This research paper assessed the coping strategies employed by the members of the Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Adams, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was supported with logotherapy theory of Viktor Frankl. The main objective of this study was to identify the strategies that are used in coping with Covid-19 among the members of the Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Adams, Nairobi County. The study adopted embedded mixed method design. The target population was 1075 members of this parish. The sample size was 292 got through simple random sampling method techniques. The data collection was done through open and closed ended questionnaire and semi structured interview guide. The quantitative data was analysed by employing descriptive statistics analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Qualitative data was analyzed effectively in a narrative form using objective themes. The findings of this work, with the data collected from February 6-27, 2022, revealed that Covid-19 had both negative and positive influences on this community. Thus, the members of the Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish, Adams, Nairobi County, Kenya used different strategies to survive the Covid-19 attack
Page(s): 01-06 Date of Publication: 29 August 2022
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The attribute selection is considered a major phase that eliminates redundant attributes thereby improving the accuracy of the predictive or diagnostic model. Designing a model with unrelated attributes may influence the accuracy or result in more memory space used during diagnosis or prediction. This paper examined the impact of the filter-based attribute selection technique on the heart disease diagnostic model. Three filter-based techniques: Relief-F, Information Gain and Chi-square were applied to the heart disease dataset. Five tree-like learning algorithms: ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3), C4.5 Decision Tree, Reptree (RP), Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) were applied to classify the reduced attributes. The experimental results in terms of accuracy, precision and recall showed that the relief-f attribute selection outperformed information gain and chi-square with the best predictive accuracy of 93.4983% in IDE, the precision value of 0.93500 in IDE and recall value of 0.93500 in IDE classifier.
Page(s): 07-11 Date of Publication: 29 August 2022
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This manuscript addresses the impressions of Darcy-Forchheimer flow of hydromagnetic viscous incompressible fluid in a vertical infinite porous channel. The governing equations in dimensionless form is considered to the analysis. Implicit-finite difference scheme is employed to obtain the numerical solutions of the non-linear differential equations governing the flow. Relevance fluid flow quantities are found and portrayed graphically. Also, skin-friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are numerically examined. It is understood that velocity, temperature, and concentration of the fluid change substantially with Forchheimer parameter, variable viscosity parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, and chemical reaction parameter.
Page(s): 12-19 Date of Publication: 29 August 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7801Download PDF
Hash functions are important cryptographic primitives that map arbitrary length messages to fixed length message summaries such that: it is easy to compute the digest given a message, while invert the hash process (for example, finding a message that maps a summary of a specific message) is difficult. An attack against a hash function is an algorithm that nevertheless manages to invert the hash process. Hash functions are used in authentication, digital signature, and key exchange systems. The most widely used hash function in many applications is the Message Digest-5 (MD5) algorithm. In this paper we study the current state of the technique of realization of the preimage attack of MD5 using solver SAT, we try improvements in the process of encoding and resolution. An important part of our work is to use the methods of propositional logic to model the attack problem and to determine which heuristic leads to the best resolution. Our most important result is a new encoding of the addition to several operands which considerably reduce the time required for the SAT solvers to find a solution to coding’s previously known.
Page(s): 20-25 Date of Publication: 29 August 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7802Download PDF
World’s population increases by the day, calling for more modern technological needs, polymer blending is the alternative in the realm of material science and engineering because today’s technology necessitates materials with amalgamated properties that are deficient in conventional class of polymers. In this research work, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) were blended in various percentage proportions, which are 100% HDPE 0% PS, and 50% HDPE/50% PS. Various characterization research was conducted to determine the properties of both the PB1 and PB2 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). A water absorption test was also conducted on the prepared blends. The results revealed that the PB2 exhibits better properties than the PB1 due to more strength and water absorption
Page(s): 26-31 Date of Publication: 12 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7803Download PDF
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem that is increasing worldwide. About 700,000 people die each year from antimicrobial resistant infections. This coupled with the high burden of infectious disease, a high population density, and weak health systems makes Nigeria a priority country for interventions targeted at reducing the occurrence of resistant infections and ultimately lowering the disease burden. One way to achieve this is by instituting Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in our health facilities which aim at improving patient health outcome. The extent to which this has been achieved in Nigeria is unknown and this paper seeks to explore this. We conducted a cross sectional study on 14 hospitals selected from six states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. The study utilises a questionnaire designed and scripted into Open Data Kit (ODK) to assess the needs of an ASP in a hospital setting. We found that only a few hospitals have AMS structures in place 11(78.6%). In addition, patients are not engaged in AMS activities across hospitals which is a requirement for ASPs to be successful. Overall, the study has identified gaps in the AMS program which can be leveraged to improve AMS within hospital settings. Moreover, the results underscores the urgent need to establish and strengthen AMS programs in Nigeria to help reduce the disease burden and improve health outcomes of the population.
Page(s): 32-36 Date of Publication: 12 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7804Download PDF
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to withstand treatment with antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial use in children tends to be higher than in adults, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. In 2017, the percentage of antibiotics prescribed per patient encounter ranged from 26.8% to 71.1 with the highest proportion reported among children under five years of age, underscoring the need for AMS in pediatrics in Nigeria. A review of the literature on AMS in pediatrics across Nigeria show scanty studies. In view of this, the Centre for Initiative and Development (CFID) in collaboration with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) through a grant from Pfizer conducted needs assessment in six healthcare facilities in six States of Nigeria. This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted using well-structured questionnaire. The structured tools were administered to key hospital management in pediatrics department and data was analyzed using simple percentages. The study recorded low pediatrics AMS structures across all the six hospitals in six states. Results show that all the six hospitals do not produce antibiogram, Five hospitals 5(83.3%) do not have formal organizational structure for antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics, most hospitals do not have formulary. Results also show that most hospitals do not have specific clinical guidelines for management of common infectious diseases in pediatrics. This reflects that pediatrics AMS practice is still in its infancy across hospitals in Nigeria. Findings from this study identifies useful drivers that will help to effectively implement pediatrics AMS in Nigeria. This study therefore, calls for urgent need of implementing antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics across Nigeria which will be instrumental in spurring behavioral change towards rational dispensing and use of antibiotics in pediatrics and ultimately contribute towards reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance development and spread of resistant bugs, improve pediatrics patient health outcomes and preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics age groups.
Page(s): 37-42 Date of Publication: 12 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7805Download PDF
The stability of the power supply in Ghana and another part of Africa is a major concern to the community and shop owners. The need for alternative power supply support and switching of load between two power sources. The system will eliminate the need for manual intervention by sensing the main gridline supply and switching to a backup source. Automation charger over to the backup source will eliminate the delay and provide efficiency in production. The system will automatically switch back when main gridline power is restored back. the system uses a microcontroller as the main automatic changing over the process and other component consists of a power supply circuit consisting of a step-down transformer, rectifier, filter capacitor, voltage regulator, and sg3525 which perform the oscillation convention from DC to AC Renewable energy sources generating direct current will require inverters to produce the alternating current necessary for domestic and industrial use The design, construction, testing of this circuit, is satisfactorily in switching from mains supply to generator/renewable energy source(s) and vice versa
Page(s): 42-49 Date of Publication: 12 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7806Download PDF
This paper is intended to be a study concerning ground water quality at Refinery in Nagpur city, Maharashtra. Regional and seasonal variation of some physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients salts, total phosphorus , in addition , temperature, pH, conductivity , dissolved oxygen ,chemical oxygen (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) were determined for the estimation of pollution load during January to December 2011.The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance .A monitoring network was set at representative site in the whole studied area and water samples were taken regular basis for laboratory analysis . Important variations have occurred in the investigated area as a result of oil refinery works and discharge of waste water. All the calculated ground water quality parameters in studied lakes showed fair water quality rating in autumn season which then change to medium in winter seasons and higher during rainy seasons. The situation is alarming and degradation is in continues process, therefore immediate action is required for its better management
Page(s): 50-59 Date of Publication: 12 September 2022
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The practice of finding instances of semantic objects of a certain class, including people, cars, and traffic signs, in digital photos and videos is known as object identification or detection. Due to the development of high-resolution cameras and their widespread usage in everyday life, the detection is one of the most difficult and rapidly expanding study fields in computer science, particularly in computer vision. For automatic object recognition, several researchers have experimented with a variety of techniques, including image processing and computer vision. In this research, we employed a deep learning based framework YOLOv3 using Python, Tensorflow, and OpenCV to identify objects in real time. We do a number of tests using the COCO dataset to verify the effectiveness of the suggested strategy. The results of the experiments show that our suggested solution is resource and cost effective since it uses the fewest frames per second.
Page(s): 60-63 Date of Publication: 16 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7809Download PDF
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a debilitating condition that enlarges the prostate and surrounding tissues mostly in men in their 50’s. This inflammatory process can lead to uncontrolled passage of urine, incomplete urine flow, dribbling at the end of urine stream, hematuria and inability to ejaculate. Zingiber officinale (Zo) and Solanum lycopersicum (Sl) are known to have anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effect on the prostate. A completely randomized experimental design was used for this study. A comparative analysis of the two plant extracts were carried out against the standard drug dutasteride (Brand name: Tamsudart) on male albino rats for 30 days. The animals were grouped into six. Analysis of Prostate Specific Antigen, C-reactive protein, Serum electrolytes, and stress markers such as malondialdehyde were assayed, and the prostate weight checked. The positive control group were slightly elevated p<0.05, the standard drug and Zingiber officinale (Zo) extract group had a significant reduction of tumour, while the Solanum lycopersicum (Sl) group was not significant. The cocktail group of 100mg Zo and 100mg Sl were effective in reducing prostate size. The combination of the two plants as a cocktail gave a synergistic effect in reducing prostate size but singly Zo had a better outcome than Sl. This study is tailored towards averting surgical procedures like open prostatectomy and Trans urethral resection of the prostate with attendant complications. The study is therefore of immense health care and economic benefit to especially third world nations where poverty, health care facilities and human resource are grossly inadequate or completely absent as evident in this post-pandemic era
Page(s): 64-70 Date of Publication: 17 September 2022
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The study undertook a comparison between methods of feed formulation among small-holder farmers because most poultry products in Nigeria come from this segment. Most poultry farmers were females (51.7%) because their male counterparts were into other aspects like arable farming and palm wine tapping in the study area. All (100%) had one form of education. Most respondents kept a relatively large family used as labor supplements. Age was significant at (p<0.10) and Access to facilities expansion was significant at (p<0.05) but they were positively signed while Education was also significant at (p<0.05) and had a negative sign. The cost of operation like the (Average Total Cost (A TC), Average Total Fixed Cost (TFC) and Average Total Variable Cost (TVC)) were higher for the farmer using commercially formulated feeds but the profitability parameters like the Gross Margin (GM) and profit were also higher for an average farmer using commercially formulated feeds. Although the two systems were profitable, using commercially formulated feeds gives more prospects for expansion which is needed in the poultry sub-sector of the Nigerian agriculture.
Page(s): 71-77 Date of Publication: 20 September 2022
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Machine learning is a vast field of research. The idea is to build a machine learning-based cad system for breast cancer detection using mammogram image data. At first, we use supervised classification techniques in our mammogram image data and then feed the classified data into the GCN model for detection. We investigated that the GCN model can give better accuracy than traditional machine learning models. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that women suffer the most. But breast cancer can be detected early. The vast amount of research shows that if breast cancer is successfully detected early, the patient life can be 99% saved early. A screening mammogram is the other most useful thing in the detection of breast cancer. According to researchers, with the help of mammograms breast cancer can be detected three years earlier before the start of cancer symptoms. Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) is a new field of convolutional machine learning. Unlike CNN, GCN follows a non-Euclidian approach which can show better results in image classification. We aim to investigate the GCN model into breast cancer mammogram image data, that it can give better accuracy than traditional machine learning models. After evaluating our proposed GCN algorithm to four others, we discovered that GCN achieved the accuracy of 81 percent.
Page(s): 78-86 Date of Publication: 21 September 2022
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In this study, the environmental risk of some selected heavy metals in soil among small-scale automobile repair workshops in brownfields urban of Damaturu LGA, Yobe state, Nigeria was assessed. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the presence of selected heavy metals in the soil; compared the concentration of heavy metals with European council for European communities (EC), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) standards for soil quality. Soil samples were collected from selected automobile workshops site along Maiduguri, Gujba, Potiskum and Gashua roads respectively at the depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25cm. A simple random sampling method was adopted for the study. Analysis were carried out using mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. Mean concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples (mgkg-1) ranged from 24.49+4.18-58.18+2.60, 3.32+1.12-7.85+0.42, 19.29+2.42-40.09+1.74, 53.54+20.08- 173.74+8.51, 20.95+0.83 – 46.93+2.28 for Pb, As, Se, Fe and Cd respectively. All the values recorded for the selected heavy metals in the samples were within the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO except selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) which were found to be above the permissible limit. The concentration of lead (Pb) was found to be significant (P˂0.05) at depth 5-10cm (36.26b). So also, the concentration of Cd and As in Maiduguri road was found to be significant (P˂0.05) at a depth 20-25cm (32.72b) and 10-15cm (7.13b) respectively while no significant difference was observed in Gashu’a road between the whole soil depth (P˃0.05) recorded respectively. There is a significant differences (P >0.05) in the concentration of Se in both road at some certain soil depth. The concentration of Fe was found to be significant (P˂0.05) at both road except in Potiskum road. The results indicated that soil qualities varied between slightly contaminated to highly polluted status. This showed that the heavy metal contamination of the soils do not call for any alarm; however, it is recommended that, proactive measures must be taken to minimize accumulation of these metals in the soil; health and environmental talks should also be given occasionally to automobile operators to be more safety conscious and embrace environmentally friendly practices that will enhance their performance and work operations
Page(s): 87-95 Date of Publication: 21 September 2022
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Persea americana is a Scientific Name for Avocados. They are a good source of micronutrients like iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and copper because of their high concentration of these vital trace elements. These are essential to the human body because they boost the immune system and carry out processes including respiration, cell synthesis, and transcription. This study aimed at assessing the levels of essential trace elements, which include; zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, and copper in the selected two avocado varieties, (Hass and Fuerte). The metal elements were examined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In Hass avocados, magnesium concentrations were found to be 0.1197 ±0.0107 mg/g, manganese 0.0077±0.0017 mg/g, iron 0.0368±0.0044 mg/g, zinc 0.0209±0.0029 mg/g), and copper 0.0019±0.0001 mg/g. The magnesium level was 0.1434±0.0069 mg/g, manganese 0.0058±0.0006 mg/g, iron 0.0252±0.0041 mg/g, zinc 0.02102±0.0013 mg/g, and copper level was 0.0017 0.0005 mg/g in the Fuerte avocado variety. According to these findings, the avocado varieties did not have significantly different quantities of critical elements. The avocado fruit varieties studied were able to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) requirements for manganese and copper minerals and half the RDA for zinc and iron. From the study, it was shown that a fresh piece of avocado of mass 200 g can provide more than half the RDA for manganese, zinc, iron, and copper essential elements. We recommend avocado inclusion in the diet as it provides essential trace elements for the human body hence reducing the rise of non-communicable diseases.
Page(s): 96-100 Date of Publication: 21 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7807Download PDF
The geometrical growth and sudden transformation of technologies as a result of Covid-19 have provided an evolutionary means of learning online with sophisticated and enabling devices with a click. Teaching and learning online, though enabling flexibility and interactivity between the teacher and students, yet requires regulations and policies that coordinate and balance different expectations of learners and teachers. These standards and values called ethics are to be adhered to achieve the desired online goals, while avoidance of them would be mounted to immoral attitudes and behaviours that weaken online activities. The study discusses and identifies ideal ethics expected in online teaching and learning from all online activities stakeholders. It further explains how violating the regulations and policies would weaken the effective and efficient running of training, skills, and lectures online. The interview instrument was used to collect data from the students in form of focus groups, while students were asked open-ended questions using Google form on social media platforms. To ensure validity and reliability of the instruments, researcher colleagues validated the content and structure of the instruments before being subjected to reliability statistics to ensure a high-reliability index. The administration was done within three weeks. The results gotten were collated and analyzed with charts and pictorials for easy interpretation and visualization. The results establish that online participants should always respect and strictly adhere to codes and conducts that will give room for convenient teaching and learning and also encourage a high rate of retention in learners. To sum up, policies and regulations to run smooth teaching and learning online should always be read to involve participants each time to access learning online as a prerequisite to accessibility
Page(s): 101-104 Date of Publication: 21 September 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7808Download PDF
The uncontrolled disposal of yeast factory wastes is not properly designed in most areas. The most common practice followed is evaporation pools or direct discharge for drying on soil which causes severe harm and damages the soil properties affecting its quality and, subsequently deteriorating the quality of groundwater and surface water of the adjoining areas. India being an agriculture-based country has a great demand for water for irrigation purposes. The use of wastewater for irrigation purposes is quite a common practice in India resulting accumulation of toxic substances on the soil. So far there is a lack of reliable information regarding the long-term effects of YFW application on agricultural land. This study assesses the effects of YFW disposal on underlying soil properties in the wider disposal.
Page(s): 105-108 Date of Publication: 22 September 2022
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