specific needs of the students and finally, the library should adopt marketing strategies such as orientation programs, public lectures, public announcements to always keep users abreast with their services.
Page(s): 530-534 Date of Publication: 08 September 2019
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The study investigated the teacher’s appraisal technique practices for enhanced productivity in secondary schools in Bayelsa, Rivers State. two research questions and two hypotheses were guided the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 190 and a staff strength of 3,678 teachers public senior secondary schools in Bayelsa state. With a sample size of 225 teaching staff with the aid of the stratified random sample technique.. The instrument used for data collection was the Teacher’s Appraisal Technique Practices for Enhanced Productivity Scale (TATPEPS). The instrument was validated by experts and its reliability coefficient of 0.84 was determined using cronbach alpha formula. The research questions were answered with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were analyzed with t-tests (paired and independent) and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results obtained indicated that performance interview practices can enhance productivity to high extent in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. Based on this, it was recommended that there should be a regular review of performance to enhance productivity to a higher extent in secondary schools in Bayelsa state.
Page(s): 535-540 Date of Publication: 08 September 2019
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Terrorism in its operational sense refers to the purposive adoption of lethal violence aimed at human or non-human target with the objective of making the state or an agency of the state to act in line with the demands of the perpetrators. While there is a degree of disagreement among scholars on what terrorism itself implies there is a higher intensity in the debate on the most effective strategy for counter-terrorism. Situated within the latter front of the debate this commentary argued for the use of military force as an effective first-approach counter terrorism measure. It argued that negotiation create a sense of credibility to terrorist organization among the populace- which have a negative impact on the political capacity of the state while validating the demand of the terrorist organization. Hence military force was advised as first line of action against lethal terrorist attacks so as to reinforce the status of the state as the legitimate monopoly of the apparatus of force. Furthermore military force when successful creates collateral cost on the limited human and material resources of the terrorist organization which reduces its capability in the short and long run.
Page(s): 541-544 Date of Publication: 08 September 2019
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The paper examined the effects of corporate governance indicators on firms’ value and for in-depth analysis made use of secondary data obtained from the published annual reports and accounts of 20 quoted companies on the Nigeria Stock Exchange for Eight financial years -2009 to 2016.The collected data were analyzed using least square regression t – test statistic at 5% level of significance with the aids of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study showed that positive relationship exists between corporate governance indicators represented by board size, executive compensation, financial disclosure and transparency and profitability as measure of firms’ value. The study therefore suggests that steps should be taken for mandatory compliance with the code of good corporate governance while an effective legal framework that specifies the rights and obligations of a firm, its directors and other stakeholders should be developed.
Page(s): 545-552 Date of Publication: 08 September 2019
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The cashless policy was introduced with the objective of promoting the use of electronic payment channels such as Point of Sales (POS), Automated Teller Machine (ATM) in order to reduce the risk associated with carrying about physical cash and to enhance immediate transactions. Its introduction brought about mixed feelings among the stakeholders especially its operation in the environment where the irregular supply of electricity and dwindling internet connectivity is the order of the day. While acknowledging that its adoption in the developed economy creates ease and convenience to all participants, there has been a continuous deliberation on its operation in Nigeria where high percentage of people are not computer literate. This study examined cashless policy in its entirety in Nigeria in order to draw attention to its benefits and the challenges impeding its practice and to make recommendations necessary for effectiveness and general acceptability.
Page(s): 553-556 Date of Publication: 08 September 2019
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There are many artists who have worked without notice in Nigeria. Most of the indigenous Artist of Akwa Ibom state may be forgotten and their works may become unheard of in contemporary Nigerian Art and the society. This paper therefore focuses on Chief Akpabio’s, a sculptor and wood carver of Akwa Ibom State origin to the growth and advancement of art in Nigeria. The thrust of the study is on the artist’s style and medium. Information for this study was collected through primary and secondary medium. The paper recommends that awareness should be created on indigenous artists by documentation.
Page(s): 557-562 Date of Publication: 09 September 2019
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This paper attempt to discuss the emerging trends on recent environmental issues in the North East of India specially Assam. An urgent need of focus, on these issues and finding out effective alternatives to govern the environmental conflict areas is very critical. The ongoing vulnerable situation have an adverse impact on the human activities, livelihood and the environment as a whole. People need to protect their basic socio-economic or livelihood conditions as well as indigenous communities and those people that habituated nearby the river valleys over since time immemorial also in and around of the forest region. Without forest resources ninety percent of the people will be starved since forest is one of the main sources of livelihood for the people of North East India in general and indigenous people in the Hills in particular. However, in the recent past, what observed is that, establishment and introduction of modern technology and its urbanisation strategy in the region had caused great destruction on forest resources or ecosystem including sacred sites which therefore, affect culturally also. The fact is that common people or the local community suffered the most as victimise in such vulnerable occasion. Therefore, the paper will analyse the need of environment governance for the survival of the environment and its sustainable possibilities on one hand and also focus some important approach or element that can have a growing capacity to govern the environmental on related issues in the region on the other hand.
Page(s): 563-569 Date of Publication: 09 September 2019
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The study explored how Zimbabwean Advanced Level physics teachers perceive and teach inquiry skills in Advanced Physics classrooms. The study was motivated by misconceptions of physics concepts displayed by learners being enrolled in physics related undergraduate programmes in some of the Zimbabwean universities. The study sought to check on current teachers’ views, experiences and practices with respect to current inquiry instructional practices. The mixed method approach was employed for the study. The data was solicited through a questionnaire, an interview guide, lesson observation guide and a document analysis guide. Random sampling was used to select 140 physics teachers from the 10 Educational provinces and purposive sampling was used to select 30 teachers for the interviews. 20 lessons were observed. Descriptive statistics and emerging themes were used to concretise the data for discussion. The main findings suggest that teachers are aware of inquiry-based science teaching approaches yet depict low level inquiry-based physics practices in the classrooms. The low level inquiry-based physics teacher practices could be attributed to limited teacher competencies, public examinations assessment demands, limited human and material resources and limited time for effective teaching and learning. The study recommends teachers need to be capacitated on inquiry-based learning competencies, school authorities invest in both human and material resources and that aligning public examinations assessment demands to inquiry-based competencies will make teachers adapt accordingly.
Page(s): 570-580 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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Commercial motorcycling is a popular mode of public transportation in Ibadan metropolis. However, a number of social problems such as accidents, crimes and human insecurity have been associated with the operations of commercial motorcycling in Ibadan. And little attention paid to the linkages between commuters’ safety, health and security issues. Therefore, this study explored government interventions in addressing problems associated with safety challenges with the commercial motorcycling operation in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State. A case study design was adopted. A purposive sampling of 24 motorcycle units , 12 focus group discussions with the branch heads and union members of the motorcycle unions and the commuters across the city. Primary and secondary data were collected using qualitative techniques. Twenty-eight in-depth interviews and twelve focus group discussions were conducted. Data collected were content analysed Findings revealed that the use of motorcycles for criminal activities by fake commercial motorcyclists, lack of protection and adequate vests for drivers, reckless driving, impatient, over speeding and non-compliance to traffic rules are the major commuter safety challenges in Ibadan. Thus, state government has implemented policies such as ban of commercial motorcycling and use of helmets which have not yielded the expected behavioural change. As recommended, the government both at the federal and state level should increase the level of security in Ibadan by posting more trained and experienced law enforcement agents in Ibadan metropolis.
Page(s): 581-592 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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In Kenya, the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination (KCSE) is done after completion of secondary school education. Performance in the KCSE has implications that plays out across life stages and at multiple levels. It can enhance or can derail ones educational and occupational trajectories. Passing the KCSE examination enables one to pursue higher education, as entry into institutions of higher learning for various programmes is paged on KCSE performance. The declining level of KCSE performance in Mombasa County is a cause for concern among education stakeholders; the study therefore seeks to address this concern by finding out if there is a relationship between psychological determinants and students KCSE performance in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study’s main objective was to find out the relationship between self-esteem and KCSE performance in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study adopted correlation research design and exploratory research design. It was conducted in Mombasa in all the six sub counties namely Mvita, Kisauni, Nyali, Jomvu, Changamwe and Likoni.
Page(s): 593-597 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach is an inquiry into the link between power and foreign policy domain. The study was carried out relying on historical descriptive research method and the realist theoretical framework of analysis. It was discovered that right from the ancient times, in Greek City States to the Contemporary Period that power and the conduct of States Foreign Policies have been inseparable. Equally, the study found out that there are lack of scholarly agreement on appropriate theoretical perspective even among those of the same school of thought like the realist school that have appeared in different bents in foreign policy analysis. The study therefore, came to the conclusion that in all foreign policy action, small or large power plays commanding roles in their outcomes. It is the opinion of the paper that theoretical integration for foreign policy analysis within the realist school that invoke power as its tool of analysis will create a harmony for better understanding of states’ foreign policies and international behaviour.
Page(s): 598-602 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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The degree of unemployment also correlates with poverty. Higher unemployment level would increase poverty and at the same time engenders crime activities due to depression associated with being unemployed. In their perspective, poverty to individual behavioral characteristics and choices such as alcohol and substance abuse, rape, theft etc. they suggest that the problem of poverty is within the control of the poor themselves and therefore policies and programs need to influence those choices through incentives and prohibitions. This paper examines the Paradox of drug abuse, poverty and criminal behavior in Nigeria. Theoretically the paper employed Merton’s strain theory of crime to explain the issue of poverty, drug abuse and criminal behavior. Appropriate recommendations were also derived from the paper such as empowerment of youths through skill acquisitions, adequate training and retraining of youths enlightenment campaigns and struggles for good governance in Nigeria society.
Page(s): 603-608 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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The idea of globalisation and it informing our identity is not new. Diogenes, a Greek philosopher from 412 B.C. declared he was a “citizen of the world” in response to a question about his place of origin. Fast forward to the year 1993 and it was a very cool way to refer to oneself if residing in Europe. The borders had just been opened through the European Union and there was strong sentiment regarding global citizenship and its connection to our identity. Since then we have entered an era of massive technological change. There now exists a keen interest in our ability to understand what mechanisms determine identity and how they interconnect in a globalised world. This paper aims to investigate identity through a prism of place; our physical environment, and space; our virtual environment.
Page(s): 609-611 Date of Publication: 10 September 2019
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I. INTRODUCTION The discovery and the use of iron implements were found to be of great significance to the history of mankind worldwide. As the tools produce from iron turned to be more effective and efficient for man’s daily activities and safety. Its introduction has no doubt revolutionized man’s way of life. As a result of that, the period that marked the beginning and utilization of iron technology came to be known by archaeologists and historians as the Iron Age. With this development man was able to have efficient utilization of his environment. The use of iron implements is the most significant innovation from technological point of view in the development of mankind. Iron was employed to produced war equipment as well as agricultural tools. In Nigeria, the earliest evidence of iron discovery came from the site of Taruga which was dated to about 4th century B.C (Fagg;1968:28). This is one of the important sites that are affiliated to the Nok Culture found in Jos Plateu, Nigeria. In the case of Sokoto area, the evidence of early iron activities came from the site near Yelwa in present day Yawuri Emirate. The site was dated to the middle of the first millennium A.D. (Priddy; 1970). Despite the fact that the site is not as old as Taruga, however, the features have been identified to be similar in those of other Nok culture sites (Priddy; 1970)
Page(s): 612-617 Date of Publication: 12 September 2019
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Integration in education has lately taken center stage in public schools in Kenya. This study examined the type of leadership head teachers used and their teachers’ performance in promoting integration in the schools. The study was carried out in integrated public primary schools with learners with VI in Lamu County Kenya. The aim of the study was to identify the leadership styles applied by head teachers and its effects on teachers’ performance in integration of learners with visual impairment (VI) in the regular schools in Lamu county Kenya. The study was guided by Douglas McGregor‘s model- Theory X and Theory Y (1961). This study was conducted using exploratory study design. The target population for the study was 506 educators; 86 head teachers and 420 teachers. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. The sample size consisted of 18 head teachers and 42 teachers. Content analysis was used to test the validity of the research instruments while a reliability coefficient was used to test the instruments’ reliability. Descriptive statistics involved the use of frequencies and percentages. Relationship between independent and dependent variables was accepted at 95% confidence level. The study results revealed that various leadership styles are being employed by head teachers in integrated public primary schools in Lamu County. The main leadership styles found are democratic and autocratic leadership. The study further reveals that the type of leadership has a significant influence on teachers ‘performance. The influence was found to vary based on the type of leadership among head teachers. For example democratic leadership style showed a significant positive influence on teachers’ performance. The study recommends that teacher education curricula needs to be enhanced to include effective ways of leadership style in order to improve teachers’ performance in integrated school settings.
Page(s): 618-626 Date of Publication: 12 September 2019
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Mining has been linked to various environmental challenges such as land degradation, landslide, soil erosion and flooding. Land degradation is believed to be one of the major ways in which mining of minerals affects agricultural production in areas where such activities takes place. This paper is aimed at assessing such effects of mining on agriculture around Kalambaina area of Wamakko Local Government, Sokoto State, where limestone is been mined by the Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Plc. A total number of 338 questionnaires were distributed to respondents randomly selected to represent different households in the study area. The result of the study reveals a reduction in crop yield among farmers in the study area, which could be attributed to the impact of land degradation due to the mining activities around the area. Though the Peason’s correlation used in testing the hypothesis fails to reveal a significance relationship between the mining activities by the Company and the low crop yield experienced in the study area. The study recommended for more efforts particularly on land reclamation and adequate compensation by the Company to the affected farmers so as to cushion these effects.
Page(s): 627-631 Date of Publication: 12 September 2019
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Kampung Nginden Jangkungan is one of the inner-city kampung that is currently developing their tourist attraction. The potentials of this Kampung are local community willingness and innovation for developing edutourism. Still, these should be supported by community empowerment and promotion strategy to create tourism kampung. The main point is related to people-place connection, means that settlement is not only a life boundary, but also a place where people interact each other, develop social value, and become meaningful in a certain way. This process is called place-making, an approach which is focused on people-centered development in creating a strong sense of place and social cohesion. This study aims to established strategies and design reccomendations based on community preferences and perspectives to enhance the potentials of Kampung Nginden Jangkunganasedu tourismdestinantion. This study conducted by inductive approach with qualitative method supported with walk through interview and observation to collect primary data. The result shows that community activities become the main potential in developing tourist attraction. Supported by image creation and neigborhood beautification, the design concept of this study can be a recommended idea and creative action to create a better physical image as well as enhance the social capital in Kampung Nginden Jangkungan.
Page(s): 632-639 Date of Publication: 12 September 2019
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The study investigated the factors that were causing failure of the strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing industry in Bulawayo during the period 2009 to 2017. The manufacturing industry in Bulawayo plays a pivotal role towards the revival of the economy of Zimbabwe because of its proximity to the country’s major trading partners, South Africa and Botswana as well as being the country’s industrial hub. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Data was gathered using in-depth interviews with senior managers of 12 large manufacturing companies in Bulawayo. The study concluded that the main factors causing the strategies implemented to revive the manufacturing industry in Bulawayo fail to produce tangible results are the lack of funding of the manufacturing companies, use of obsolete machinery and equipment by manufacturing companies, lack of political will, uncertainty due to short term economic policies implemented in the sector, poor supply of essential utilities to manufacturing companies and poor transport infrastructure in Bulawayo. To ensure effective implementation of strategies to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo, the study recommend that the government should avail funds to the manufacturing sector, remove duty on equipment and machinery used in the manufacturing sector, reducing corporate tax on manufacturing companies, assist local authorities in rehabilitation of roads in Bulawayo, Bulawayo City Council should try to ensure constant supply of water to the manufacturing sector, ZESA should exempt manufacturing companies from load shedding and there should be political support to revive the manufacturing sector in Bulawayo.
Page(s): 640-644 Date of Publication: 13 September 2019
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The study examined security preparedness of the schools since there were recurrent safety problems in public boarding secondary schools even after release of the safety standards manual by the Kenyan Ministry of Education in the year 2008.The study sought to examine the effect of existing crime prevention practices on student safety in public boarding secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was modeled on Invitational theory developed by William Watson Purkey (1999). The study used descriptive survey research design. The study targeted principals, teachers, students and security officers in 39 secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. Questionnaires, focused group discussion and interview schedule were used as data collection instruments. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical that were frequencies and percentages. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study established that most schools had not complied with the ministry of education safety standards, crime prevention measures were not very effective because cases of crime still prevailed in the schools therefore the schools were not fully prepared for student safety. The study recommends that schools should comply with Ministry’s safety standards to guarantee students safety, crime prevention practices like instituting crime prevention committee, training and putting structures in place for prevention of crime.
Page(s): 645-649 Date of Publication: 13 September 2019
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This research sought to determine the role of estate surveyors and valuers in Building Insurance Valuation (BIV) and insurance policy to the selected universities and their environs. The survey design was used to collect the experienced opinion of estate surveyors and staff of asset and insurance units of some Universities with the use of questionnaires. Data collected for the study was processed through the Statistical Packages for the Social Science(SPSS) and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean score, relative importance index, and Mann-Whitney U test in order to answer the research questions and the formulated hypotheses. The results revealed that It can be seen that all the variables except one scored above the 0.60 R.I.I score which means that the respondents accepted that the variables are the roles they perform as it relates to BIV policy. The only variable that was not accepted by the respondents as the role they perform is the plate glass insurance (0.44 score). On the benefits of BIV, the outcome revealed that Accurate record on the existence and value of building coverage (Ranked 1st), Independent professional value opinion of organization building (Ranked 2nd), Evidence of existence of building for insurance underwriters and adjusters (Ranked 3rd), and Addresses the fair premium to be paid on the building (Ranked 3rd) were the benefits of BIV to the estate surveyors and valuers’ profession and the universities as perceived by the respondents.
Page(s): 650-657 Date of Publication: 13 September 2019
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Nigeria has been involved in the United Nations Peace Support Operations (UNPSOs) since independence. Nigeria’s Peacekeeping Operations with the direction of the trends, patterns and processes of information acquisition and the Nigerian Army’s (NA) Information Management in the UNPSO in Liberia were studied. The study adopted the Cohen’s Agenda Setting and employed a triangulation research design. Twenty-eight officers and 172 soldiers were purposively sampled from Nigerian Battalions (NIBATTs) 36 and 37 that served in Liberia while 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with heads of military units in Liberia. Two key informant interviews were conducted with one Commanding Officer and the Military Assistant to the Force Commander. Secondary data were collected from Nigerian Army Signal Messages, Part One and Part Two Orders and the United Nations documents. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was content analysed.The critical role of information management in decision making was reflected by 192 (96.0%) of respondents who affirmed that adequate information management was crucial to the success of Peace Support Operations (PSOs) in Liberia. Also, 182 (91.0%) of the respondents averred that Information Management processes in NA PSOs in Liberia included communication links, satellites, cables and procedures, formats and filters for information transport and retrieval. Furthermore, 184 (92.0%) of the respondents held that trends and patterns of information on the NA in PSOs in Liberia was well managed and protected by both officers and soldiers. Information acquisition processes, trends and patterns of information management by Nigerian Army in PSOs in Liberia were in form of open sources like visual observations by patrol and authorised flights, open communication with belligerent forces and local populations while the act of cryptography or sending coded messages was employed as patterns for information sharing. Though beset with information sharing and coordination challenges, strategic information management by the Nigerian Army contingent enhanced operational efficiency and contributed to the overall success of the United Nations Peace Support Operations in Liberia. However, to achieve a more efficient and reliable management of information resource in PSOs, synergy on information management trends, patterns and processes among the different military battalions in the PSO should be encouraged.
Page(s): 658-672 Date of Publication: 13 September 2019
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School feeding (SF) has been made headway globally since the early 1940s having started in Latin American countries to improve health, educational performance and attendance of school age children. The purpose of this study was to identify possible strategies that may be applied to improve meal participation by learners in Eswatini high schools. It is a case study of four selected high schools in Shiselweni region, Hlathikhulu boundary. Low or non-participation has raised concern about SF effectiveness in addressing hunger issues among high school learners. The study adopted a descriptive survey design employing a mixed method using semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires. Population of the study was high school learners and SF facilitators from randomly selected high schools in Shiselweni region. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data employing descriptive statistics, while qualitative data employed a theoretical thematic analysis. Findings of the study established that SF is an appropriate safety net for high schools. Possible strategies for improvement for SF effectiveness included: 1) Provision of variety in menu, 2) Extra funding, 3) Involvement of learners in menu development, 4) Nutrition education for learners and 5) Local community involvement in SF. It was recommended that, for SF effectiveness to be attained, governments should secure extra funding and support projects that would generate funds, such as vegetable production and partnering with local farmers for supporting SF, making it cost effective.
Page(s): 673-682 Date of Publication: 13 September 2019
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The study investigated the learning environment and peer pressure as correlates of academic aspirations among senior secondary school students in Mubi North local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of secondary school students in Mubi North Local Government. A sample size of 400 students was chosen from four secondary schools by stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire titled “Learning Environment and Peer Pressure Questionnaire” (LEPPQ) was adapted from Shamaki (2015) and Jack and Gamnajoh (2017). The instrument was validated by an expert in Guidance and Counselling from the Department of Science Education. The reliability value was calculated using Kudder-Richardson formular (KR-21) which yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.88. Data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Four research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the environmental factors that influence learning Biology include classroom brightness, classroom painting, dilapidated classrooms, classrooms with no ventilation, sitting arrangement and lack of seats. The study also revealed that the effects of learning environment on academic performance includes loss of interests in Biology lessons, poor performance, obstruction of the view of the board, and distractions. The way peer pressure influences learning Biology include punctuality to class, through competition, studying together, disturbance in class and helping with academic difficulties. Effects of peer pressure on academic performance include improving or worsening academic performance. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between peer pressure and academic achievement; and that there is a significant difference between the academic achievement of male and female students. It was recommended that government should improve the condition of classrooms by providing electric fittings besides renovations of schools and students should endeavour to form or join groups that are study inclined so that learning would be effective and instructional materials.
Page(s): 683-689 Date of Publication: 15 September 2019
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This study investigated the effects of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents on learning Biology as perceived by secondary school teachers in Gombi Education Zone Adamawa state. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design method. The target population for this study consisted of all secondary school teachers in the zone. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three hundred respondents from two Local Government Areas. The questionnaire titled “Effects of Maladaptive Behaviour Questionnaire” was used to collect data. The validity of the instrument was carried out by an expert in Guidance and Counselling. The reliability of the instrument titled “Effects of Maladaptive Behaviour Questionnaire “was carried out using test re-test method and Kudder-Richardson formulae was used to determine the internal consistency. Reliability estimate of the test showed a reliability index of 0.86. Frequency counts, simple percentages and t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that maladaptive behaviour is caused by poor parental upbringing. Issues such as high failure of students in external examinations, disruption of teaching and learning, low cognitive ability, school dropout and student poor performance in class are the effects of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents. The findings of the study also showed that there was no significant difference between male and female teachers’ perception on the causes of maladaptive behaviour among in-school adolescents. The major strategy employed by teachers for curbing behavioural problem is the reinforcement technique. In conclusion, in-school adolescents’ maladaptive behaviour is on the rise and has serious effects on students’ learning and their general academic performance. To this end, teachers, counsellors, school heads in collaboration with the government should continue to provide right information to in-school adolescents about the negative effects of maladaptive behaviour.
Page(s): 690-696 Date of Publication: 15 September 2019
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The study aimed to develop a new understanding of environmental mechanisms at work in Colophospermum mopane that lead to the development of distinct tree height gradient (variation in horizontal and vertical structure). Thus, we investigated soil fertility as a possible environmental factor influencing the physiognomy of Colophospermum mopane. The study site in the national park was selected to represent dwarf mopane ≤3 meters tall whereas the site in the game management area was selected to represent >13 meters tall mopane. Field work involved collection of soil samples to investigate on estimation of organic matter, pH, phosphorous, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in soils under tall and dwarf mopane woodlands. IBM SPSS statistical package version 20 was used for data analysis. T-tests were used to show levels of significance in differences between dwarf and tall mopane woodlands. Findings of this study revealed that soils under coppiced mopane are nutrient richer with calcium, magnesium and sodium content than soils under tall mopane. These minerals may be influencing food quality Colophospermum mopane feed. However, phosphorous content in mg/kg is one and a fourth times more in tall mopane woodland of the game management area than in dwarf mopane woodland of the national park. Thus, it may be assumed that phosphorous deficiency in the national park is a possible environmental factor influencing the physiognomy of Colophospermum mopane since it can stunt plants. The management authority responsible for the national park should support further research and experiments to manipulate environmental stressors including addition of phosphorous fertilizer to understand the possible environmental factors influencing the physiognomy of Colophospermum mopane.
Page(s): 697-702 Date of Publication: 15 September 2019
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