A completely randomized design experiment was conducted to study the effect of mangrove leaves on the blood parameters of broilers. Sixty day old hubbard broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups A, B, C, and D of 15 birds per group. All groups were replicated thrice with five birds. The birds were administered with dried powdered mangrove leaves at graded levels of 10g/Kg feed for B, 20g/Kg feed for C, and 30g/Kg for D, while A served as the control without mangrove leaves. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Proximate analysis was carried out on the leaves for fat, crude protein, and ash contents. The blood parameters measured were PCV, RBC, and WBC. The results from the proximate analysis showed that red mangrove leaves contained 2.4% fat, 9.9% crude protein, and 34.4% ash contents. Findings from the study indicated that dietary levels of 10g/Kg, 20g/Kg, and 30g/Kg red mangrove leaves significantly increased treatment means of packed cell volume, and red blood cells. It was also observed from the study that total white blood cells were not affected by the graded levels of red mangrove leaves powder incorporated into the feeds. Red mangrove leaves are of great value on improving packed cell volume and red blood cells of broilers. This means an increased ability to carry and distribute oxygen and nutrients to the body, consequently increasing the productivity or livability of the birds. The increase in these blood parameters shows the potential of red mangrove leaves in improving the health status of broilers. Feed compounders should incorporate red mangrove leaves in their feeds
Page(s): 01-04 Date of Publication: 30 November 2022
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Face emotion detection has recently attracted a lot of interest because of its uses in computer vision and the field of human-computer interaction. Various methods and applications were suggested and put into use as a result of the ongoing research in this area. In this study, we present an emotion-recognition recommender system that can identify a user’s feelings and offer a selection of suitable songs that might lift his spirits. To gather information and enable us to give the users a selection of music tracks that are effective at lifting the users’ spirits, a quick search was undertaken to learn how music may impact the user mood in the short term. The suggested system recognizes emotions, and if the individual is feeling down, a special playlist including the best kinds of music will be played to lift his spirits. On the other hand, if a favorable mood is recognized, an appropriate playlist will be offered that contains several genres of music that will amplify the pleasant feelings. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods and the Fisher Face algorithm are used to implement the suggested recommender system.
Page(s): 05-08 Date of Publication: 30 November 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.71101Download PDF
Lacrimal gland lesions generally present as palpable masses in the superolateral aspects of the orbits. Approximately 50% of lacrimal gland masses are inflammatory lesions, 25% are lymphoid lesions or lymphoma, and the other 25% are salivary gland type tumors. Although there are overlaps and exceptions, features such as laterality, portion of gland involvement, presence or absence of bony findings, enhancement pattern, and clinical presentation are valuable in differentiating among lacrimal gland lesions. The 3D ultrasound has been used to define lacrimal gland shape, size, density, structural features the pattern of blood supply, as well as the anatomic and topographic position in the orbit. The study was conducted in the B- and 3D-modes of ultrasonography with color and energy Doppler mapping on both sides.
Page(s): 09-12 Date of Publication: 02 December 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.71102Download PDF
Electrical resistivity method for evaluation of groundwater potential in the Owerri North was carried out based on aquifer transmissivity obtained using Dar Zarouk parameters and pumping test data. Twenty vertical electric soundings (VES) were carried out in this study. The field data were acquired using the Omega-500 resistivity meter and interpreted using Advanced Geoscience Incorporation (AGI) 1D resistivity inversion software. Five of the VES stations were sited near existing boreholes from which pumping test data were acquired. Transverse resistance and Longitudinal conductance were determined, which together with hydraulic conductivity derived from pumping test data enabled the estimation of aquifer transmissivity and its variation in the study area. The aquiferous layers are composed mainly of sands and sandstones. Resistivity values varied with depth and ranges from 0.10Ωm to 1208.50Ωm. The aquifer depth varied from 8.50m to 67.07m. The aquifer thickness varied across the study area from a value of 8.32m around ChukwumaNwoha to 199.42m measured at Agbala. Areas having high aquifer thickness also have corresponding high Transmissivity values and so have high groundwater potential. High transverse resistance above 10000Ω were observed in areas around Owaelu, while low values of 3100Ω and less were observed in areas such as Emekuku. Areas around VES 6, 11 and 15 are underlain by high Longitudinal conductance aquifer materials. Transmissivity values are fairly high and varied from 264m2/day at Azaraegbelu to 276m2/day at Shoprite Egbu. The study revealed that the study area has good prospect for sustainable groundwater supply.
Page(s): 13-22 Date of Publication: 14 December 2022
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A study of the relaxation times of some polar solvents was carried out using the Cole-Cole relaxation model. The solvents; Methanol, Ethanol, Butan-1-ol were studied. The study was carried out within a frequency range of 100kHz and 50MHz and a temperature range of 100C and 500C. The following relaxation times: 0.09273 ns, 0.04073 ns, 0.03138 ns, 0.02082 ns and 0.01439 ns for methanol; 0.9360 ns, 0.6132 ns, 0.4031 ns, 0.2713 ns and 0.1812 ns for ethanol and 0.2385 ns, 0.1931 ns, 0.1424 ns, 0.1059 ns and 0.0796 ns for butan-1-ol at 10OC, 20OC, 30OC, 40OC and 50OC respectively were deduced using the slopes of the graphs plotted from the derived equation. The linear fit of the plotted points converged at the origin. The R2 values for each solvent under investigation, fitted perfectly. This eliminates the need for elaborate experimental analysis. As the temperature increases, the relaxation time decreased. These results can be used in drug design and synthesis at radio wave frequency range.
Page(s): 23-27 Date of Publication: 19 December 2022
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The needs for automation in home and offices have been so paramount in this era. Also, the subject of insecurity has become a big challenge in our society especially in Nigeria. In this study, construction and implementation of a home automation system was carried out based on Raspberry Pi. The system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture and sensor network. The Software for the system was written using Python programming language while the Smartphone mobile application was developed using Flutter Dart programming language. Result shows that, the Raspberry Pi which is the main controller reads sensor values like temperature, humidity, and motion from the sensors which includes Passive Infra-Red (PIR), Temperature and Humidity sensor which it publishes to the external clients (Smartphone Application) using Message queue telemetry (MQTT). Message commands for controlling devices and sensor data are exchanged between the system and external clients once a connection is established. If the System is scanned and motion is detected, an alarm is sounded.
Page(s): 28-33 Date of Publication: 19 December 2022
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To evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, and GC profile of the seed oil extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum. In the present research, solvent extraction by maceration was performed by using 95% n-Hexane. Phytochemical analysis of the n-Hexane extract was carried out. Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, balsam, and phenols were negative, while saponins, resins, terpenes, steroids and cardiac glycosides were positive. The Antimicrobial potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil extract was determined using the agar well diffusion method by the zone of inhibition on nutrient agar. MIC and MBC tests were performed to determine the relative antimicrobial properties of the extract. GC profile was also carried out to determine the constituents in the oil extracts. For the agar, well diffusion method of antimicrobial activity screening, all the concentrations of Trigonella foenum-graecum showed negative results in all the bacteria except for Bacillus subtilis. The extract is highly selective in terms of antimicrobial potency; the isolation of the active component(s) may present more insight. For the GC profile, 11 peaks were recorded.
Page(s): 34-42 Date of Publication: 20 December 2022
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It is necessary to have an LAPAN-TUBSAT (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional/ National Institute of Aeronautics and Space) (Technische University of Berlin Satellite) satellite data receiving system that is low cost and can be placed in various parts of Indonesia. This system will later spear head the data receiver and this meets all areas detected by the earth surveillance method in real time and can be recorded at the Earth Station. By using a helical antenna that is engineered independently with the rules of the S band at 2.22 GHz, it will be able to control the Indonesian region. The construction of this receiving antenna uses a helical antenna, a receiver antenna system that combines helix asa feed horn on a parabolic antenna is designed to be able to work at a center frequency of 2,220 MHz, a bandwidth of 27 MHz, LHCP polarization, and a minimum gain of 10 dB. With a Parabolic shaped reflection antenna with Prime Focus. With motor antenna is a full motion antenna with a perstep movement of 0.25 degrees on Azimuth and elevation. The Design will be acquisition the data from satellite, and with the helical antenna. The Helical that by requirement of the 2,22 GHz design. With the LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarization) and with the a bandwidth of 27 MHz. for the antenna parabola as a catcher of signal from satellite we use type of Primefocus wichis the point focal in the central face of parabola and we will put feed Horn that include inside is the Helical feed antenna. Antenna have a spesification Movement is 0,25 degrees per second With the successful engineering of the development of Helical antenna, it can also later apply it to various other satellites with adjustments to the dimensions of the antenna only and the receiving system.
Page(s): 43-49 Date of Publication: 21 December 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.71103Download PDF
Liver disease account for a reasonable percentage of medical admissions, and the synthetic drugs used for the treatment of the disease are sometimes ineffective and/or very expensive. Furthermore, the side effects associated with some of them are numerous. These and many other reasons shifted the interest of scientists for the search of plants with hepatocurative effect. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the curative effect of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) on rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DB) and total bilirubin (TB) were measured as markers of liver disease using standard methods, and compared among group I (Negative control), group II (Positive control), group III (Fed with food + 249mg/kg of extract), group IV (Fed with food + 580mg/kg of extract), group V (hepatotoxic rats treated with 249mg/kg of extract) and group VI (hepatotoxic rats treated with 580mg/kg of extract). The results showed that administration of the various concentration of the extract to healthy rats does not cause any harm to the liver. Also, the different concentrations of the extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the level of ALT, AST, ALP, DB and TB in treated groups (group IV and V) compared to group II. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of date fruit may have hepatocurative effect against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. This research may open the “gate” for the use of date fruit in treating liver disease in human, especially in places such as Northern Nigeria, where date fruit is cheaply abundant.
Page(s): 50-53 Date of Publication: 23 December 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.71104Download PDF
Most communal farmers in Chivi district of Zimbabwe rear indigenous chickens. However, the impact of interventions by government and non-government partners remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess impact of indigenous chicken production in semi-arid areas with a focus on Chivi district. The research focused on indigenous chickens as the enterprise has the potential to increase rural population income and in turn improve the nutrition for the rural population. A total of 160 indigenous chicken farmers were sampled from a population of 1240 who received past interventions in trainings, feed and chicks or pullets from development partners and government using a survey questionnaire. Variables such as age, farmer experience, education, type of dwelling, maize, cattle, goats, supplementary feed, type of housing, resting of fowl run, vaccinations and type of hatching method were found to be significantly affecting sales rate. Indigenous chicken production was found to be weakly profitable as a positive gross margin was obtained. The study also revealed that value chain actors in indigenous chicken production had no processors. It was concluded that though indigenous chicken production was profitable, the above stated factors affect impact of indigenous chickens. The value chain map had no processors. Capacitating farmers on poultry management and availing credit to finance production and marketing players is important to improve indigenous chickens among smallholder farmers.
Page(s): 54-63 Date of Publication: 23 November 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.71105Download PDF
The Bambui area is located at the foot of the Bamenda Mountains, which is part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The study area consists of different rock types such as alkali basalt, trachyte, rhyolite and ignimbrite with a granitic basement of the Pan Africa Fold belt. The main objective of this work was to assess the contamination and risk pose by heavy metals in stream sediments of Bambui area. Heavy metal in the representative stream sediment samples collected were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Elevated levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th, V, Zn, La, Fe and Ti could be attributed to geological and anthropogenic metal input sources in the area. Assessment of contamination factor, degree of contamination, modified degree of contamination, enrichment factor, ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index showed that the sediments had a low to high ecological risk index. Pollution load index (0.78-1.60), geo-accumulation load index (1.73-5641.91) and anthropogenic metal input (0-5.25) indicate heavy metal contamination in the study area. Geological origin, agricultural practices, municipal waste disposal and animal manure were identified as the major sources of heavy metals in the stream sediments of the study area.
Page(s): 64-75 Date of Publication: 24 December 2022
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Cheese has been known for long a time in human diet. It is a rich supply of protein and fat which make it nutritious and energy rich food that is suitable for people at all ages. Current advances in food science have revealed the role of cheese in nutrition and health. Apart from protein and energy, cheese has a high contribution of vital nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, bioactive peptides, fatty acids, and minerals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional compositions of cheese-like products from tiger nut and soybean milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA2A. Tiger nut milk and soymilk were produced from tiger nut tubers and soybean seeds respectively, using Standard methods. The milk was mixed for cheese production at different ratios, 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 0:100. The four samples were each inoculated with 4%v/v Lactobacillus plantarum strain AMA 2A. Calotropis procera extract serving the purpose of coagulant was cautiously added to the mixture and allowed to ferment for 24 hours for cheese formation. The chemical and nutritional compositions were determined using standard methods. Analysis of the cheese-like samples revealed the following ranges of proximate compositions: Moisture (36.54±0.67 – 50.55±0.64%), Carbohydrate (4.65±1.04 – 29.88±2.12%), protein (12.50±1.13 – 34.86±1.07%), ash (0.22±0.00 – 1.91±0.06%), fat (7.13±0.18 -24.43±2.02%) and crude fibre (0.200±0.00 – 0.815±0.40%). The mineral contents of the products had the following range (mg/kg): Calcium (23.93±1.17 – 55.74±0.79), magnesium (93.08±4.50 – 124.11±0.42) potassium (282.55±3.61 – 509.86±0.21), sodium (19.40±0.92 -34.26±1.17) iron (0.23±0.03 – 4.75±0.26) and manganese (15.71±1.00 – 59.45±2.26). The study revealed that the chemical and nutritional compositions of tiger nut-soybean cheese are such that can substitute dairy cheese in human nutrition.
Page(s): 76-80 Date of Publication: 26 December 2022
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