The broad objective of this paper is to determine the extent of relationship that exists between capacity planning and performance of brewing firms in South-South, Nigeria. Specifically, this study seeks to ascertain the type of relationship between lead strategy and product availability of brewing firms in South-South, Nigeria. The study was anchored on theory of constraint (TOC) postulated by Goldraft (1984). Survey research design was adopted for the study; a total population of three hundred and eighty-three (383) was used for the study. Census sampling method was used for the study because the population is a manageable size. The data collection tool employed by the researcher was the questionnaire, while the analysis of the data was done using the linear regression analysis. Results obtained from the test of hypothesis revealed that the relationship between lead strategy and product availability is significant and positive since (F = 11824.65; R-squared = 0.872; P <.05). Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that there exists a strong significant positive relationship between capacity planning and performance of brewing firms in South-South, Nigeria. Sequel to the conclusion, the researcher recommended that the focused firms should ensure the regular addition of production capacity in anticipation of demand as a result of its effect on product availability.
Page(s): 01-07 Date of Publication: 24 December 2021
Download PDF
In most developing countries, pharmaceutical effluents generated during drugs production are often times discharged into the environment with little or no treatment, which poses potential toxic effects on the ecosystem. This study investigated the physico-chemical properties of pharmaceutical effluents of three pharmaceutical origins in Lagos, Nigeria to ascertaining their levels of compliance with FEPA and WHO as regards effluents discharge. The operational parameters include: Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO-3). The mean values of pH of the effluents were 5.57±0.20, 7.34±0.38 and 6.71±0.58 for sites the PC1,PC2 and PC3 respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals, such as Copper, Zinc, Chromium and Iron were also determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations (mg/L) of the heavy metals range from 0.06 to 0.61 for copper,0.00 to 0.32 for chromium and 0.68 to 8.90 for Iron. The results obtained for the heavy metal concentrations were observed to fall within WHO/FEPA stipulated limits, while few of the water quality parameters were found to be higher, which indicate their extents of toxicity to man and his environment.
Page(s): 08-10 Date of Publication: 04 January 2021
Download PDF
Dairy products such as Nono can be contaminated by heavy metals through exposure of lactating cows to pollution or consumption of feed and water with toxicants. Nono may also be exposed to toxicants during the processes of production and marketing. Nono samples were bought from hawkers around three locations, Zungeru, Wushishi and Gwarjiko, in Wushishi Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. The Nono samples were wet digested and the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) were determined by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric technique. Percentage lactic acid, pH, total soluble sugar, % moisture content and % total solid were also determined using standard methods. The mean concentrations of Pb, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn were found to range from 0.756 – 0.769 mg/L, 0.379 – 0.390 mg/L, 0.351 – 0.354 mg/L, 1.075 – 1.080 mg/L and 0.234 – 0.389 mg/L respectively. The pH, titratable acidity (expressed as % lactic acid), total soluble sugar, % moisture content and % total solids were 3.85 – 4.06, 0.04 – 0.16%, 5.67 – 5.73, 8.08 – 8.30% and 91.70 – 91.92% respectively. There was no statistical difference between the means when compared at p≤0.05, but the concentrations of lead, manganese and iron were found to be above the permissible levels while the pH was slightly lower than the acceptable limit. Continuous monitoring of cattle water and feed, and use of appropriate containers in transit of raw milk and (finished) Nono are necessary so as to safeguard milk products from pollution.
Page(s): 11-15 Date of Publication: 04 January 2021
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.61201Download PDF
A comparative analysis was done at the Food Profiling Biotechnology Laboratory, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike, Umuahia to investigate the proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical compositions of Upland and Riverine accessions of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina). Riverine accession contained more Ash (9.45mg/100g) while Upland accession contained more crude fiber (4.17%),fat (2.44%),carbohydrate(40.54mg/100mg)and energy value (288k/cal).The presence of more ash in Riverine bitter leaf is a confirmation of the presence of more mineral elements. sodium (180.36mg/100g), magnesium(162.54mg/100g), phosphorus(27.8mg/100g), potassium(949.35mg/100mg), iron(1.13 mg/100g) and zinc (0.48 mg/100g). This makes it a very good source of minerals especially as it can be taken raw. The results showed that Riverine accession contained more Vitamin B1 (0.16 mg/100g) and Vitamin E (0.32 mg/100g). While the upland accession contained more of Vitamin B2 (0.22 mg/100g) and VitaminB3 (0.15 mg/100mg). Upland accession contained more Tannins (0.75%), Phytate (124.13 mg/100g), Steriods (0.002%) and Oxalate (1.48 mg/100g),Cyanogenic glycosides (44.77 mg/100g), Anthraquinone (0.06%) than Riverine Upland accession which contained more Saponin (0.21%). Total Phenols, Flavonoids and Alkaloids were not different. Correlation analysis between phytochemical and proximate components showed that the phytochemical components correlated positively at 0.01 level of significance among themselves and with the proximate components except for saponin, anthraquinone and steroids.
Page(s): 16-20 Date of Publication: 08 January 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.61202Download PDF
The objective of this work is to select the best chemo-material based on the attenuation coefficient. WinXcom software is used to study the attenuation coefficient of tissue, bone, gold, copper oxygen, water, and mixture. The mixture contains 0.5 fractional weight of gold, 0.3 fractional weight of copper, and 0.2 fractional weight of oxygen. The attenuation coefficient determines the loss of radiation when entering into the medium and loss determines the penetration depth of radiation and damage of materials. The amount of radiation loss when the radiation passes through samples gives the information to select the best chemotherapy materials. Because loss of radiation may be due to absorption, scattering ad emission of electrons from the target. In this work, we consider loss due to the emission of the electron because emitted electrons are used to kill the tumor cell. In this work, the mixture of gold, copper, and oxygen sample has a medium attenuation coefficient that means the emitted electron has the best preformation to kill the cancer cell. This is because the emitted electron has not had enough energy to reach healthy tissue and bone. Therefore, both healthy tissue and bone become safer when the mixture sample is used as a chemo-material instead of a single element. If a single element (Au, Cu, and O) is used as chemo-material for cancer therapy, the energy of electron emitted by Au is greater and it may affect the tissue and bone while the energy emitted from Cu and O has less energy and can’t kill the larger amount of cancer cell. Therefore, if the mixture of chemo-material of gold, copper, and oxygen is better and safer than the individual element to load the tumor for radiotherapy.
Page(s): 21-24 Date of Publication: 10 January 2022
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.61203Download PDF
The drastic slow in the transmission efficiency in multimedia optic fiber which has demoralized the moral of the egalitarian subscribers are as a result of congestion. This sad situation of congestion in the network is subdued by introducing enhanced transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber for long distance data transmission using ANN controller. It is done in this manner, characterizing the network under study, determining the causes of delay in transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber such as congestion low throughput and much bit error rate from the characterized network, training ANN in the causes of delay in transmission network to enhance its performance and designing a SIMULINK model for enhanced transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber for long distance data transmission using ANN controller. The results obtained are the lowest conventional congestion occurred in 2s and is1.76 Engar while that when ANN controller is incorporated in the system at the same time is1.703Engar thereby enhancing the transmission efficiency of multimedia optic fiber and the highest conventional throughput is 8bps while the throughput when ANN controller is incorporated in the system is 8.542bps that tremendously enhanced the transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber.
Page(s): 25-32 Date of Publication: 10 January 2022
Download PDF
The high rate of delay in multimode optic fiber transmission efficiency has agitated to introduction of enhanced transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber for long distance data transmission using fuzzy controller. It is done in this manner, characterizing the network understudy, evaluating the causes of low transmission in multimode optic fiber from the characterized data, designing a multimode optic fiber rule base that will eradicate the causes of low transmission in multimode like congestion and designing a SIMULINK model for enhanced transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber for long distance data transmission using fuzzy controller. The results obtained after its extensive simulation are the lowest conventional bit error rate occurred in 10seconds and it is 0.000020 while when fuzzy controller is imbibed in the system it is 0.000001913. With these results it shows that when fuzzy controller is introduced in the system the efficacy of multimode transmission enhanced, the lowest conventional congestion is 1.76 while that when fuzzy logic controller is inculcated in the system is 1.683. With these obtained results, it indicates that when fuzzy controller is incorporated in the system the transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber increased and the highest conventional throughput is 8 while the throughput when fuzzy controller is embedded in the system is 8.748.The higher throughput observed when fuzzy controller is applied in the system increased the transmission efficiency of multimode optic fiber.
Page(s): 33-38 Date of Publication: 24 January 2022
Download PDF
This research presents enhancing the performance of pipeline leakage detection system using artificial neural network. The study reviewed many literatures and singled out electrochemical sensor as the best when compared to the rest in sensing gas leakages. This was used as a sensing element to collected data of the gas leakages and then a feed forward neural network was modeled and trained with the gas data using back propagation algorithm. A gas reference model was generated after the training and deployed with the sensing element as an improved gas leakage detection system using Matlab. The system was simulated and the result showed high gas leakage detection accuracy of 98.95% was achieved, near real time detection of 11.23ms, MSE value of 0.000103Mu and a regression 0.999 was recorded. The result was also compared with another work developed with neural network which recorded 94.7% and the result showed that the new system achieved 4.75% improvement in detection accuracy which may look small but is very good when considering the delicate nature of natural gas leakages and the big problem it can cause.
Page(s): 39-44 Date of Publication: 24 January 2022
Download PDF
This research investigated the effect of guided discovery approach on Students’ Academic Achievement in Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ushongo Local Government Area, Benue state, Nigeria, with a view to establishing whether or not guided-discovery teaching approach would have effect on students‟ achievement in Mathematics. The study raised two specific objectives, two research questions and two related null hypotheses. 120 students were randomly selected for the study as the sample. The instrument for the study was mathematics achievement test. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed in testing null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed no significant difference in mean achievement scores of students taught mathematics using Guided-discovery teaching method and those taught with lecture method. The findings also revealed no significant difference in mean achievement scores of male and female students taught Mathematics using Guided discovery approach.
Page(s): 45-47 Date of Publication: 26 January 2022
Download PDF