Volume VI Issue III

Comparison of Minimum and Maximum Permissible Velocity of Flow with Respect to Advantage of Roughness

Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh – March 2019 Page No.: 01-06

The comparison of minimum permissible velocity and maximum permissible velocity is done with respect to mean depth of flow. We find that the minimum permissible velocity of flow or non silting velocity is more advantageous as compared to maximum permissible velocity of flow or non erodible velocity of flow from mean depth of flow point of view. Also, we get more conveyance with respect to minimum permissible velocity. Hence, minimum permissible velocity of flow or non silting velocity is more advantageous as compared to maximum permissible velocity or non erodible velocity from advantage of roughness point of view.

Page(s): 01-06                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 March 2019

 Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh
Civil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 (Jharkhand), India

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Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh “Comparison of Minimum and Maximum Permissible Velocity of Flow with Respect to Advantage of Roughness” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.01-06 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/01-06.pdf

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Trace Determination of Copper(II), Iron(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Using 3-Phenyl-Rhodanine – An Amperomertric Reagent
Sugam J Shivhare, Rakesh Mishra and Mangla Dave Gautam – March 2019 – Page No.: 07-12

Electrochemical studies on heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen is the topic of interest for many researchers. Sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds were used as amperometric reagents. In analytical chemistry rhodanine (2-Sulfanylidene-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one) and its derivatives are used as amperometric reagents for trace determination of several transition metal ions. In this paper we have synthesized, characterized and has been used 3-phenyl-rhodanine as spectrophotometric reagents for determination of certain metal ions.

Page(s): 07-12                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 18 March 2019

 Sugam J Shivhare
Department of Applied Sciences, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, Shirpur Campus, 425405, India.

 Rakesh Mishra
Department of Applied Sciences, LKCT, Indore, India.

 Mangla Dave Gautam
Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, India.

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Sugam J Shivhare, Rakesh Mishra and Mangla Dave Gautam “Trace Determination of Copper(II), Iron(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Using 3-Phenyl-Rhodanine – An Amperomertric Reagent ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.07-12 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/07-12.pdf

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Impact of Climate Change and Hydropower Development on the Community Livelihoods in the Sondu Miriu River Basin
Willis Owino Ochieng, Christopher Oludhe, Simeon Dulo – March 2019 – Page No.: 13-20

Climate change is the expected outcome of increases in atmospheric concentrations of “greenhouse” gases resulting from human activities. Energy has been identified as one of those sectors that contribute more towards GHGs emissions while renewable energy technologies have the potential to mitigate GHGs emissions. Among all the renewable energy technologies being utilised, hydropower stands out to be the most stable and proven technology over time compared to the others. Despite hydropower having the potential to mitigate climate change impacts and support some adaptation strategies, it is also likely to be impacted on by climate change. Both climate change and hydropower development are also most likely to impact on the community livelihoods.
This paper assesses the the impacts of climate change and hydropower development on the community livelihoods within the Sondu Miriu River basin. It involves interviews with the local community, their leadership and other development actors within the basin. Vulnerability assessment and statistical applications tools have been used.
The results have shown that climate change and hydropower development have impact on the community livelihoods in general. They both have a big influence on the socioeconomic and environmental activities within the basin. The benefits derived from hydropower development project can be used to reduce the vulnerability of the local communities to climate change impacts.

Page(s): 13-20                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 19 March 2019

 Willis Owino Ochieng
Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 Christopher Oludhe
Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 Simeon Dulo
Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

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[11] Masese, F.O., Mwasi, B.N., Etiegni, L. and Raburu, P.O. (2012). Effects of deforestation on water resources: Integrating science and community perspectives in the Sondu-Miriu River Basin, Kenya. INTECH Open Access Publisher.
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[13] Niang, I., O.C. Ruppel, M.A. Abdrabo, A. Essel, C. Lennard, J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart (2014). Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199-1265.
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Willis Owino Ochieng, Christopher Oludhe, Simeon Dulo “Impact of Climate Change and Hydropower Development on the Community Livelihoods in the Sondu Miriu River Basin” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 13-20 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/13-20.pdf

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Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Plantain–Soy Flour Blends

Gbenga Daniel Abata, Emmanuel Orimisan Abata , Daniel Babatunde Lene, Yetunde Omobola Akande – March 2019 Page No.: 21-26

The study investigated the fortification of food product comprising of plantain flour and soy flour. It also evaluated the proximate, mineral composition and sensory characteristics of the blends with a view to increase the protein quantity and quality of the blends and use soy bean to substitute plantain flour. The blends comprising of plantain-soy flour were in the ratio (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20). The samples were evaluated for proximate analysis (moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, ash content, crude fibre, carbohydrate and the kilocalories), mineral analysis (calcium, phosphorus and iron) using standard method. Sensory evaluation which includes (aroma, extensibility, colour, taste and overall acceptability), and sensory characteristics were evaluated (when reconstituted in hot water) using a 9 point hedonic scale. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The following result were obtained: moisture content, 11.92%-13.25%, ash content, 0.84%-1.28%, crude fat, 0.20%-0.58%, crude protein 4.50%-6.31%, crude fibre, 0.40%-0.72%, carbohydrate, 78.71% – 81.18%,kcal 343.47-345.41.The result of mineral analysis in (mg/100mg) were as follow: iron content 8.09-18.25, phosphorus content 132.98-170.80, calcium content 102.86 150.03. All the samples were moderate in terms of colour, taste, extensibility, aroma, and overall acceptability except the sample with 80:20 blends that have the highest overall acceptability. It was concluded that 80:20 blend has the highest overall acceptability because of high protein content.

Page(s): 21-26                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 21 March 2019

 Gbenga Daniel Abata
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic Ede Osun State, Nigeria

 Emmanuel Orimisan Abata
Departments of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

 Daniel Babatunde Lene
Departments of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

 Yetunde Omobola Akande
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic Ede Osun State, Nigeria

[1]. Abioye V.F., Ade – Omowaye B. I. O., Babarinde G.O and Adesigbin M. K.(2011). Chemical, Physiochemical and sensory properties of plantain flour. Afrian Journal of food science. 5(4):176-180.
[2]. Mahan L. K., Escott – Stump, S., (2011): Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy 10th Edition, W. B. Saunders Company: pp. 143 – 147.
[3]. Ihekoronye A. I., Ngoddy P. O. (2009): Integrated Food Science and Technology for The Tropics, Macmillan Publisher Ltd., London and Basing Stoke: pp. 274 – 291.
[4]. Ogazi P.O., Oyewusi F.A., Ozumba A.U., Ogundipe H.O., Osifo B.O.A., Lukambi F.A., (2008): Development and Sensory Evaluation of Soyamusa: A Soybean-Plantain Baby Food. ISHS ActaHortic., pp.540: International Conference on Banana and Plantain for Africa.
[5]. Islam T., Chowdhury A., Islam M., Islam S., (2007): Standardization of Bread Preparation from Soy Flour; International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (6): 15 – 20.
[6]. Ndife J., Abbo E., (2009): Functional Foods; Prospects and Challenges in Nigeria; Journal of Science and Technology, vol 1 No. 5: pp
[7]. Ibanga U. I. and Oladele A. K., (2008): Production and Determination of the Proximate Composition and Consumer Acceptability of an Enriched Dumpling (Masovita) Made of Maize, Soybeans and Cassava. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 6 (2): 110
[8]. AOAC., (2001): Official Method of Analysis-18th Ed., Assoc., Official Anal. Chemist, Washington D.C
[9]. Olaaoye o.a, Beatrice i.o and ade-omowaye (2008). Composite Flour and Bread: Potential of Local Crops in Developing Countries. DOI:10:1016/B978-0-12-380886-8. 10017. Pp 183-192 London.
[10]. Balogun m.a, Kolawole f.l, Karim o.r and Fasakin t.b (2016). Proximate Composition, Microbial Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Gruel from Fermented Maize and soybean. Applied Tropical Agriculture 21(2) 53-57
[11]. Olaoye o.a, onilude a.a and idown o (2006). Quality Characteristics of Bread Produce from Composite Flours of Wheat, Plantain and Soybean. African Journal of Biotechnology 5 1102-1106.
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[13]. Anuonye J. C., (2010): Effect of Extrusion Process Variables on Physiochemical Sensory. Microbial and Storage Properties of Product From a chadigeterial In Esilis and Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.)Merr).PHD, Thesis University of Agriculture Makurdi.

Gbenga Daniel Abata, Emmanuel Orimisan Abata , Daniel Babatunde Lene, Yetunde Omobola Akande “Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Plantain–Soy Flour Blends” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.21-26 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/21-26.pdf

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Design and Implementation of Wheel Chair cum Stretcher Using Servo Control Mechanism

Tarun Kanti Pal, Madhavi Anand, Anjali Sharma, Sk. Ebadattulla, Sourav Kumar Bhunia – March 2019 Page No.: 27-30

This work represents the design and implementation of wheel chair cum stretcher for carrying the physically disabled persons in easier way and manufacturing cost is also quiet low. The servo control mechanism can convert a wheel chair into stretcher or vice versa. When servo control mechanism is stretched the down position of the seat including with footrest goes horizontal till the level of seat of wheel chair and simultaneously the back support goes down and make horizontal with seat of wheel chair, now it become stretcher and when same system operated vertically and it converts into wheel chair from stretcher. It is design and implement in such a way that a patient or physically disabled persons could be used in a single clicked and self-drive by joystick.

Page(s): 27-30                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 21 March 2019

  Tarun Kanti Pal
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township – 721 171, West Bengal, India

  Madhavi Anand
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township – 721 171, West Bengal, India

  Anjali Sharma
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township – 721 171, West Bengal, India

  Sk. Ebadattulla
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township – 721 171, West Bengal, India

  Sourav Kumar Bhunia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township – 721 171, West Bengal, India

[1]. S.J. Suryawanshi and K. Janardhan Reddy, “Conceptual Product Development of Wheelchair for People Disabled in Legs”, International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 2, pp.01-10, October December, 2013.
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[3]. J.J. John, J. Johnson, J.C. Joy , G. John and A. Johnson., “Multipurpose Medical Bed”, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 5, September 2016.
[4]. James J. Kauzlarich., “Wheelchair caster shimmy II: Damping”, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, Volume. 37, No. 3, pp. 305- 313, May/June 2000.

Tarun Kanti Pal, Madhavi Anand, Anjali Sharma, Sk. Ebadattulla, Sourav Kumar Bhunia “Design and Implementation of Wheel Chair cum Stretcher Using Servo Control Mechanism” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.27-30 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/27-30.pdf

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Review Paper on Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection
Prof. Yuvaraj T, Nithin Krishna, Poojary Manish, Priya Naik, Varsha P – March 2019 – Page No.: 31-32

Water is one of the most important natural resources essential for survival and it is supplied to cities through pipelines from water sources such has rivers and lakes. Non Revenue Water (NRW) is the amount of water which has been produced and lost before reaching the customer. It may be due to leaks, illegal connection and faulty meters.
Bearing in mind that water leakage is a global issue that has already grown to become a critical issue in many areas, the main objective of the paper is to develop a leak and water monitoring system, using the concept of IoT, flow sensor that can be used for detecting the leak and solenoid valves placed in different parts of pipeline cam obstruct the water flow until the defective part of the pipeline is repaired. And further the leak occurred shall be informed to concerned authorities wirelessly.

Page(s): 31-32                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 21 March 2019

 Prof. Yuvaraj T
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India

 Nithin Krishna
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India

 Poojary Manish
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India

 Priya Naik
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India

 Varsha P
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India

[1] Ms. T. Deepiga, Ms. A. Sivasankari, “Smart Water Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network at Home/Office” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015
[2] Mr. Sahil Adsul, Mr. Ashok Kumar, “Development of Leakage Detection System”, 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT) International Institute of Information Technology (I²IT), Pune.
[3] M. JayaLakshmi, Dr. V. Gomathi, “An enhanced underground pipeline water leakage monitoring and detection system using wireless sensor network”, 2015 International Conference on Soft-Computing and Network Security (ICSNS 2015), Feb. 25 – 27, 2015, Coimbatore, INDIA.
[4] Motaz Daadoo, Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, “Smart Water Leakage Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks (SWLD)”, International Journal of Networks and Communications p-ISSN: 2168-4936.
[5] Andrea Myles,” Permanent Leak Detection on Pipes Using a Fibre Optic Based Continuous Sensor Technology”, Pipelines Conference 2011
[6] Bheki SITHOLE, Suvendi RIMER, “Smart Water Leakage Detection and Metering Device”, IST-Africa 2016 Conference Proceedings Paul Cunningham and Miriam Cunningham (Eds), IIMC International Information Management Corporation, 2016.
[7] M. M. Gamboa-Medina, L.F. Ribeiro Reis, R. Capobianco Guido, “Feature extraction in pressure signals for leak detection in water Networks” 12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry, CCWI2013
[8] Alberto Martini, Marco Troncossi and Alessandro Rivola “Vibration monitoring as a tool for leak detection in water distribution networks” Department of Engineering for Industry – University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
[9] Jihoon Choi, Joonho Shin, Choonggeun Song, Suyong Han and Doo Il Park “Leak Detection and Location of Water Pipes Using Vibration Sensors and Modified ML Prefilter” School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-City, Gyeonggi-do 10540, Korea.
[10] Fukushima Kei, Maruta Yuuji, Izumi Kazuo, Yusuke, Yoshizawa Ayumi, Tanaka Toshiaki “A Water Leak Detection Service Based on Sensors and ICT Solutions”.

Prof. Yuvaraj T, Nithin Krishna, Poojary Manish, Priya Naik, Varsha P “Review Paper on Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.31-32 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/31-32.pdf

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Impacts Socio-Economiques et Sanitaires de l’Exploitation des Fermes Intégrées à Dominance Piscicole dans la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi (Sud-Bénin)
Gyl FABADE, Vifan EricSEBO, Thierry HervéAZONHE, Yannick ATIGLI – March 2019 – Page No.: 33-43

Satisfying the consumption needs of animal protein of halieutic origin poses enormous problems as well on the organizational level as social and economic. The present study was therefore analyzed by the socio-economic and sanitary producers of fish production at fish farms and / or farms with fish dominance in the Commune of Abomey-Calavi (Benin). In order to carry out this study, the methodology adopted revolves around the collection of data, their treatments and the analysis of the results. For field data collection, a sample of 54 farms including 29 integrated farms with fish dominance and 25 fish farms were identified. The economic analysis relied on revenue per production band, thanks to estimates of the flows reported by the operators. With regard to the health impacts of fish farming, they have been appreciated through the cross-analysis of farm activities and the types of diseases suffered by farmers. The results of the study show that farmers’ working conditions and farm activities vary from one farm to another. Overall, 63% of farms are mainly fish farms, 9.3% are livestock breeding, 25.9% mainly market gardening and 1.9% are mainly engaged in agriculture. In total, 100% of the farmers have a fish production unit in association with other productions. Factors such as income per production band and health constraints influence fish development in the study area.

Page(s): 33-43                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 21 March 2019

 Gyl FABADE
Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire (DGAT/FASHS/UAC)

 Vifan EricSEBO
Ecole des Sciences et techniques du Bâtiment et de la Route (ESTBR/UNSTIM)

 Thierry HervéAZONHE
Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire (DGAT/FASHS/UAC)
Institut de Géographie, de l’Aménagement du Territoire et d’Environnement (IGATE/UAC)
Centre Béninois de Recherche Technique et d’Innovation (CBRSI/MESRS)

 Yannick ATIGLI
Département de Géographie et Aménagement du Territoire (DGAT/FASHS/UAC)

[1]. ABE, (2000) : La maîtrise du foncier urbain et rural. Cotonou, mars 2000, 45 p
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Gyl FABADE, Vifan EricSEBO, Thierry HervéAZONHE, Yannick ATIGLI “Impacts Socio-Economiques et Sanitaires de l’Exploitation des Fermes Intégrées à Dominance Piscicole dans la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi (Sud-Bénin)” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 33-43 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/33-43.pdf

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Effect of Ethanolic Root Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis, and Sildenafil on Some Haematological Test Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats

Iheanyichukwu Wopara, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Matthew O. Wegwu, Emmanuel U. Modo, Samuel C. Anyalenkeya- March 2019 Page No.: 44-48

Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida and Pinus koraiensis are evergreen shrub plants usually used as an aphrodisiac and have been used in traditional medicine practice for centuries with its leaves, roots and latex all in use. Sildenafil (Viagra) are drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic root extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis and Sildenafil (Viagra) tablets on some haematological test parameters of albino rats. The experimental animals were grouped into five different groups with 5 animals each. Group 1 (control) were fed with vital pellet feed and tap water only, Group 2 received 80mg/kg of grinded tablets of sildenafil, Group 3 received 200mg/kg Baphia nitida, Group 4 received 200mg/kg of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, while Group 5 received 600mg/kg of Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine nuts). Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, White blood cell, Red blood cell, and Platelet concentration were determined using automated haematological analyzer systemex KX-21 (Japan). The result shows a significant difference (p<0.05) in PCV level of Group 5 (32.4 ± 3.2 %) compared to the control rats (41.7 ± 1.2 %) and Group 2 (39.6 ± 2.9 %), as well as Group 3 (38.8 ± 1.2 %) and Group 4 (35.7 ± 8.2 %). Platelet counts also showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in Group 4 (307.6 ± 9.18 x 109/L) compared to Group 2 (428.5 ± 14.1 x 109/L), as well as Group 3 and Group 5. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the haemoglobin levels between the control rats and Group 2, 3 and Group 4. White blood cell counts showed higher mean values in Group 2 (13.6 ± 4.1 x 109/L), compared to the control rats (9.9 ± 1.4 x 109/L) and other groups, but the mean difference were not statistically significant (p>0.05). While the red blood cell counts were not statistically significant. This result therefore suggests that ethanolic extract of the aphrodisiac plant Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Ikeagwu), Baphia nitida (Abosi) and Pinus koraiensis as well as Sildenafil tablets at certain concentration could be desirous or deleterious so caution should be applied during oral ingestion.

Page(s): 44-48                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 22 March 2019

 Iheanyichukwu Wopara
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria

 Augustine A. Uwakwe
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria

 Matthew O. Wegwu
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria

 Emmanuel U. Modo
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Nigeria. Elele campus

 Samuel C. Anyalenkeya
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Nigeria. Elele campus

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Iheanyichukwu Wopara, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Matthew O. Wegwu, Emmanuel U. Modo, Samuel C. Anyalenkeya “Effect of Ethanolic Root Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis, and Sildenafil on Some Haematological Test Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.40-42 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/40-42.pdf

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Evaluation of Metal Pollutants and Bioaccumulation Factors in Macrobrachium macrobrachium and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Porto-Novo Lagoon, Benin Republic

Olusola Adeniyi Babalola – March 2019 Page No.: 49-55

Significant distribution of metal pollutants and bioaccumulation factors in Macrobrachium macrobrachium and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem was studied during two hydrological periods. Metal pollutants such as Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Va, and Methyl mercury were found in measurable quantities in the test animals using AAS equipment for analyses and are found to be above regulatory agency permissible limits. Tissues and organs of M. macrobrachium had less than 1.00 bioaccumulation factors in Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and MH3Hg while bioaccumulation factors greater than 1.00 are found in Hg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Va, and Pb . Tissue and organs of S. melanotheron had less than1.00 bioaccumulation factor in Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and MH3Hg while, Cr and Va had greater than 1.00 BF. There is a significant difference in the means of metal pollutants in the tissues and organs of M. macrobrachium during dry season at 5% level of significance. There is no significant difference in the means of metal pollutants in the tissues and organs of S. melanotheron at 5% level of significance in both seasons. The results indicate that M. macrobrachium and S. melanotheron from Porto-Novo lagoon bio-accumulate metal pollutants that are detrimental to human health s well as affecting the physiology of these test animals in the Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem. It is therefore recommended that Porto-Novo lagoon should be put on National Priority List for adequate revamping.

Page(s): 49-55                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 23 March 2019

 Olusola Adeniyi Babalola
Department of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria

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de’Abomey-Calavi Benin Republic, 200P
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[7]. Babalola, O.A and Fiogbe D.E (2016): Seasonal Variation Assessment and Correlation Coefficient of Metal Pollutants in Sediments and Water from Porto-Novo Lagoon Ecosystem, Benin Republic. American Journal of Educational Research. 4(13), 976-982
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[23]. Of ori-Danson P.K and Kumi G.N (2009). Food and feeding habit of Sarotherodon melanotheron, Rüppell, 1852 (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Sakumo Lagoon, Ghana. West Af r. J. Appl. Ecol .10(1): 9-18
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Olusola Adeniyi Babalola “Evaluation of Metal Pollutants and Bioaccumulation Factors in Macrobrachium macrobrachium and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Porto-Novo Lagoon, Benin Republic” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.49-55 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/49-55.pdf

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Design and Flow Analysis of Marine Propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics
S. Baskaran, L. Dhineshraj, J. Dinesh, B. Dineshkumar, T. Dineshkumar – March 2019 – Page No.: 56-58

This paper investigates the modelling and hydro dynamics analysis of sub merged marine propellers. The model analysis is based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using fluent software. The method of meshing and the effect of mesh size are studied in this paper. Moreover, different propeller models and methods are explained; and the best settings for obtaining the accurate results are presented. The performance curves of the propeller obtained by CFD are compared and verified with the analytical results. The pressure and velocity contours around the propeller also presented.

Page(s): 56-58                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 27 March 2019

 S. Baskaran
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

 L. Dhineshraj
Final Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

 J. Dinesh
Final Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

 B. Dineshkumar
Final Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

 T. Dineshkumar
Final Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

[1]. S. Subhas, V.F. Saji, S. Ramakrishna, H.N. Das, “CFD Analysis of a Marine Propeller Flow and Cavitation”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) volume55-No.16.October 2012.
[2]. Xiao Wang, Keith walters, “CFD of Marine-Propeller Performance Using Transition-Sensitive Turbulence Modeling”, Journal of Fluid engineering volume 134/ 071107-1 on July 2012
[3]. Liu, Z. and Young, Y.L., 2007. Utilization of deformation coupling in self-twisting composite propellers. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Composite Materials, Kyoto, Japan, 8-13 July 2007.
[4]. Kerwin, J.E., Kinnas, S.A., Lee, J.T. and Shih, W.Z., 1987. A surface panel method for the hydrodynamic analysis of ducted propellers. Transactions of Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 95, pp.93-122.
[5]. Hyoungsuk Lee, Min-Churl Song, Jung-Chun Suh and Bong-Jun Chang. Hydro-elastic analysis of marine propellers based on a BEM-FEM coupled FSI algorithm. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. (2014) 6:562~577.
[6]. Veeranagouda Patil, H. R. Purushothama, A. Manjunatha and Vijay Kumar Mishra. Performance Evaluation of Marine Propeller using Numerical Simulation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(45), DOI: 10.17485, December 2016.
[7]. M.P. Kishore, R.K. Behera, Numerical Investigation for CFD Simulation of Open Water Characteristics and Cavitation Inception of Marine Propeller Blade, Journal OF Maritime Research, ISSN: 1697-4040, Vol XIII. No. XI (2014) pp 71–76.

S. Baskaran, L. Dhineshraj, J. Dinesh, B. Dineshkumar, T. Dineshkumar “Design and Flow Analysis of Marine Propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.56-58 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/56-58.pdf

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Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Bio Based Lubricant as Metal Working Fluid in Machining Process

S.A Vasudevan, V. Saravanan and D. Anandakumar – March 2019 Page No.: 59-62

Metalworking fluid (MWF) is commonly used to reduce wear and friction, which in turn improves the productivity and quality of the components. However, theusage of conventional MWF made frommineral oil causes negative effects to the ecology and human health. Therefore, it is desirable to formulate sustainable MWFs as an alternative to petroleum-based oils. The crude Mahua oil (CMO) with various compositions with synthetic esters as per ASTM STD is formed and modified Mahuaoil (MMOs) were tested in the test specimens. The orthogonal cutting process carried out and the lubricants were supplied by using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. It was observed that theMMO exhibited an outstanding performance in terms of wear, friction and surface finish when compared to commercial syntheticester (SE). This works showed that MMO is a viable replacement for synthetic ester(SE) as a metal working fluid.

Page(s): 59-62                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 27 March 2019

 S.A Vasudevan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

 V. Saravanan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

 D. Anandakumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

[1]. M. Habibullaha ,H.H.Masjukia, M. A. Kalam, A. M. Ashraful, M. A. Habib, H. M. Mobarak-2014- “Effect of bio-lubricant on tribological characteristics of steel “Engineering -(10th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICME 2013 )- 90 ( 2014 ) 740 – 745.
[2]. N. Talib* and E. A. Rahim-2016- “The effect of tribology behavior on machining performances when using bio-based lubricant as a sustainable metalworking fluid” – (13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing – Decoupling Growth from Resource Use) – Procedia CIRP 40 (2016) 504 – 508.
[3]. S. Syahrullail, N. Nuraliza, M.I. Izhan, M.K. Abdul Hamid, D. Md Razaka-2013- “Wear Characteristic of Palm Olein as Lubricant in Different Rotating Speed”- (The Malaysian International Tribology Conference 2013, MITC 2013) – Procedia Engineering 68 -158 – 165.
[4]. JumatSalimon, Nadia Salih, Emad Yousif-2011- “Improvement of pour point and oxidative stability of synthetic ester base stocks for bio lubricant applications”- Journal of king Saud university science (2012) 24,221-226.
[5]. Ebtisam K. Heikal, M.S. Elmelawy, Salah A. Khalil, N.M. Elbasuny-2012- “Manufacturing of environment friendly biolubricants from vegetable oils”- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
[6]. A.Imran, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M. Varman, M. Hasmelidin, K.A.H. Al Mahmud, S.A. Shahir, M. Habibullah-2013-” Study of Friction And Wear Characteristic of Jatropha Oil Blended Lube Oil”-Procedia Engineering 68 ( 2013 ) 178 – 185 (The Malaysian International Tribology Conference 2013, MITC2013).
[7]. Vishnu Padmanaban, S.P.Anbuudayasankar, A.Ashokkumar, A.Sharan-2014- “Development of Bio based Semi-Synthetic Metal Working Fluid from Industrial Waste Water”- Procedia Engineering 64 ( 2013 ) 1436 – 1444
[8]. N. Talib and E. A. Rahim-2015- “Performance Evaluation of Chemically Modified Crude Jatropha Oil as a Bio-based Metalworking Fluids for Machining Process”- “Procedia CIRP 26 (2015) 346 – 350.
[9]. M. Shahabuddin, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam-2013” Experimental investigation into tribological characteristics of biolubricant formulated from Jatropha oil”-Procedia Engineering 56 (2013) 597 – 606.
[10]. N.W.M. Zulkifli, M.A. Kalam, H.H. Masjuk, R. Yunus-2013- “Experimental analysis of tribological properties of biolubricant with nanoparticle additive”- Procedia Engineering 68 (2013) 152 – 157.
[11]. Jitendra Kumar Chandrakar, Amit Suhane-2013- “The Prospects of Vegetable based Oils as Metal Working Fluids in Manufacturing.” – Procedia Engineering 68 (2013) 235 -238.
[12]. M. Pugazhvadivu, G. Sankaranarayanan-2010- “Experimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil as fuel”- Indian Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 3 No. 7 (July 2010).
[13]. Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices Manual by united states department of labor
[14]. Padhi, S.K.,Singh, R.K.-2010- “Optimization of esterification and transesterification of Mahua(Madhuca Indica) oil for production of biodiesel-Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research-2(5):599-608.
[15]. AmitSuhane, A. Rehman, H.K.-2013- “Tribological Investigation of Mahua Oil Based Lubricant for Maintenance Applications”- International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.2367-2371.
[16]. Madhuca longifoliaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/madhuca-longifolia.
[17]. Nadia Salih a, Jumat Salimon, Emad Yousif-2012- Synthetic biolubricant base stocks based on environmentally friendly raw materials-Journal of King Saud University – Science (2012) 24, 221–226.
[18]. Indian Standard MAHUA OIL — SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision of IS 545) ICS No. 67.200 Last date for comments: 15 April 2014.
[19]. Prof.Dr. A. D. Dongare, Prof. A. J. Gite-2014- “Experimental Analysis of Tribological Properties of Various Lubricating Oils Without and With Using Extreme Pressure Additives by Using Four Ball Extreme Pressure Oil Testing Machine”- Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.orgISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 08 (August. 2014), ||V3|| PP 10-27.
[20]. Mr. D. Muppala-2015- “PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS USING MAHUA SEED OIL”-International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology I Vol-03, Issue-07, July 2015.
[21]. Amit Kumar Jain, Amit Suhane-2014-Investigation of Tribological Characteristics of Non-Edible Castorand Mahua Oils as Bio Lubricant for Maintenance Applications”-5th International & 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th, 2014.
[22]. S. Foxall-Vanaken, -1986- “Common Components of Industrial Metal-Working Fluids as Sources of Carbon for Bacterial Growth”- Applied and environmental microbiology, vol. 51, no. 6 June 1986, p. 1165-1169.

S.A Vasudevan, V. Saravanan and D. Anandakumar “Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Bio Based Lubricant as Metal Working Fluid in Machining Process” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.59-62 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/59-62.pdf

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SBFR: SHA Based Fingerprint Recognition for Secured Smart Ration Management System
V. Kovendan, B. Ramyabharathi, G. Haritha – March 2019 – Page No.: 63-66

– Finger print recognition is an efficient method of identifying an individual. Fingerprint is one of the most well-known biometrics solutions for verification on electronic systems. Finger print security applications are frequently upgraded on infrared cameras and video cameras for providing security system such as logins and transaction authentications. Hence this technology is implemented in the newly designed smart rationing system. The present system in the ration shops is like the shopkeeper sees the ration book of the user and gives the quantity of grocery the user asks for. Nevertheless there will not be proper constancy in supplying the grocery things to the customer. Every now and then even there may be coincidental that different customers taking the grocery on same ration cards and also used by unauthorized persons. To avoid all these issues, we have proposed secure finger print recognition for card less and automatic smart ration management system with high security.

Page(s): 63-66                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 March 2019

 V. Kovendan
Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India

 B. Ramyabharathi
M.E Student, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India

 G. Haritha
M.E Student, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India

[1]. Parvathy A, VenkataRohit Raj, Venumadhav, Manikanta, “RFID Based Exam Hall Maintenance /System’’, IJCA Special Issue on “Artificial Intelligence Techniques – Novel Approaches & Practical Applications” AIT, 2011
[2]. Security Authentication Scheme Based on Certificateless Signature and Fingerprint RecognitionZhu Yanqiong ; XuHui ; Gao Zhan2011 Seventh International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, 2011
[3]. Design and implementation control of interfering mobile device with stepper motor and microcontroller ATmega 16Dong QuangHuy ; Jan Leuchter ; Jiri Buzek ; VitezslavStekly ; Le Thanh Bang 2017 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT)Year: 2017.
[4]. R.Ramani ,S. Selvaraju, S.Valarmathy, P.Niranjan, “Bank Locker security System Based on RFID and GSM Technology”, International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA) (0975 – 8887) Volume 57– No.18, November 2012
[5]. E-Health Services for Elderly Care Based on Google Cloud Messaging Ching-Nung Yang ; Fu-Heng Wu ; Sin-Yen Tsai ; Wen-Chun Kuo 2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity)Year: 2015Volume 1, Issue 3, June 2012 www.ijcsn.org ISSN 2277-5420
[6]. Cloud computing platform for applications in social-commercial area George Suciu ; Cristina Butca ; NarcisaMocanu ; Stefan CiprianArseni 2015 Conference Grid, Cloud & High Performance Computing in Science (ROLCG) Year: 2015
[7]. Fingerprint Matching on Smart Card: A ReviewKedimotseBaruni ; Albert Helberg ; Kishor Nair2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)
[8]. Fast camera fingerprint matching in very large databasesSametTaspinar ;Husrev T. Sencar ; SevincBayram ; NasirMemon2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)Year: 2017
[9]. ingerprint Identification System Based On Neural Network Mr. Lokhande S.K., Prof. Mrs. Dhongde V.S. ME (VLSI & Embedded Systems), Vishwabharati Academy’s College of Engineering, Ahmednagar (MS), India.
[10]. A Security-Enhanced Alignment-Free Fuzzy Vault-Based Fingerprint Cryptosystem Using Pair-Polar Minutiae StructuresCaiLi ;Jiankun HuIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and SecurityYear: 2016

V. Kovendan, B. Ramyabharathi, G. Haritha “SBFR: SHA Based Fingerprint Recognition for Secured Smart Ration Management System ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 63-66 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/63-66.pdf

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Nigeria Business Legal Frameworks and Entrepreneurship: Prospects and Challenges for Economic Development

Samuel S. Idowu – March 2019 Page No.: 67-72

Variability of business legal environment across the globe but with significant effect on entrepreneurship and economic development motivate the conduct of this research. The path of qualitative research method was followed as secondary data sources were exploited and theory of entrepreneur employed to underpin the study. The analysis of data reveals that the influence of British colonial business legal framework largely condition Nigeria environment and effort to reshape it after independent crowded out foreign entrepreneurs resulting into investment policy revision and left domestic counterparts ill-prepared for optimum performance, and as well to function as substitute at the same time. Therefore, ensuring a predictable business environment that is averse to policy summersault, collaboration among the three tiers of government, that is the federal, state and local government on entrepreneurship policy formulation and implementation and effective implementation of spirit and letter of the business laws are recommendations offer to position entrepreneurship for economic development in Nigeria.

Page(s): 67-72                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 30 March 2019

 Samuel S. Idowu
Department of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

[1]. Adelegan, J. A. (2000) Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Seemingly Unrelated Model. Africam Review of Money Finance and Banking, Retrieved on 2nd January 2016 from www.jstor.org/stable/23026281
[2]. Akanni, O. O.(2014) Nigeria Between 1914 and 1960: Political Constitutional Changes and Crises in An Era of Colonialism in R. Ajayi and J.O. Fashagba, Understanding Government and Politics in Nigeria: Ilorin, YesterTodayRrow Consult.
[3]. Alvarez, S.A. and Busenitz, L.W. (2001). The Entrepreneurship of Resource-Based Theory Journal of Management, Vol. 27, 755-775.
[4]. Alvaro, C., Domingo, R. and Salvador, R. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Concepts, Theory and Perspective. Retrieved on 14th February 2018 from https://www .uv.es/bejauveg/docs// universitatd.
[5]. Anochie, U., Ude, D.K. and Mgbemena, O. O. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Flows in Nigeria: Pro or Economic Growth Averse? Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 6 (4) 84-92
[6]. Bula, H.O. (2012). Evolution and Theories of Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review on the Kenyan Perspective. International Journal of Business and Commerce Vol. 1, (11) 81-96
[7]. Drucker P (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principle, Harper Business, New York, NY
[8]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999). Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria (With Amendments 2011) Abuja. Federal Republic of Nigeria Press
[9]. Garner, B.A. (2004) Black Law Dictionary, 8th edition, USA: West Publishing Company.
[10]. Gberevbie, D. E. and Oni, S. (2014). Post-Coloniali Nigeria: Power and Politics in the First Republic, 1960-1966 in R. Ajayi and J.O. Fashagba, Understanding Government and Politics in Nigeria: Ilorin, YesterTodayRrow Consult.
[11]. Kruger, M.E. (2004). Entrepreneurship Theory and Creativity Retrieved on 14th February 2018 from https://repository.up.acza/bitstream/handle/2263/…
[12]. Magnus, H. (2016). The Entrepreneurship Concept-a Short Introduction. Utibildning Vol. 6 (2) 95-108
[13]. Nay A, Pete S, Gyortf LZ, Petru TP, Benyovszki A (2010). Perceptii privind antrepreoriatul si activitatea antreprenoriala – diferente si asemanari intre patru tari din Europa de Est, Economie teoretica si aplicata, 17(8): 15-26.
[14]. Oguze, V.C. and Orji U.O. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment as a Panacea for Economic Development in Nigeria. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 23 (2): 175-185.
[15]. Orojo, J.O (2008). Company law and practice in Nigeria, 5th edition South Africa: Interpak Books Pietermaritzburg
[16]. Quamrul, A., Mohammad, E.U.M. and Robert, F.I. S. (2005). The Impact of Poor Governance on Foreign Direct Investment: The Bangladesh Experience. A Paper presented at Network of Asia-Pacfic Schools and Institutes of Public Administration and Governance (NAPSIPAG) Annual Conference Beijing, PRC, 5-7 December, 2005.
[17]. Reynolds, P.D. (2005). Understanding Business Creation: Serendipity and Scope in Two Decades of Business Creation Studies. Small Business Economics, Vol. 24, 359-364.
[18]. Sergui, R., Florin, I., Radu, C. and Luiela, C. (2012). Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur: A Review of Literature Concepts. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6 (10), 3570-3575
[19]. Shuaib, I.M., Dania, E. N., Imoagene I. and Pogoson, O.O. (2015). The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management Vol. 2 (3) 38-55
[20]. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008). Investment Policy Review of Nigeria. United Nations Publications (online version

Samuel S. Idowu “Nigeria Business Legal Frameworks and Entrepreneurship: Prospects and Challenges for Economic Development” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.67-72 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/67-72.pdf

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Seismic Review of Conceptual Layouts in Earthquake Prone Areas: A Challenge for Practising Architects
Jayarajan P – March 2019 – Page No.: 73-78

The poor seismic performance of the built environment during earthquakes highlights the necessity to design an infrastructure that is both strong and resilient. In this scenario, the architects need to play a critical role in every stages of a building project from conceiving to commissioning including the site selection, preparation of conceptual layouts, structural design, seismic detailing, construction and engineering of non-structural elements. A basic understanding of architectural aspects that govern the seismic behaviour of buildings is essential to ensure an earthquake resistant construction. The paper presents various aspects to be critically reviewed by architects in the preparation of earthquake resistant conceptual layouts. The configuration issues affecting the earthquake performance and their solutions are discussed. Finally, the importance in engineering and detailing of non-structural elements is highlighted.

Page(s): 73-78                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 March 2019

 Jayarajan P
Formerly Chief Engineer, Tecnimont India Private Limited, Mumbai, India. &
Associate Professor, MES College of Engineering, Kerala, India

[1]. Bose Amit, Bose Pratima(2008).“Architects and Earthquake Safe Habitats- Indian experience of Capacity Building”, The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China.
[2]. IS:1893 Part 1 (2016). “Indian Standard-Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part 1-General Provisions and Buildings”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[3]. “Improving Collaboration Between Architects and Engineers” (2014).A report by the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand, the New Zealand Institute of Architects, and the New Zealand Registered Architects Board, supported by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
[4]. Arnold, C. (1996).“Architectural Aspects of Seismic Resistant Design”, Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd.
[5]. FEMA 454, (2006).“Designing for Earthquakes”, A Manual for Architects.
[6]. Degenkolb, H.J. (1977). “Seismic Design: Structural Concepts”, Summer Seismic Institute for Architectural Faculty, AIA Research Corporation, Washington, D.C
[7]. C.V.R. Murty, Rupen Goswamy, A.R. Vijayanarayan, Vipul V.Mehta, “Some Concepts in Earthquake Behaviour of Buildings”, Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority(GSDMA),Government of Gujarat.
[8]. IS: 13920 (2016).“Indian Standard-Code of Practice for Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[9]. Charleson Andrew (2008).“Seismic Design for Architects: Outwitting the Quake”, Elsevier Ltd.

Jayarajan P “Seismic Review of Conceptual Layouts in Earthquake Prone Areas: A Challenge for Practising Architects” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.73-78 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/73-78.pdf

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Vital Signs Monitoring System – Portable Mobile Application for Health Care Workers and Households
Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT – March 2019 – Page No.: 79-84

Information Technology has transformed the ways modern medical systems acquire, store, access and communicate medical information. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of portable and cost-effective mobile application for an Android device that can monitor body temperature, respiration rate, blood – oxygen saturation level and pulse rate. Descriptive method and developmental method research was used in this study. 20 medical practitioners and 30 parents were interviewed by their experiences in using the portable medical device in Divine Word Hospital, Tacloban City, Philippines. Findings indicated that the portable medical device is a cost-effective device, and give medical practitioners and parents the chance to save time and effort in detecting health problem and monitor health status. It also improves the task efficiently and conveniently between them. Replicating this study using other media and technologies can be developed.

Page(s): 79-84                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 March 2019

 Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT
Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines

[1]. John W. Satzinger, et al. (2009). System Analysis and Design In A Changing World (5th Edition). Course Technology, Cengage Learning
[2]. Wilburta Q. Lindh,et al. (2010). Delmar’s Comprehensive Medical Assisting
[3]. Administrative and Clinical Competencies (4th Edition). Delmar, Cengage Learning
[4]. Sandra Ball-Rokeach, et al. (1976). Media System Dependency Theory. Retrieved from http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20 Clusters/Mass%20Media/Dep endency%20Theory/
[5]. Wikipedia. (2014). Medical Thermometer. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical thermometer
[6]. Wikipedia. (2014). Electrocardiography. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography
[7]. wiseGeek. (2013). Respiratory Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-respiratory-monitor.htm
[8]. The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. (2014). Cardio/respiratory monitor. Retrieved from http://www.uwppc.org/educational-resources/trach/section1/concepts /monitor/cont ent2.html
[9]. EAACI. (2010). Rhinomanometry. Retrieved from http://infoallergy.com/Diagnosis-Treatment/Diagnosis-Treatment 7.html
[10]. Bernandino, Dela Cruz, et al. (2013). GPS and GSM based Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring System. Retrieved from http://puptaguig. net/researchwithin fo.ph p?id=36

Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT “Vital Signs Monitoring System – Portable Mobile Application for Health Care Workers and Households” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 79-84 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/79-84.pdf

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Smart Agricultural Practices Using IoT and Data Analytics

Ayyappa Srinivasan M G, Praveen Periyasamy, Rogan – March 2019 Page No.: 85-88

There is a paradigm shift taking place in agricultural sector towards smart agricultural practices. This is due to the reducing agricultural resources. So, IoT has been used started to be used as a tool to improve the productivity in the agriculture sector. The IoT is the combination of several technologies such as WSN, radio frequency identification, cloud computing, middleware systems and end-user applications. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find the ways to attain most benefits from IoT in the field of agriculture. DA has also been integrated so as to attain maximum efficiency. Also this work tries to make this combination towards smart agriculture.

Page(s): 85-88                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 March 2019

 Ayyappa Srinivasan M G
Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India

 Praveen Periyasamy
UG students, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India

 Rogan
UG students, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India

[1]. I. European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things, Tech.Rep. [Online]. Available: http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/ pdf/ IERC_ Position_ Paper_ IoT_ Semantic_ Interoperability_Final.pdf
[2]. N. Dlodlo and J. Kalezhi, “The internet of things in agriculture for sustainable rural development,” in 2015 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications (ETNCC),May 2015, pp. 13–18.
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[5]. S. Ivanov, K. Bhargava, and W. Donnelly, “Precision farming: Sensor analytics,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 76–80, July 2015.
[6]. J. A. Manrique, J. S. Rueda-Rueda, and J. M. T. Portocarrero, “Contrasting internet of things and wireless sensor network from a conceptual overview,” in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), Dec 2016, pp. 252–257
[7]. R. S. Sinha, Y. Wei, and S.-H. Hwang, “A survey on LPWA technology:LoRa and NB-IoT,” ICT Express, 2017.
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Ayyappa Srinivasan M G, Praveen Periyasamy, Rogan “Smart Agricultural Practices Using IoT and Data Analytics” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.85-88 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/85-88.pdf

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Compare the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Produce by Using Fresh and Recycled Aggregate

Avanish Kumar, R.C. Patil, Rakesh Sakale, Hirendra Pratap Singh – March 2019 Page No.: 89-100

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a smooth concrete mixture that be bright to combine below its personal load. The extremely liquid life of SCC makes it proper for placing in hard situation and in sections with heaving reinforcement. Use of SCC can also help reduce inquiry-connected damage on the worksite that is inducing by shaking of concrete. Any more benefit of SCC is that the moment in time necessary to position outsized sections is greatly cheap.

Page(s): 89-100                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 02 April 2019

 Avanish Kumar
PG Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research & Technology, People’s University Bhopal (M.P.), India

 R.C. Patil
Guide, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research & Technology, People’s University Bhopal (M.P.), India

 Rakesh Sakale
HOD, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research & Technology, People’s University Bhopal (M.P.), India

 Hirendra Pratap Singh
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research & Technology, People’s University Bhopal (M.P.), India

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Avanish Kumar, R.C. Patil, Rakesh Sakale, Hirendra Pratap Singh “Compare the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Produce by Using Fresh and Recycled Aggregate” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.89-100 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/89-100.pdf

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Design and Fabrication of Combination Fixture for Reducing Production Time in Pump Manufacturing

D. Anandakumar, V. Saravanan and S.A Vasudevan – March 2019 Page No.: 101-105

In most of pump manufacturing industries, three fixtures are used for performing machining operations like milling, drilling and tapping on the components such as rear cover, front cover, suction bracket and casing. They lead to increase loading time, setting time, machining time and unloading time. To reduce the production time significantly, the three fixtures are replaced by a single fixture in this present work. The new fixture and supporting plates have been designed with the help of SOLID WORKS software. By means of this fixture, total production time is reduced to 78.6% and hence production rate is also improved significantly.

Page(s): 101-105                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 03 April 2019

 D. Anandakumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore – 641105, Tamil Nadu, India

 V. Saravanan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore – 641105, Tamil Nadu, India

 S.A Vasudevan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore – 641105, Tamil Nadu, India

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D. Anandakumar, V. Saravanan and S.A Vasudevan “Design and Fabrication of Combination Fixture for Reducing Production Time in Pump Manufacturing” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.101-105 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/101-105.pdf

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Low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL using Operational Transconductance Amplifier

Sruthin Balachandran V V, Raghavendra Havaldar – March 2019 Page No.: 106-110

Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) for Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is designed in 180 nm technology. The designed VTO has a voltage to current converter (V-I converter), a Current Controlled Oscillator (CCO) and three CMOS inverters. The CCO design is based on single ended rail to rail OTA The free running frequency range of OTA based VCO is 60 to 435 MHz. The design of the circuit is done using Cadence VLSI design suite and this VCO is power efficient and would result in a low cost compact IC when fabricated.

Page(s): 106-110                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 04 April 2019

 Sruthin Balachandran V V
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronic and Communication, AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru 575006, Karnataka, India

 Raghavendra Havaldar
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronic and Communication, AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru 575006, Karnataka, India

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Sruthin Balachandran V V, Raghavendra Havaldar “Low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL using Operational Transconductance Amplifier” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.106-110 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/106-110.pdf

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Smart Water Distribution System
Raghavendra Havaldar & Sruthin Balachandran V.V – March 2019 – Page No.: 111-115

Water leakage in water distribution system is a major issue. The leak in pipes could be due to various reasons like poorly constructed pipelines, inadequate corrosion protection etc. The paper consists of a model that is been designed to detect and respond to the water leak at the earliest. During water leakage, real time transmission of information at dynamically changing environment should be achieved. This can be done using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. Here water flow sensors are used to detect water leak in distribution system by observing change in flow rate. The sensor data is collected using microcontroller and transmitted using an XBee module to the server. At the server the data is processed and is stored in the database which helps in the generation of report on consumption of water. A solenoid valve is used at the water head, which turns off automatically whenever a heavy leak in the system is detected.

Page(s): 111-115                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 04 April 2019

 Raghavendra Havaldar
Assistant Professor in Electronics & Communication, A J Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

 Sruthin Balachandran V.V
Assistant Professor in Electronics & Communication, A J Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

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Raghavendra Havaldar & Sruthin Balachandran V.V “Smart Water Distribution System” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.111-115 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/111-115.pdf

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Preservative Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) on Soybean Daddawa- A Condiment

Adelodun L.Kolapo, Temitope O.S.Popoola – March 2019 Page No.: 116-123

Previous studies showed that lipid peroxidation is a key factor in soybean daddawa deterioration and Alliums are rich in antioxidants. In the present study, the preservative efficacies of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) on stored soybean daddawa compared to Sodium Chloride (NaCl) was investigated. Soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr.)seeds fermented into soybean daddawa was preserved with both extracts (at 3, 5 and 7% concentration) and NaCl (at the concentrations of 0, 3 and 5%). The samples stored at 30±20C for up to 14 days were analysed for peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), pH, titratable acidity (TTA), water absorption capacity (WAC) and fat absorption capacity (FAC). Solvent used in extraction did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on all the storage indices. Extracts of Leek significantly (P<0.05) lowered the POV, FFA and TTA generated in stored daddawa. The pH of all the stored soybean daddawa samples did not change significantly (P>0.05), except those treated with ethanolic extract which reduced pH values from 8.08 – 8.60 to 5.70 – 6.70. Both tested extracts lowered the WAC significantly (P<0.05) while the FAC of treated soybeandaddawa was not significantly affected compared to those treated with NaCl. Results of the present study suggest better antioxidant activities of leek extract over NaCl which is commonly employed in soybean daddawa preservation. This advantage coupled with the medicinal value of leek will probably qualify it as a virile alternative for soybean ddadawa preservation.

Page(s): 116-123                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 06 April 2019

 Adelodun L.Kolapo
Biological Sciences Department, Augustine University, Ilara-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria

 Temitope O.S.Popoola
Microbiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

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[19]. Kolapo, A.L. (2008). Microbiological, deterioration and preservative studies on soybean daddawa-A condiment. MSc Thesis. University of Agricuture, Abeokuta. Nigeria. 108pp.
[20]. Kolapo, A.L. and Sanni, M.O. (2006). Microbiology of soyiru spoilage.International Journal of Food and AgricuturalResearch.3(2):188-196
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[22]. Kolapo, A.L., T.O.S. Popoola, M.O. and Sanni, M.O (2007a). Evaluation of Biochemical Deterioration of Locust bean Daddawa and Soybean Daddawa- Two Nigerian Condiments. American Journal of Food Technology. 2(5): 440-445
[23]. Kolapo, A.L.,.Popoola, T.O.S; Sanni, M.O.andAfolabi, R.O. (2007b).Preservation of soybean Daddawa condiment with Dichloromethane Extract of Ginger.Research. Journal of .Microbiology. 2(3): 254-259
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Adelodun L.Kolapo, Temitope O.S.Popoola “Preservative Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) on Soybean Daddawa- A Condiment” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.116-123 March 2019  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/116-123.pdf

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Direct Memory Access Controller Design and Implementation for decreasing the Memory Access Time, Power and Area
Santosh Kumar B – March 2019 – Page No.: 124-125

Most of the newly developed stand alone embedded devices in the field of image, video and sound processing take more and more use of direct memory access controller. This controller is focused at high transmission capacity applications, for example, live video streaming. It is intended to drive 256-bit double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory. The double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory architecture utilizes a 2n-prefetch architecture, where the inner information transport is double the width of the outer information transport. A solitary read or compose cycle includes a solitary 2n-bit wide, one-clock-cycle information exchange at the center, and two relating n-bit wide, one-half-clock-cycle information exchanges at the I/O. Hence, this empowers fast activity as the inside section gets to are half the recurrence of the outer information exchange rate. Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memories utilize a byte-wide, bidirectional information strobe that is transmitted remotely, alongside information (DQ) for information catch. Bidirectional information strobe is transmitted edge-adjusted by the double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory amid peruses, and focus adjusted by the controller amid keeps in touch with the memory. The double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory uses on-chip delay-bolted circles to check out bidirectional information strobe and comparing DQs, guaranteeing that they are very much coordinated and that they track each other with changes in voltage and temperature. For FPGA structure the IC producers are giving business memory controller IP centers working just on their items. Principle impediment is the absence of memory get to enhancement for arbitrary memory get to designs. The ‘data path’ some portion of those controllers can be utilized free of charge. This work propose a design of a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory controller, which exploits those accessible and well tested data paths and can be utilized for any reconfigurable device.

Page(s): 124-125                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 06 April 2019

 Santosh Kumar B
CSE , New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

[1] How to Use DDR SDRAM, User’s Manual, Document No. E0234E40, ALPIDA, September 2005
[2] DDR SDRAM Controller Using Virtex-4 FPGA Devices, Oliver Despaux, Application Note, March 27, 2006.
[3] http://www.xilinx.com
[4] Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM Specification, JEDEC STANDARD, JESD79E, May 2005

Santosh Kumar B “Direct Memory Access Controller Design and Implementation for decreasing the Memory Access Time, Power and Area” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.124-125 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/124-125.pdf

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Location Mapping, Functions, Criteria and Categorical Based Assessment of Accommodation Centre’s Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria
Adewuyi Gbola K., Ajibade Oludare S., Oyekunle Abraham, Adeniran Mayowa – March 2019 – Page No.: 126-140

Comfort in accommodation based on facilities and quality services play a very vital role in making meaningful any tourist destination. This study aimed at mapping accommodation Centre’s locations and assessing them based on their functions, criteria and category in which they fall. Google earth satellite imagery was used to determine the spatial location of individual accommodation Centre consisting of hotels, hotel and suites, guests houses, conference/event centre’s Inn, resorts etc. Three hundred and seventy (370) accommodations Centre’s were determined through the Google earth satellite imagery. Other information was derived from online resource (internet based information) and manager of various kind of accommodation Centre’s studied in Ibadan based on functions, criteria, categories (stars). Road map of Ibadan was extracted from the road map of Oyo State and lay over the data acquired to show the exact position of each accommodation centre using ArcGIS 10.2.1 software application package. The results of study showed the composite map of the generalized distribution of accommodation Centre’s with 1, 2, 3, 4 with their respective color (yellow, red, blue, green) and maps based on their categories (1, 2, 3, 4,) Stars. Generally, the results showed that all accommodation Centre’s studied fall within (1 to 4) Stars in category. It can be concluded from the results that the study will help the tourist to choose the best accommodation Centre they want. It will also help those that owned the accommodation centre’s to improve the quality of their services and facilities. Also for those that want to establish their own accommodation centre’s to determine the category in which they want their own to fall.

Page(s): 126-140                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 07 April 2019

 Adewuyi Gbola K.
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

 Ajibade Oludare S.
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

 Oyekunle Abraham
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

 Adeniran Mayowa
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

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Adewuyi Gbola K., Ajibade Oludare S., Oyekunle Abraham, Adeniran Mayowa “Location Mapping, Functions, Criteria and Categorical Based Assessment of Accommodation Centre’s Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.126-140 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/126-140.pdf

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Assessment of Consumers’ Preference for Local Rice in South West, Nigeria
Abigail Adeyonu, Babatunde Ajiboye, Tobi Aminu, Opeyemi Faronbi, Toluwalase Awe and Ibukun Olayiwola – March 2019 – Page No.: 141-144

The research work examine consumers preference for local rice in South west, Nigeria. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of local rice consumers in the study area. Data of 150 household was collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Tobit regression model and likert type of measurement were used to measures the collected parameters.The results of the analysis shows that consumption is consistent among 59.3% of the respondent.The choice of local rice consumption is evident by their positive perceptions that local rice is healthy, have good taste and superior in quality than polish rice. Although some claim less utility in local rice consumption because it’s less attractive, look dirty and less friendly in term of cooking, Ofadabrand of local rice is still the most preferred.
The study also reveals thathousehold size, quality, ease of cooking and market price have significant influence on the consumer’s decision.

Page(s): 141-144                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 April 2019

 Abigail Adeyonu
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

 Babatunde Ajiboye
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

 Tobi Aminu
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

 Opeyemi Faronbi
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

 Toluwalase Awe
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

 Ibukun Olayiwola
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

[1]. Accent (2010). Review of Stated Preference and Willingness to Pay Methods. CompetitionCommission. Retrieved from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.competition-commission.org.uk/our_role/analysis/summary_and_report_combined.pdf
[2]. Ajala, A., and Gana A. (2015). Analysis of Challenges Facing Rice Processing in Nigeria.Journal of Food Processing. 4(3):23-29. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/893673
[3]. Demont, M., Zossou, E., Rutsaert, P., Ndour, M., Van-Mele, P., and Verbeke, W. (2012). Consumer valuation of improved rice parboiling technologies in Benin. Food Quality and Preference 23: 63–70.
[4]. Demont, M., Rutsaert, P., Ndour, M. and Verbeke, W. (2013). Reversing urban bias in African rice markets: evidence from Senegal. World Development 45, 63–74.
[5]. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2016). Rice Market Monitor. 14(1): 1-44.
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[7]. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2000). Agriculture towards 2015/30 Technical Interim Report. April, 2000. Rome
[8]. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (FMARD, 2012). Agricultural Transformation Agenda: Repositioning Agriculture to drive Nigeria’s Economy.
[9]. Lançon, F. and Benz, H. (2007.) Rice imports in West Africa: trade regimes and food policy formulation. A Paper presented at the 106th seminar of the European Association of Agricultural Economics (EAAE), Pro-poor Development in Low Income Countries: Food, Agriculture, Trade and Environment. Montpellier, France, 25–27 October
[10]. Sowunmi, F., Omigie O., and Daniel D. (2014). Consumers’ Perception on Ofada Rice in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. ISSN 2222-2855 (Online). 5(16): pp
[11]. Singh, B., Fagade, S., Ukungwu, M., William, C., Jagtap, S., Oladimeji, O., Effisue, A., Okhidieubie, O. (1997). Rice Growing Environment and Biophysical Constraints in Different Agro Ecological Zones of Nigeria. Metrology Journal. 29:35-44.
[12]. Terwase, I., and Madu, A. (2014). The Impact of Rice Production, Consumption and Importation in Nigeria: The Political Economy Perspectives. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy, 2014, 3(4): p91

Abigail Adeyonu, Babatunde Ajiboye, Tobi Aminu, Opeyemi Faronbi, Toluwalase Awe and Ibukun Olayiwola “Assessment of Consumers’ Preference for Local Rice in South West, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.141-144 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/141-144.pdf

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Assistive Technology on Teaching Mathematics to Learners with Visual Impairments in Special Primary Schools in Kenya
Chege Mary Wairimu, Joel M. Chomba, Beatrice Bunyasi Awori – March 2019 – Page No.: 145-150

The study was conducted to identify types of Assistive Technology used for teaching Mathematics to learners with visual impairments in special primary schools for learners with Visual Impairments in Kenya. A descriptive research design was employed to achieve the objective of the study. The data have been collected through observational checklist and classroom observation schedule of the selected special primary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample of five deputy head teachers. Study data was analysed manually through narrative means using thematic. The result of the study indicates that there was scarcity of Assistive Technology in special primary schools for learners with visual impairments in Kenya. Largely, Low-Tech Assistive Technology was available while modern Mid-Tech and High-Tech Assistive Technology were visibly lacking. The study recommends that: the government through Ministry of Education to allocate necessary funds for acquisition and physical supply of much needed modern Assistive Technology for teaching Mathematics to special primary schools for learners with Visual Impairments.

Page(s): 145-150                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 11 April 2019

 Chege Mary Wairimu
Department of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya

 Joel M. Chomba
Department of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya

 Beatrice Bunyasi Awori
Department of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya

[1]. Ahmad, K. F. (2015). Use of Assistive Technology in inclusive Education: Making room for diverse learning needs. Journal of Transience, 6(2), 62-77
[2]. Akpan, J. & Beard, L. (2014). Assistive Technology and Mathematics education. Universal Journal of Education Research, 2(3), 219–222. Retrieved August 2016 http://www.hrpub.org.
[3]. Alkahtani. K. D. (2013). Teachers’ knowledge and use of Assistive Technology for students with Special Educational Needs. Riyadh. Journal of studies in Education. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsc.v312.3424.
[4]. Brousseau, G. (1997). Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics. Balacheff: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
[5]. Chiu, M. (2007). Mathematics as mother/basic of Science in affect: Analysis of Timss2003 Data. Chengch University, Department of Education.
[6]. Cook, A. & Hussey, S. (2002). Assistive technologies: Principles and practices; 2nd edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.
[7]. Ganschow, H., Philips, L. & Schneider, D, (2001). Closing the gap: Accommodating students with language learning disabilities in college. Topics in language Disorder, 21 17-37.
[8]. Government of Kenya. (2010).Constitution of Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer.
[9]. Heward, L. W. (2003). Exceptional children: an introduction to special education; 7th edition. U.S.A. Merrill Prentice Hall.
[10]. International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment (2014). Expanding Educational Opportunities. Volume XXVII.
[11]. Jackson, M. (2009). Technologies supplying curriculum access for students with disabilities.Washington: NCAC.
[12]. Kochung, R. (2003). A report of the task force on special needs education appraisal exercise. Nairobi: Government Printers.
[13]. Kohanova, I. (2006). Teaching Mathematics to non-sighted students: with specialization in solid geometry. Comenius University Bratislava: Published Doctoral Thesis
[14]. Lodico, G., Spaulding, D. & Voegtle, K. (2006). Methods in Educational research: From theory to practice. USA: Jossey Bass.
[15]. Makinde, D. (2011). Impact of Mathematics and science research on national development A paper presented at the First Kenyatta University International Mathematics Conference, Nairobi, Kenya on 8th June 2011.
[16]. Manchishi, S. (2015). Factors contributing to low achievement levels in Mathematics among Hearing Impairment learners: Case study of selected schools of Lusaka, Zambia University. Published M.ED. Thesis.
[17]. Mariba, A. (2012). Challenges facing teachers and students in the use of instructional technologies: A case study of selected secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. Kenyatta University: Unpublished M.ED Thesis.
[18]. Mugo, B. C. (2013). Assistive Technology and access to quality instructional for Blind and visually impaired students. A comparative study of Kenyatta University, Kenya and Syracuse University, USA. Kenyatta University: Unpublished PhD Thesis.
[19]. Mugo, B.C. (2007). Instructional technology in the facilitation of learning by visually impaired learners in upper primary classes in Kenya. Kenyatta University: Unpublished M.Ed Thesis.
[20]. Muigai, S. C. (2017). Historical analysis of educational developments for persons with visual impairments in Kenya (1945 – 2013): Focus on Nairobi City, Kiambu and Meru Counties. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis.
[21]. Mwangi, M. W. (2014). Pedagogical challenges facing mathematics teachers of learners with vision at Thika primary school for the Blind, Kiambu County. Kenyatta University: Published M.Ed Thesis.
[22]. Nemeth, A. (1972). The Nemeth Braille code for Mathematics and Science notation, 1972 revision. Louisville, KY: APH. 4 BC. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
[23]. Ogula, P.A. (2010). A guide to research proposal and report writing. Nairobi: Catholic University of Eastern Africa.
[24]. Rosenblum, L. & Amato, S. (2004). Preparation in and use the Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics by teachers with visual impairments. Retrieved 8th September 2016 http://scholar.google.com/scholar?=braille
[25]. Rowe, S. C. (2014). Counting on Technology: Critical solutions for education STEM subjects in Developing countries. Journal of expanding educational opportunities, 27(2), 17-21.
[26]. Stein, C. (2013). Hearing Impairment and ADHD: how they affect students’ ability to learn Mathematics Georgia. Georgia College and State University.
[27]. Tebo, R. L. (2009). A resource guide to assistive technology for students with visual impairments. Bowling Green State University: Published M.Ed Project.
[28]. Wamalwa, E. (2017). Utilization of instructional Media to enhance Students’ Learning if English in Bungoma North District’s Secondary Schools, Bungoma County. A paperpresented at 34th Postgraduate seminar programme on 20th July 2017.
[29]. Wawire, V., Elarabi, N. and Mwanzi, H. (2009). Higher educational access and retention opportunities for students with disabilities: Strategies and experiences from selected public universities in Egypt and Kenya. The institute of International Education, 117-134

Chege Mary Wairimu, Joel M. Chomba, Beatrice Bunyasi Awori “Assistive Technology on Teaching Mathematics to Learners with Visual Impairments in Special Primary Schools in Kenya” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.145-150 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/145-150.pdf

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The Challenges of Nigeria Vaccine Supply Chain, a Community of Practice Perspective
Timilehin M. Omole, Felix O. Sanni, Paul A. Olaiya, Olusegun Aturaka, Musa Abdulsalam, Zachary T. Gwa, Olumide F. Ajani, Potter J. Aiden, Chigozie G. Njemanze – March 2019 – Page No.: 151-157

Vaccine supply chain is a critical success factor in the improvement in immunization coverage towards universal health coverage. Immunization in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) generally suffers lots of setbacks due to supply chain bottlenecks. This research therefore explored the supply chain ecosystem in Nigeria to determine the challenges of supply chain in Nigeria and possible solutions to them. The study took pragmatic approach to explore the Nigeria vaccine supply chain ecosystem. In a mixed method, we explored some quantitative and qualitative questions using an internet-based questionnaire (Google form). From the survey, a total of 200 valid responses were received and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft excel combined and patterns/correlations. Among the professionals, only few people (21.0%) had above average (very good and excellent) knowledge of vaccine chain while more than 30% had very poor knowledge of vaccine supply chain in Nigeria. This poor knowledge of vaccine supply chain that cuts across all professions is a major challenge to efficiency and success of vaccine supply chain in Nigeria. All the five factors considered as bottlenecks to vaccine supply chain in Nigeria were highly rated as major challenges by over 90% of all respondents. Thus, a lot has to be done to create awareness on vaccine supply chain across all healthcare profession and more efforts are needed both by government and professionals to overcome the challenges of bottlenecks to vaccine supply chain in Nigeria.

Page(s): 151-157                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 11 April 2019

 Timilehin M. Omole
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, FHI360-GF, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

 Felix O. Sanni
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

 Paul A. Olaiya
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria

 Olusegun Aturaka
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria

 Musa Abdulsalam
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria

 Zachary T. Gwa
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria

 Olumide F. Ajani
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria

 Potter J. Aiden
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, FHI360-GF, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

 Chigozie G. Njemanze
Department of Strategic Supply Chain Management, University of Roehampton, London, UK

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Timilehin M. Omole, Felix O. Sanni, Paul A. Olaiya, Olusegun Aturaka, Musa Abdulsalam, Zachary T. Gwa, Olumide F. Ajani, Potter J. Aiden, Chigozie G. Njemanze “The Challenges of Nigeria Vaccine Supply Chain, a Community of Practice Perspective” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.151-157 March 2019 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-6-issue-3/151-157.pdf

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