Improvement in technology has helped in improving the processes humans are involved in, enhancing their continuity and aiding adaptation even in times of paradigm shift, such is in the case of education and/learning. COVID-19, a global pandemic virus which took the world aback with its emergence in 2019 and stalled various processes and activities in the world including education. Again, the need to improve on existing virtual learning system to aid thorough and smooth learning process and its suitability for the local environment became an issue in the educational sector. In this paper, an Improved and reliable Virtual Learning Management System for Covid-19 era as supplementary and veritable alternative to the physical class for lecturers and students respectively was developed and presented.
Page(s): 01-06 Date of Publication: 01 February 2022
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The study analyzed the value chain of groundnut in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State in North Eastern Nigeria. It described the socioeconomic characteristics of value chain actors, determined the cost and returns along the groundnut value chain and identifies the constraints faced by the actors along the groundnut value chain. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample 144 respondents which served as sample size and the data obtained were analyzed using gross margin and descriptive statistics. The results of the socio-economic characteristics shows majority (83%) of the actors involved their falls between 21-40 years were at active age, 70.14% were female, 58.33% were married , most (97.23%) attended one form of formal education or the other and their major sources of capital to actors obtained capital from personal savings (73.61%). The average gross margin of the actors shows that processor of cake, processor of roasted groundnut, producers of groundnut and marketers of groundnut earned ₦17,720.00, ₦8,893.00, N 12,900.00 and ₦6,450 per 100kg of shelled groundnut respectively. It was also found that inadequate capital. pest and disease and poor verities of groundnut were the major constraints limiting groundnut production in the study area. It was concluded that value chain of groundnut is profitable though the actors faces some challenges. The study therefore, recommend both government and non-governmental organizations should provide soft loan to the actors to enable them to expand their ventures, to boost up activities along the groundnut value in the study area there is need to provide them with modern processing technologies so as to add more value to the products along the chain. There is need to gear in providing subsidizing input prices to the actors by governmental and non-governmental organization.
Page(s): 07-10 Date of Publication: 02 February 2022
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The delay in transmitting data from one point to the other has necessitated to introducing enhancing cognitive radio spectrum sensing using intelligent routing technique. This can be achieved in this manner; characterizing the base station, determining the interference, congestion, high bit error rate, from the characterized network that prevents spectrum sensing and causes network failure, designing a fuzzy based rule for cognitive radio spectrum sensing that would reduce high bit error rate and congestion in the system and designing a SIMULINK model for enhancing cognitive radio spectrum sensing using intelligent routing technique. The results obtained for highest conventional congestion is 2.21 while that when intelligent routing is incorporated is 1.946 at day seven. Similarly highest conventional bit error rate occurred at day one is 0.000084bits while the highest bit error rate when an intelligent routing occurred at the same day one is 0.00007394bits. With these results obtained, it shows that using intelligent routing gives better network performance in terms of transmitting data fast than when conventional method is applied in the system.
Page(s): 11-15 Date of Publication: 02 February 2022
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Stock Market can be easily seen as one of the most attractive places for investors, but it is also very complex in terms of making trading decisions. Predicting the market is a risky venture because of the uncertainties and non-linear nature of the market. Deciding on the right time to trade is key to every successful trader as it can lead to either a huge gain of money or totally a loss in investment that will be recorded as a careless trade. The aim of this research is to develop a prediction system for stock market using Fuzzy Logic Type-2 which will handle these uncertainties and complexities of human behaviour in general when it comes to buy/hold/sell decision making in stock trading. The proposed system was developed using VB.NET programming language as frontend (interfaces) and Microsoft SQL Server as backend (database).A total of four different technical indicators were selected for this research. The selected indicators are the Relative Strength Index (RSI), William Average (WA), Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD), and Stochastic Oscillator (SO).These indicators serve as input variable to the Fuzzy System. The MACD and SO are deployed as primary indicators, while the RSI and WA are used as secondary indicators. Fibonacci retracement ratio (Tuning Factor) was adopted for the secondary indicators to determine their support and resistance level in terms of making trading decisions. The input variables to the Fuzzy System is fuzzified to “Low”, “Medium”, and “High” using the Triangular and Gaussian Membership Function. The Mamdani Type Fuzzy Inference rules were used for combining the trading rules for each input variable to the fuzzy system. The developed system was tested using sample data collected from ten different companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for a total of fifty-two periods. The dataset collected are Opening, High, Low, and Closing prices of each security. These datasets were used for calculating the technical indicators and also for evaluating the performance of the system. The developed system outperformed other existing system and therefore the output can be used to draw inference in terms of making buy/hold/sell trading decisions.
Page(s): 16-23 Date of Publication: 03 February 2022
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The site of electrical power plants has been a subject of interest due to the advent of electricity and the distance between energy sources (mines, oil and gas fields, and water bodies for renewable energy) and distance load (cities and industrial hubs) centers. The quest for sufficient energy infrastructure to propel Nigeria’s huge and growing population of about 190 million and also to power the much-anticipated industrialization and economic growth and development made government embark on unprecedented investment in natural gas and electricity generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure. The Geregu gas turbine project, located in Geregu, Kogi State consist of a FGN 414 MW open cycle gas turbine commissioned in 2007 and a NIPP 444 MW open cycle gas turbine commissioned in 2013. These turbines are fed with atural gas from Oben gas fields in Edo state through 36 inches, 196 km pipeline whose construction cost is $228,317,572.65 and with revenue form current transportation charges of $0.80/MSCF, has a payback period of sixteen years. However, if the power plants were to be sited in Edo State and a 330 KV transmission line constructed from the power plant to Kogi state, the construction cost would have been $123,426,000.00 and with revenue from current tariff charges of $8.76/MWH, the payback period is 12 years. Hence it is cheaper to construct the power plant in Edo state and evacuate the generated energy via 330 kV transmission lines to Kogi state than to construct the plant in Kogi state and supply natural gas to it via pipeline. Nevertheless, the Oben-Geregu pipeline has throughput capacity of about 1.2 billion scf/d of gas and since the maximum gas requirement by the power plants is 210 MMSCF, the pipeline can serve additional installation requiring natural gas feed along its route thereby raking in additional revenue and thus reduction in its payback period.
Page(s): 24-33 Date of Publication: 03 February 2022
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Analysis of the effects of applying variable pressure gradient to a Magnetohydrodynamic fluid flowing between two parallel plates under the influence of variable transverse magnetic fields are investigated. The study involves a steady, incompressible hydromagnetic fluid flowing through parallel plates. The upper plate is considered porous moving in the opposite direction to the fluid flow while the lower plate remains stationary. The results obtained shows that velocity profiles decreases whenever Reynold number, magnetic number or suction parameter is increased. As the pressure gradient is increased, velocity of the flow increased but temperature decreased. Also, increase in suction number yields to increase in temperature profile.
Page(s): 34-39 Date of Publication: 03 February 2022
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The allocation and utilization of forest resources is closely related to forest land tenure policies. Problems related to overlapping claims to forest areas are basically related to the existence of various products that can be utilized from forest resources and other potential natural resources. This encourages various parties to “participate” in the utilization and use of forest areas, which in the end gives rise to disputes or disagreements over resources that lead to forest resource conflicts. The research focus is on the Implementation of Land Settlement in Forest Areas (PTKH) in Central Sulawesi Province. The study used a qualitative approach through field observations and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively-descriptively. The results show that Agrarian Reform is a constitutional mandate to provide a sense of justice in order to create prosperity for the people, and resolve forest area problems and conflicts. Completion of the ongoing control and use of land in forest areas through PTKH activities to provide a sense of justice in order to create prosperity for the people, and resolve forest area problems and conflicts. The implementation of PTKH is in the form of legalizing assets through the release of forest areas and legalizing access through social forestry licensing in Central Sulawesi Province with recommendations for settlement patterns for changing boundaries (asset rights) and social forestry licensing patterns (access rights).
Page(s): 40-46 Date of Publication: 03 February 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7101Download PDF
The delay in transmitting piece of information in our communication network as a result of inefficiency spectrum sensing has become a very big problem in our communication network this present era. The delay in transmitting network as a result of inefficiency in spectrum sensing can be overcome by improving spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using routing technique. It is done in this manner, characterizing the network understudy, determining the interference, congestion, high bit error rate, low signal to noise ratio from the characterized network that prevents spectrum sensing and causes network failure, designing a routing rule base that reduces interference, congestion in the network thereby enhances spectrum sensing and network performance, determining the shortest route that enhances easy flow of data and spectrum sensing, training the rule base to stick strictly in reducing interference, congestion and enhancing spectrum sensing, designing an algorithm for trained rule sensing in the network, designing a Simulink model for improving spectrum sensing in cognitive radio without using routing technique, designing a Simulink model for improving spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using routing technique and justifying and validating the network performance conventionally and using routing technique . The result obtained is conventional congestion of 3.05 and congestion when routing technique is used is 1.1000. The percentage congestion reduction when routing technique is used over conventional approach is 46.98%. With this results obtained, it shows that using routing technique has better spectrum sensing ability and free communication network than when conventional method is applied.
Page(s): 47-52 Date of Publication: 14 February 2022
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Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) have the potential of significantly improving the diagnosis of malaria in developing countries, especially where there is no adequate microscopy service for the diagnosis of malaria or act as a back-up to microscopy for inexperience personnel. However, the absolute reliance of these tests remains a problem due to uncertainty of the quality of the test and lack of confidence since there is no regulation and proper quality control. The remarkable decline in the performance of the MRDTs can be adversely affected by the high temperatures to which they were exposed to in a tropical country, manufacturer’s defects, poor storage facility, mishandling in the course of transportation and use of sub- standard materials in production. There is need for proper regulatory body to regulate the manufacturing and importation of RDTs against any unwholesome practice. Also, there is need to consider the importance of stability of diagnostic test during procurement.
Page(s): 53-59 Date of Publication: 15 February 2022
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This paper examined the attitude of private secondary school teachers, students and parents toward in-school vocational training, and it further investigated the difference in the attitude of the stakeholders. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of two private secondary school teachers, students and parents in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State. The sample size was 240 private secondary school students from four schools across classes (JS1 – SS2), their teachers and parents using simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire titled Attitude of Private Secondary School Teachers, Students and Parents toward In-school Vocational Training was used to elicit information from the respondents with a Likert scale response pattern. Data collected were analyzed using frequency and percentage counts and Anova. The results using simple percentages showed that 50.8% of the students had a positive attitude toward in-school vocational training; while the parents and teachers demonstrated a negative attitude 57.4%, and 67.5% respectively. In conclusion, the attitude of parents, teachers and students could influence students’ in-school vocational training.
Page(s): 60-68 Date of Publication: 15 February 2022
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The extraordinary improvement in biotech and medical sciences have given rise to an impactful data production from stour Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and it has contributed significantly to the Kaggle source from which the data for this research was obtained. The dataset consists of 1416 recorded cases of diabetic patients from 130 various hospitals in the United States. This study thus assesses the survival rate of diabetic patients using machine learning techniques, and determined the duration it will take a diabetic patient to survive based on the application of the most appropriate algorithm. The research tested the application of four different algorithms which include support vector machine, logistic regression, decision tree and k-nearest neighbors’ algorithm. In line with their accuracy measured by f1-score, precision, recall and support metrics; k-nearest neighbors is seen to outperform all other algorithms for predicting the survival rate of the patients. The research also revealed that it takes a diabetic patient 30 days to survive if the patient is placed on medications according to the available information, and that the medication given to the diabetic patients is less effective in the aged patients and more effective among the younger patients.
Page(s): 69-75 Date of Publication: 23 February 2022
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The adsorption properties of methylene blue dye, Bismarck brown Y dye, and Indigo dye on Cedrus libani (Elizabeth leaf) was investigated as a function of contact time, initial dye concentration, biomass dose, pH, dissolved salts, biomass particle size and temperature. This work is aimed at expanding the field of application of natural biomass for the treatment of dye waste effluents. The biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after adsorption in order to determine the functional groups responsible for the adsorption. In all the analyses, three experiments were conducted and mean values reported. The amount of the dye adsorbed per unit mass of the biomass (qe) was calculated and found to be dependent on all the variables investigated. Optimal pH of 2 was determined for the adsorption of Bismarck brown Y dye and Indigo dye, while a pH of 4was determined as the optimal pH for the methylene blue dye. Indigo dye was found to be the least adsorbed while Methylene blue dye was the most adsorbed within the same experimental considerations.
Page(s): 76-81 Date of Publication: 23 February 2022
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This paper presents the development of real time drowsy driver detection system. The study reviewed literature and identified that drowsy has remained a major cause of most road accidents. To address this problem a real time drowsy driver was developed using convolutional neural network and implemented as an accident prevention and control system using Mathlab. The result when tested showed that the system was able to detect drowsiness in real time which is very good.
Page(s): 82-86 Date of Publication: 26 February 2022
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An eco-epidemiological model interaction between hive and forager honeybee with consideration of varroa mite diseases spread in the ecosystem is represented. The model is governed by a new five-dimensional nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations to investigate the dynamics of the honeybee colony. The well-posedness of the model is established concerning the positivity and boundedness of solutions. The basic reproduction number (R0) was also computed, and a sensitivity analysis was carried out on R0. The stability of the equilibrium points was determined using the Jacobian matrix with the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to validate the result of the recovery class and analyzed the effect of social inhibition and disinfestation on an infected hive honeybee population in an eco-epidemiological model.
Page(s): 87-97 Date of Publication: 26 February 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7102Download PDF
Apium Graveolens L., is a member of the Apiaceaefamily. Apiaceae is a large family of mostly aromatic flowering plants whose leaf is commonly used as vegetables worldwide. The fresh leaves of Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) were crushed extracted with ethanol by Maceration and Fractionated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) analysis of the fractions of n-hexane and ethyl acetate were performed, important phytochemicals such as flavonoid, terpenoid and naturally occurring phhthalides were identified in the various fractions. The presence of flavonoid was revealed in n-hexane fraction with two spots whose R.f values are (0.82 and 0.58). Terpenoid presence was revealed in n-hexane fraction with two spots whose Rf values are (0.79 and 0.61) and also based on their observed colour change under ultraviolet light probably due to reaction with (vanillin-H2SO4). Phthalide was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with four spots under UV/10% H2SO4 with Rf values of (0.97, 0.67, 0.51 and 0.41). The findings provided the evidence that Apium GraveolensL. is a potent source of some medicinally important phytochemicals and natural products which justifies its use as medicinal plant and food flavourings. This can be further investigated for the isolation and structural analyses of the biological active phytochemical components for medicinal application.
Page(s): 98-102 Date of Publication: 28 February 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2022.7103Download PDF
This paper assessed the impact of fluid invasion on well performance and productivity. OLGA simulation of fluid invasion into the well was done to generate data points for modelling the effect of fluid invasion on well performance and productivity. From the simulations, about 32 data points were generated which were exported to excel and was analyzed using data analysis toolpak. The outcome of the analysis generated a multi variate correlation which equated well performance in terms of volume flow rate to independent variables including the tubing total fluid content in the well. The trend volumetric plots from OLGA were used to indicate the onset of fluid invasion into the well and for this study, the critical volume flow prior to the onset of fluid invasion was 450,000 sm3/day and this occurred after about 38 hours of flow. The implication of this is that, below this rate, the well is underperforming due to fluid invasion and the continuous experience of fluid invasion will later cause a total formation damage, and when this occurs, the production is completely interrupted. The correlation revealed that the relationship between fluid content in the wellbore and the well productivity is inverse. That is, a decrease in fluid content in the wellbore results to an increase in the well productivity. With this correlation, at any point in time t, the well productivity can be predicted and from the value of the volume flow rate of the well, it can be confirmed if the wellbore is underperforming due to fluid invasion or not. The correlation was validated using statistical analysis by assessing the R square, P, Significance F values and the trend plots of the predicted volume flow rates and actual volume flow rates. These tests confirmed that the correlation is statistically significant.
Page(s): 103-111 Date of Publication: 28 February 2022
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the key challenges facing the textiles and apparel firms in Zimbabwe focusing on Harare Province. The research design used was the descriptive research with a population of thirteen textiles and apparel firms. The study consisted of a sample of ninety four respondents. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The questionnaire consisted of sixty one structured questions. The questionnaire was given to experts at Solusi University for face and content validity. A pilot study was carried out in five companies randomly selected in Bulawayo Province. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined using the Cronbanch’s Alpha reliability method. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.3 was obtained and was very low, however when factor analysis was done the commonalities showed that all items were valid henceforth reliable. In addition seven factors were extracted accounting for 80.8% of the variance hence the researcher preceded with the final study. The data for the final study was collected from thirteen companies. Data was collected, coded and analysed using Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version sixteen. The study revealed that the major thirteen challenges the textiles and apparel firms were facing and the solutions respectively from the most critical one are growth, cost of capital, government policies, wage bill, management skills, technical skills, market share, imports, technology adoption and diffusion challenges, work experience, export challenges, firm size and management commitment. Based on these findings, recommendations were made.
Page(s): 112-158 Date of Publication: 28 February 2022
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