In the Digital Library fields, Ontology can be used to organize bibliographic descriptions, represent and expose the contents of the document, and share knowledge between users. In the proposed IR model, preprocessing, context matching, and calculating similarity values steps are included. The algorithm for the formatting of SPARQL query is developed in the context matching step of IR model. Ontology-based IR system for Digital Library is implemented in Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) by using the XML Web Service technology and ASP.NET. The architecture of the proposed system consists of file storage for documents, one ontology dataset, and two programming components: Digital Library Web Service and Web Application. In this proposed system, Web Ontology Language (OWL) is used to design Ontology for Digital Library using Protégé v3.5 tool. Functions for publication and retrieving of documents are implemented as a web service by using the C# programming language. The user interface is designed and implemented as a web application in ASP.NET platform for consuming the functions of web service. The performance of this research paper, the precision, recall, and F-values are measured and compared. According to the comparison results, the Ontology-based IR system is more accurate in searching for ObjectProperty type. As a result, the proposed system serves user-friendly, high- performance and scalable semantic search for information from the digital library.
Page(s): 01-07 Date of Publication: 08 July 2022
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Hypertension is among the several chronic diseases in human life and people have learned to live with it but ensure it is in good control. Hypertension can either be defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140mm of Hg or greater and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90mm of Hg or greater, in simple terms hypertension is any blood pressure that is greater than 140/90mm of Hg. This research was set to investigate time to control hypertension among adults. Survival analysis of 66 patients with hypertension, adults aged 18 years and above, was carried out to estimate the time taken to control hypertension and assess the association as well as the impacts of the covariates namely: age, sex, hypertension stage, and diabetes status of the patients. Descriptive research through a retrospective cohort study was used to review the records of 66 patients sampled from the total number of hypertensive adults in Kerugoya Hospital by the use of a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics analysis was done using a non-parametric method, Kaplan Meier (KM) method to estimate overall time to control by fitting survival function on the event, while Cox Proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis to assess the impact of the variables and to determine the adjusted hazard ratio. Log-rank test also compared time to control curves for different variables. Data analysis was done by the use of statistical software (R – Studio and SPSS) whose output shown that hypertension stage was the only significant factor for time to control hypertension with a p-value of (1.77E-05) while the rest of the covariates sex, age and diabetes status were insignificant. Log rank test output showed that there was no difference in the control curve for both sex and age while as there is a significant difference in the control curve for both hypertension stage and diabetes status.
Page(s): 09-14 Date of Publication: 11 July 2022
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The importance of a routine health check-up for elderly patients, as well as the documentation of that check- up, cannot be overstated. Maintaining adequate documentation for a patient by himself or by his attendance, on the other hand, is extremely difficult. This paper primarily focuses on developing a framework that includes a smartphone application and introduces a real-time remote monitoring system for basic medical treatment of an elderly patient. It can keep track of a patient’s emergency contacts. Using the SMS manager API, emergency contacts can receive messages with the patient’s daily health alerts. Furthermore, the system will keep track of the patient’s symptoms, and if anything goes wrong for a continuous period of time, the system will automatically send out reminders to schedule medical appointments. For medical appointments, a patient may be able to search for nearest doctors and schedule an appointment for him via the system. Here, Google map technology is used to search nearby doctors. A reminder is introduced in this system where all of the activities for a patient are notified on a regular basis.
Page(s): 15-19 Date of Publication: 12 July 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7601Download PDF
The development of energy efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicle operations was proposed in this work. Tremendous and remarkable achievements have been recorded in the area of unmanned aerial vehicle operations with regards to energy efficiency. The principal aim of energy efficiency while maintaining accurate collision avoidance. Characterization of the energy consumption of a conventional unmanned aerial vehicle was first carried out, then, A successful characterization was followed by development of a Simulink model of the conventional unmanned aerial vehicle with the characterized parametric values as input for simulation. With a reliable simulation result, then a model on energy efficiency was developed. This model was simulated in order to validate and justify the work. Velocity and energy-time graphs were plotted to show the relationships of velocity and time of unmanned aerial vehicle flight as well as energy expended and time. Computations from the plotted graphs show an energy efficiency of 8.3% over a conventional operation of unmanned aerial vehicle without the application of the technique in this research. This is the percentage of improvement. It is a justification and validation of this research on the use of energy efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicle operations. It has been established that energy consumption in unmanned aerial vehicle operations is influenced by its mode of operation at a given time. There is an obvious reduced running cost with energy efficiency.
Page(s): 20-24 Date of Publication: 16 July 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7602Download PDF
This article seeks to examine the role of customs and tradition in fostering gender education at tertiary level in Cameroon. The impact of traditional societies on the promotion of gender education in Cameroon is a vital premise to look at. Traditional societies through traditional norms, values, rites and practices constitutes some of the obstacles in enhancing educational equality at tertiary level, and as such factors prevents students especially female students from life- long learning, that is women and young girls are hindered from ascending to higher education. Hereby, preventing them from becoming pertinent actors in the socio-political and economic development of the nation. Within the context of this study the social learning theory by Dorothy smith with the standpoint theory, which states “once level of education determines where he or she stands in the society” since women have limited access to tertiary education, they are also less represented in at the workplace and in public spaces. The study was carried out using the mixed method qualitative and quantitative research method whereby, the main instruments for data collection were the questionnaire, focus group discussion guide and interview guide. The simple random sampling techniques and the purposeful sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of 420 for the study. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The statistical instrument used to analyze quantitative data was the spearman rank correlation and the following results were obtained. Here hypothesis the p-value was less than the alpha, and the correlation coefficient was 0.657. Based on this we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that Customs and traditions significantly influence the promotion of gender education
Page(s): 25-32 Date of Publication: 16 July 2022
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ln Ghana most of the people are farmers, Agriculture is one of the soul occupations. So there always comes a need for improvement in the field of agriculture. This project is an automated real-time Poultry Feeding system that is intended to provide automation for poultry feeding poultry farmers are performing diverse operations manually which result in production and laborious cost of human involvement in poultry farms, this led to huge financial loss as a result of their inability to properly automate. Unfortunately, the involvement of poultry farms in the feeding system of poultry could lead to disease outbreaks, undue fatigue, and malnutrition of birds. These challenges in the poor feeding system of birds prompted this research work by developing a real-time poultry feeding system based on (Arduino board) that could mimic the roles of the poultry attendants in feed dispensing for birds at specified time intervals. In this project, the user is allowed to control the poultry faster and more efficiently. It is composed of automated devices like Arduino Boards, tyrosine which checks the level of the feeding, and DS3231 RTC to feed the poultry. A real-time Poultry Feeding system is more efficient than the manual process of poultry feeding. Thus, the project minimizes the time to feed the poultry and it makes the poultry more productive.
Page(s): 33-38 Date of Publication: 17 July 2022
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The study focused on the production of muffins incorporated with mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel flour, replacing some of the refined wheat flour. Several formulations were developed at levels of 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent of Mango kernel flour in preparation of muffins while maintaining all other ingredients as constant. The prepared mango kernel flour was first evaluated for proximate composition and then prepared muffins were evaluated for proximate composition and sensory properties to select the best acceptable formulation. Proximate Composition of Mango kernel flour (variety: Karthakolommaban ) revealed that the moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber content and carbohydrates as 7.79 ±0.20, 9.36 ±0.07, 9.59 ±0.04, 1.76 ± 0.16 and 70.69 % respectively. Organoleptic parameters of prepared muffin samples revealed that mango kernel flour in the muffin formulation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the acceptance of the product. Overall scores indicated highly acceptable for F1-10%, F2-20% and F3- 30% comparable to control (F0). Thus, considering the acceptance, muffins with 30 % mango kernel flour incorporation stood as the optimized product. According to the color characteristics, the amount of darkness in the samples increased as the polyphenol content of the muffin increased due to the addition of mango kernel flour. Comparison of the proximate compositions of organoleptically accepted muffins (30% mango kernel flour) and control muffin samples revealed an increase in moisture content, protein, fat, and ash in the mango kernel incorporated muffin sample. The study concluded that incorporating 30% mango kernel flour results in an acceptable muffin with improved nutrient profile and sensory properties
Page(s): 39-42 Date of Publication: 18 July 2022
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Noise pollution has become a serious problem nowadays due to industrial development and Urbanization. Industrial noise in particular is exceeding being an environmental issue to be a health issue for workers. In this study, we investigated the noise levels in industrial areas in Oman, specifically the largest industrial area in North A’ Sharqiyah region. This study has been conducted in Ibra industrial area, in which the area covered for the study is around 3 km2 which includes more than 200 workshops. Twenty-one different zones have been selected within this area to measure the noise levels. The noise levels were measured using the sound level meter (S/N:2019023967) with a measuring range of (30 to 130 dB) and an accuracy of 1.5 dB. The measurements have been conducted in two time intervals and on different days during the week. The primary sources of noise have been identified to be from workshops. The results have been compared to the Omani standards issued by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs and it was found that the industrial area had higher levels of noise and it is beyond the Oman standard norms. The average exposure time of high noise has been calculated during working hours to be 3 hours per day.
Page(s): 43-47 Date of Publication: 18 July 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7603Download PDF
The complex facies architecture in turbidite systems has necessitated the use of sequence stratigraphic methods in characterising thin reservoirs of the “AFUN” Field, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. 3D post-stack time migrated seismic, biostratigraphic data, core data as well as a suite of composite well log data from six wells drilled within the study area were the dataset used for this study. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the study area involved the interpretation of biostratigraphic data of AF-SW1 well. Time significant surfaces and their respective ages were identified on this well using the chronostratigraphic correlation of all the well logs across the study area. The stacking trends were used to delineate sequence stratigraphic surfaces and the stacking patterns used to delineate systems tracts, and define stratigraphic sequences. The analysis yielded seven depositional sequences based on dated Sequence Boundaries and Maximum Flooding Surfaces. Six Lowstand Systems Tracts (LST) were delineated and includes the Lowstand Slope Fan (LSF) and Lowstand Prograding Wedge (LPW) varieties. LSF and LPW are predicted to be submarine fan deposits which were vertically smeared by pro-deltaic mud. Seventeen reservoirs exist were identified within the field of study with eleven in the Lowstand System Tracts and six of the reservoirs belonging to the Highstand System Tracts. Most of the reservoirs in “AFUN” Field were deposited during LST while the TST (comprising mainly shales) serve as seals that capped the reservoirs. Reservoir quality of “AFUN” field was interpreted based on depositional features which control reservoir characteristics in different facies of the reservoirs. This study has therefore, revealed that the stratigraphic traps with different reservoir sands can be characterized based on their associated system tracts for field development.
Page(s): 48-54 Date of Publication: 23 July 2022
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This study analyzed the impact of ICT adoption by SMEs owner-manager on decision-making. The paper also explored the relationship that exists between owner-managers’ academic qualifications and decision-making. A quantitative approach was adopted to enable the researchers’ to explore relationships between variables and test hypotheses. Questionnaires with 19 scales adopted from past studies were used to collect data from 400 participants that had been selected using random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed in STATA 11. Findings from the study shows that ICT adoption greatly improves decision-making. Hypothesis test has proved that a significantly positive relationship exists between ICT adoption and decision-making. There is a negative relationship between owner-managers’ education and decision-making. Practical implications shows that poor decision-making is the reason behind the failure of most SMEs. ICT adoption improves decision-making by providing owner-managers with a platform to gather all necessary information before making strategic decisions. Firms with owner-managers that harness ICT are likely to be successful as a technological culture strengthens competitive advantage.
Page(s): 55-58 Date of Publication: 23 July 2022
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The chemical synthesis of acetyl resorcinol with glacial acetic acid and resorcinol in presence of zinc chloride as catalyst to obtain acetyl resorcinol was the adopted procedure. The resulting acetyl resorcinol are complexed with the following metals Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+ and Co2+ ions. The acetyl resorcinol and its complexes were characterized using IR Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) as well as melting point. The IR Spectrum revealed the functional groups present. The IR absorption shows characteristic behaviour in the sense that, OH group found in 4 – Acetyl resorcinol in the region v(OH):3,303.35cm-1 was absent in the complexes due to deprotonation and co- ordination between metal ion and oxygen of phenol. The type of ligands involved were bidentate and polydentate ligands. The GC/MS studies showed the molecular weight (mass) of the complexes formed. The Mass Spectroscopy of all the compounds show molecular ion peaks indicating molecular weight of the various compounds hence showing that chelation has taken place. Interestingly, all the synthesized compounds were obtained in good yield (74.20% – 90.10%) The antibacterial of the acetyl resorcinol and its metal complexes were screened against Salmonella enteric, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was observed that the growth of micro-organisms were inhibited in acetyl resorcinol, Co complex, Mn Complex. The Fe Complex inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but could not inhibit others while Cr Complex inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli but could not stop others. This study shows that chemical synthesis and complexation have taken place and the knowledge gained will help to advance the course of bioinorganic and inorganic chemistry.
Page(s): 59-64 Date of Publication: 29 July 2022
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This study aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals in the upper soil of Obuguru and Burutu communities in the Niger Delta. From both communities, twelve (12) composite soil samples were collected. The analysis of heavy metals {performed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)} revealed that Fe had the highest concentration in all soil samples studied. The general order from the highest concentration of heavy metals to the lowest was Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cd > Cr > Pb > Cu in Obuguru and Fe > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr in Burutu. Cadmium (Cd) was found to be the major metal pollutant in the soil of the study area. The concentrations of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) were below the department of petroleum (DPR) target values for soil, while the concentrations of the other metals studied (Zn, Pb, Ni, and Co) varied between below and above the target limit. The results of the analysis of the correlation matrix show that the metals in the study area have different degrees of relationship
Page(s): 65-73 Date of Publication: 29 July 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7604Download PDF
Rhyncostylis sp. propagation by multi-shoot system induction from meristem culture in invitro. It take more labor, energy, large area, and high cost. Plant cell technology is effective way for micropropagation in bioreactor. Protocorm like bodies were used as planting materials. Somatic embryo callus were initiated on medium MS + IAA (1.0 mg/l). Somatic cell suspension were cultured for initiation and for proliferation on medium MS + 2.4D (0.5 mg/l) + kinetin (1 mg/l). The volume of somatic cell suspension for bioreactor cultivation was 20%. Somatic embryo suspension were cultured in bioreactor for initiation and proliferation on the medium MS + NAA (0,5 mg/l) + 2.4D (1 mg/l). Embryogenic suspension was stimulated on the medium MS + NAA (0.3 mg/l) + BA (0.3 mg/l). In vitro shoots of Rhynchostylis were plating and regeneration on the medium MS + NAA (0,1 mg/l) + BA (0,5 mg/l). Plantlets were enhanced growth and development in immersion-bioreactor cultivation by sinking/rising floated 1min/4hrs. Temperature, light intensity and stirring in stirring-bioreactor cultivation were favoured at 26+2oC, 11,1-22,2 μmol/m2/s, and 30 rpm. Micropropagation of Rhynchostylis sp. by bioreactor technique was set up to produce 6,800 plantlets per one liter of somatic embryogenesis suspension
Page(s): 74-79 Date of Publication: 30 July 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7605Download PDF